More information on the reference period for this report can be found in the methodology section of the Introduction. This report has been produced in accordance with the EASO COI report methodology (2019)2 and the EASO COI Writing and Referencing Guide (2019)3.
Access and residency requirements for Baghdad, Basrah, and Sulaymaniyah
General information on access and residency requirements
In the face of mass displacement due to the expansion of ISIL and the ensuing military conflict between 2014 and 2017, authorities in numerous places have imposed restrictions on entry and residence, including sponsorship requirements. Two of the main obstacles to free movement and residence for displaced persons and returnees are proving their identity and obtaining security clearance.20.
Legal and administrative requirements to enter the respective city
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Iraqi Arabs whose civil status ID cards or Unified ID cards have been issued in one of the governorates that are part of the KRI are generally able to enter the Sulaymaniyah governorate without restrictions by presenting such documents. Iraqi Arabs who have a residence permit issued by one of the four KRI governorates, but whose civil documentation is issued in a governorate outside the KRI, are able to enter the Sulaymaniyah governorate by showing their 'residence permit'.46 Further.
Legal and administrative requirements to settle in the respective city
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Iraqi Arabs whose civil status identity card was issued in one of the other KRI governments are required to request a new Asayish code68 as well as the transfer of their Residence Card ('Information Card') 69 in Sulaymaniyah in order to be able to settle in Sulaymaniyah. This process is the same as for Iraqi Arabs whose Civil Status Identity Card or Unified ID Card was issued in one of the other KRIs.
Key Socio-economic indicators in Baghdad, Basrah, and Sulaymaniyah
Economy
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Construction work has increased since 2003 due to destruction associated with military conflicts and terrorist operations. 84% of households in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) and the northern governorates had no savings.
Employment
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Similar to Baghdad, in Basra more than two-thirds of employed women and men in the private and public sectors found it difficult to find current employment due to limited employment. Before March 2020, construction and the service sector were the strongest employment sectors in KRI153.
Poverty
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
The highest rate of increase in poverty related to the COVID-19 pandemic was 14.5% in central governments, which include Baghdad.166. According to the same source, all IDPs documented in the camp in the province were in need (11,000 IDPs) or in acute need (6,000 IDPs).
Food Security
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Hardly any information could be found about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Basrah. Food retailers in Sulaymaniya reported a drop in sales between June and August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly due to movement restrictions.235.
Healthcare
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
According to the nurse, patients who can afford it prefer to go to private specialists. According to the Ministry's 2020 Statistical Report, other health-related facilities include 94 private laboratories, 729 pharmacies and 19 pharmaceutical offices, as well as 42 drugstores.262. The main barriers to access to public hospitals related to the unavailability of doctors in general, female doctors or nurses, and medical equipment.
In addition, people in some areas reportedly forbade their family members from going to hospital, as they believed being quarantined meant they were being taken into custody.269. According to the Ministry of Health's 2020 Annual Statistical Report, Sulaymaniyah Governorate had 492 PHCs, including 115 main health care centers and 377 health sub-centers.
Education
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
Six years of schooling between the ages of six and twelve is compulsory for children in Baghdad, as in the rest of Baghdad-controlled Iraq.288. The quality of education in the public system, but also in many private schools, does not meet international standards. Out-of-school rates were 6% at the primary, 24% at the lower secondary and 52% at the upper secondary levels.304 In the southern provinces of Iraq, including Basrah, a much higher percentage of children were out of school than in the north.305 .
Six years of schooling between the ages of six and 12 is compulsory for children in Basrah, as in the rest of Baghdad-ruled Iraq. The percentage of children not attending school was 2% in primary education, 9% in lower secondary education and 20% in upper secondary education.325 In the Kurdish north, for example, a much lower percentage of children did not attend school than in the southern provinces of Iraq.326.
Housing and Living Conditions
- Baghdad
- Basrah
- Sulaymaniyah
342 ACCORD, Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Versorgungslage Bagdad (Lebensmittel, Wasser, Strom), Wohnungsmarkt, Schulbesuch [Questions about Somalia: General information about Sufism in Somalia; Information on the treatment of Sufi members in Mogadishu by the community and al-Shabaab, political representation of Sufis], [a January 2021, url. 348 BBC News, Iraq blackouts spark protests as summer temperatures scorch country, 2 July 2021, url; AP, Power outages hit Iraq amid scorching temperatures, 2 July 2021, url; DW, How to solve Iraq's hellish power crisis, 8 July 2021, url;. OpenSooq, ﻒﺻﻮلا فﻮﺷ ﻪ�ﻧﺎ�ﺣ ﻞب رﺎﺠ� ﻹا ﺖ�ﺑ [House for rent in Hianiya, see description], 21 Sep 20; OpenSooq, رﺎﺠ�ﻠﻟ زوﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ [Illegal small house for rent] September 3, 2021, url.
