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Introduction
Basis of claim
Consideration of issues
- Credibility
- Exclusion
- Convention reason
- Risk
- Protection
- Internal relocation
- Certification
Individuals known (or perceived) by the authorities to be associated with and engaged in activities on behalf of a proscribed Islamic group, including Nurdzhular, Hizb ut-Tahrir and Tablighi Jamaat, are likely to be subject to treatment which, by nature and repetition, or as a result of a However, each case must be considered on its individual facts, with the onus on the person to demonstrate the state's adverse interest in them. In August 2022, Forum 18 reported that 6 men were to stand trial in Moscow for alleged involvement with Nurdhzhular (see Arrests, Sentencing and Imprisonment: Hizb ut-Tahrir, Arrests, Sentencing and Imprisonment: Tablighi Jamaat and Arrests, Sentencing and Imprisonment: by Said Nursi).
Religious demography
- Introduction
- Muslims
- Map of Russia
- Followers of Said Nursi (‘Nurdzhular’ / Nur movement)
- Hizb ut-Tahrir
- Tablighi Jamaat
Tatarstan and Bashkortostan are part of the Volga-Urals, while the other Muslim republics belong to the North Caucasus. We believe that there were insufficient grounds to ban Hizb ut-Tahrir as a terrorist organization, as this party was never involved in terrorist attacks. The fact that Hizb ut-Tahrir preaches the idea of establishing a global Islamic caliphate does not, in our opinion, in itself provide sufficient grounds to charge its followers with planning a violent takeover of power in Russia.'20.
Legal and policy framework
- Constitution
- Anti-extremism legislation
- Investigation of extremism
- Declaration of material as extremist
- Groups banned on the grounds of extremism
- Extremist materials
- Use of other laws
- Islamic attire
The law states that those who violate the law on freedom of conscience, religion and religious associations "shall be held liable under criminal, administrative and other legislation". The administrative code and the criminal code both punish obstruction of the right to freedom of conscience and religion with imprisonment of up to three years and/or fines of up to 500,000 rubles [approximately £6.75624] or 1,000,000 rubles [approximately depending on which code governs the offence.'26. Some of the council's powers include reviewing organizations' activities and literature and determining whether an organization is "extremist." The law provides several examples of extremist activities, such as "incitement to violence", but does not define exactly how organizations or religious materials can be classified as "extremist". The council also advises the MOJ on the issue of granting religious organization status to a religious group.'35. If the courts determine that the material is no longer "extremist", the MOJ must remove the material from the lists within 30 days.
The law prohibits the declaration of key texts (holy books) of the four traditional religions in their own. Participating in or organizing the activities of a banned religious organization that is designated as extremist is punishable by a fine of up to 800,000 rubles [approx., or a prison sentence of six to ten years, with the deprivation of the right to occupy "certain positions" or to work in "certain. Hizb ut -Tahrir; Nurdzhular (Russification of Turkish for "followers of Said Nursi"); Tablighi Jamaat; and Fayzrakhmani Islamic.
Any Russian court can declare the material (book, leaflet, song, slogan, video, website or website) "extremist" or "non-traditionally Islamic". The Ministry of Justice is then authorized to list that work on its Federal List of Extremist Materials, including classic literature such as the book "40 Hadith" by Imam Nawawi or works written by one of the most prominent and influential Islamic philosophers, Abu Hamid Al Ghazali. . On 21 January 2019, a court in the Russian city of Samara banned a translation of the Koran and blacklisted it as extremist – angering many Russian Muslims.'46. On April 22, the Court of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny in Tatarstan designated 163 publications of Nursi's works as extremist, according to the SOVA Center.
In December, we recorded several cases of prosecution under Article 20.29 of the Code of Administrative Offenses due to the dissemination of Islamic material on the Internet.
Societal attitudes
Attitudes and experiences
Unlike Muslims who move to other European countries, Central Asians share a cultural background with many Russians and often speak their language fluently. Despite being labeled as blue-collar workers, many Central Asians work as software engineers, designers, doctors, and scientists. About 800,000 [Central Asians] have been granted Russian nationality, and their presence in the already multi-ethnic country of 143 million has contributed to Russia's cultural diversity and economic growth, said Sergey Abashin, an anthropologist and migration analyst at the European University in Saint Petersburg. .'69.
Pew Research Center does not take policy positions.70 In October 2019, Pew Research Center reported that. Russia …’71 The report said that 76% of respondents had a favorable opinion of Muslims in their country, while 19% had an unfavorable opinion72.
High-profile Muslims
Action taken by the state
- Introduction
- Presidential and governmental views
- Non-traditional Islam and the state’s approach
- Extremism: misuse of law
- Extremism: consequences of investigations and convictions
- Russian citizens abroad
- Other state actions
- Schools
In a speech broadcast on Russian television and widely covered by Russian media, Putin proclaimed that the mosque would become a spiritual center for all of Russia's Muslims and "a source of enlightenment, the spread of humane ideas and true, authentic Islamic values." The mosque would unite "not only Muslims but people of other faiths in the name of a common common good," he added, while stressing that the Koran calls on believers to "vie with one another in virtuous deeds."'79. Traditional Islam is an integral part of the Russian cultural code, and the Muslim Ummah [community] is undoubtedly a very important component of the multinational Russian people,” he said.’81. Muslim clerical authorities, as well as their government counterparts, often accuse Muslims of being "Wahhabi" - the Saudi-born approach to Sunni Islam that has become closely associated with militancy - based on nothing more than a certain kind of beard or trousers. .