376 BBC News, Iraq power cuts spark protests as summer temperatures scorch country, 2 July 2021, url; AP, Power outages hit Iraq amid scorching temperatures, July 2, 2021, url; DW, How to solve Iraq's hellish power crisis, 8 July 2021, url; VOA, Iraqis protest electricity cuts as temperatures top 50 C, July 1, 2021, url; Al Jazeera, Basra protests erupt as power cuts hit scorching Iraq, 8 July 2021, url. 380 offers of real estate rentals in Sulaymaniyah [ﺔ�ﻧﺎﻤ�ﻠﺴﻟا يف� تارﺎﻘﻋ تارﺎﺠ�ا ضويﺮﻋ ] ﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﺷ [Apartment in Nemonahi City], October 2, 2021, url.
Overview of the situation as regards ID documents, security clearances, and COVID-19
Requirements to obtain ID documents
- Unified national card
- Civil status ID
- Birth certificate
- Nationality certificate
- Residency card
- Public Distribution System (PDS) card
This entails contacting the Asayish in the governorate where the residence permit was issued and informing them of the person's relocation to Sulaymaniyah. No additional information could be found on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment in Baghdad. According to the same source, all documented displaced persons in the camp in Baghdad Governorate were in distress (1,000 displaced persons) or in acute need (300 displaced persons).
Access to drinking water was at risk.372 During the COVID-19 pandemic, "the need for clean water for residents became even more urgent."373. Hardly any information could be found on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on housing and living conditions in Sulaymaniyah. In the Central and Southern Provinces one of the parents had to submit a copy of the certified birth certificate to the CAD for family records.467.
464 UNICEF and UNAMI, Analysis of the legal framework for civilian documentation in Iraq, 2019, url, pp.
ID documents and access to services
- Education
- Health-Care
- Housing, Land and Property (HLP)
- Social Welfare
In collaboration with the World Food Program (WFP), as of summer 2020, the Government of Iraq was working on digitizing the PDS System in a pilot study through MT. While some thought that the student's ID card was required, others assumed that the father's and mother's ID cards were also required and that in case the father died, the death certificate had to be submitted. Almost half of the respondents indicated that the father's ID or, if deceased, the death of the father.
According to a survey published in September 2019, individuals without identity cards were less likely to own the properties they lived in or have leases for rental properties, and therefore faced an increased risk of eviction. However, undocumented persons cannot benefit from the PDS, as a PDS card of the area of origin of the head of the household is needed, for the issuance of which an identity card and a residence card are required.
IDPs and returnees
- Obtaining lost ID documents
- Requirements of ID documents for family members
- Security clearance requirement for returnees
- Possible risks considering travel to/through formerly ISIL-controlled areas without
In addition, a copy of the applicant's lost identity card and a copy of the identity card of the applicant's unmarried father, brother or sister had to be attached to the form. In case the petitioner was a minor, a statement from the petitioner's father was necessary. 564. In case of damage, the original Iraqi nationality certificate had to be attached and in case of loss, a copy of the lost certificate was needed for application.
In order to complete the legal procedures in Iraq, applicants had to give permission to relatives living in Iraq, who had to approach the Directorate of Citizenship and Civil Affairs. Regarding the issuance of a birth certificate for Iraqi children born outside of Iraq, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the family must present a birth certificate issued by the relevant authorities in the child's place of birth and the father's ID card to the consulate. department of the embassy.
Impact of COVID-19 at a national level
- Measures to curb the spreading of COVID-19
- Impact on economy and vulnerable groups
- Vaccination programme
- Measures in relation to the elections
According to an IOM report on COVID-19 restrictions and public health measures during the period March to May 2021, the government has made the use of masks in public spaces and government offices mandatory from March 29, 2021. Vaccination in Iraq began in the first days of March 2021. 654 WHO stated in its weekly COVID-19 situation report for the period 23 to 29 August 2021 that, as of calendar week 34, a total of 4,043,632 vaccine doses had been administered in the country is. In the same week, the Ministry issued a recommendation for the use of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) for pregnant women in or after week 16 of their pregnancy.662.
As part of preparations for the October 10, 2021 elections, UNAMI noted that authorities were procuring COVID-19 protective equipment such as masks, gloves and sanitizers to be distributed to all polling stations across the country for election workers and voters.663. 5-6; PHR, latest COVID-19 spike prompts more Iraqis to get vaccinated, but hesitation persists, 12 Aug 2021, url.
Bibliography
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