That fear only grew with the experience of the two Chechen Wars and other conflicts across the Caucasus. They mention the many natives of the North Caucasus on the battlefield fighting for ISIS. Russian President Vladimir Putin has stated that traditional Islam is an integral part of the Russian cultural code and an essential component of Russia's cosmopolitanism.
They mention the many natives of the North Caucasus on the battlefield fighting for ISIS.... Sudimost expires at the end of. the probationary period for those who received suspension. 34;Anyone can end up [on the new unified register]," says Aleksandr Verchovsky of the SOVA Center in Moscow.'95.
Two of the Red Notices were against followers of the Turkish Muslim theologian Said Nursi.
Law enforcement
Police and security forces
After Kim's release from prison in 2019, authorities charged him with violating immigration law and ordered him deported to Uzbekistan. Regional and municipal departments of education oversee this curriculum at the local level in accordance with their ability to offer the courses and according to the religious composition of the given place.'101. A typical tactic of law enforcement agencies in Russia and Central Asia is to plant drugs and ammunition while searching the homes and cars of "new Muslims." Victims are then arrested and given the choice between a long prison sentence or buying their freedom.
Often, if a known Islamic activist is out of the country, law enforcement agencies will organize a surprise search of that person's home, where a hand grenade or ammunition is planted. They went underground and many died in the course of counter-terrorism operations by local law enforcement, internal troops and special ops units, many of whom used army-style armored vehicles and large-caliber weapons.’104. The officers reportedly took a total of 140 people to police stations, where they released Russian nationals afterwards.
State protection
Impunity
Arrests, sentencing and detention
- Political prisoners
- Arrests, sentencing and imprisonment: Hizb ut-Tahrir
- Arrests, sentencing and imprisonment: Tablighi Jamaat
- Arrests, sentencing and imprisonment: Followers of Said Nursi
- Treatment in detention
Left Russia after completing prison terms: 2 people (2 Muslims Forum 18 noted that those prosecuted under Article 282 of the Criminal Code. The court found six additional defendants guilty of participating in the activities of the cell and sentenced them to imprisonment sentenced to terms of 11 to 12 Early in March, the Southern District Military Court handed down a sentence under Article 205.5 Part 2 CC (participation in the activities of a terrorist organization) and Article 278 CC with Article 30 Part 1 CC (preparation for violent takeover) pronounced on five supporters of the radical Islamist party Hizb ut-Tahrir.
He was found guilty of involvement in the activities of the radical Islamic party Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is banned in Russia as a terrorist organization.'121. We consider it incorrect to characterize the spread of the ideology of Hizb ut-Tahrir as propaganda or. Two sentences under article 282.2 of the Criminal Code (organizing the activities of an extremist organization or participating in it) were given to followers of Tablighi Jamaat, a peaceful movement of Islamic preachers known as extremist in Russia.
Instead of the fines imposed by the district court, Sultan Dyusekenov was sentenced to two years in a minimum security penal colony under Article 282.2, Part 1 CC. A newly opened criminal case of involvement in Tablighi Jamaat under Article 282.2 Part 2 CC against three residents of Dagestan was reported in the second half of the month.'126. Muslims who meet to study the writings of the late Turkish theologian Said Nursi may also be prosecuted under the Extremism Act for organizing or participating in "Nurdzhular's" activities.
According to investigators, the suspect, a 35-year-old resident of the republic, “participated in meetings to discuss the.
Avenues of redress
Religious freedom
Vladimir Osechkin, head of the "Gulagu.net" project, has called on Ramzan Kadyrov, who positions himself as a protector of Muslims, to intervene in this situation.'142. Physical abuse of suspects by police officers was said to be systematic and usually occurred within the first few days of arrest in detention facilities. Reports from human rights groups and former police officers indicated that police most often used electric shocks, strangulation, and stretching or pressure on joints and ligaments because these methods were considered less likely to leave visible marks.
According to the Citizens' Aid Committee, prisoners in the North Caucasus complained of ill-treatment, unreasonable punishment, religious and ethnic harassment, and inadequate medical care. In the North Caucasus region, there were widespread reports that security forces abused and tortured both suspected militants and civilians in detention centers.”143. The law gives individuals and organizations the right to bring religious freedom cases to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg, France.
The Home Office's National Policy and Information Group uses some standardized ToRs by topic, which are then adapted to the country in question. Caucasian Knot, details of torture of Muslims in Kalmyk colony prompt appeal to Kadyrov, 18 August 2022. Council of Europe (CE), Russia ceases to be a party to the European Convention on Human Rights on 16 September 2022, 23 March 2022 .
SOVA Center Statement for the Session on Promoting and Protecting Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at ODIHR 30th Anniversary Conference / October / 2021 / Conference Papers and Other Documents / Misuse of anti-extremism, October 15, 2021.
