Prepoznavam, da je to religiozni jezik in da izjavljam nekaj podobnega kot (Shakespeare v Macbethu) 'v veliki roki Boga stojim'. Podobno kot Walt Whitman je razmišljal, da je v komunikaciji živali in njihovem vede- nju neka naivnost, neka preprostost, ki jo je človek izgubil.
Gregory Bateson
Po drugi svetovni vojni je sodeloval na znamenitih Macy konferencah, kjer je s sku- pino vodilnih znanstvenikov takratnega časa postavil temelje kibernetiki in sistemskim teorijam, v katerih je videl možno podlago za korekcijo tistih spoznavnih navad, ki so se v zahodni kulturi razširile do patoloških razsežnosti, npr. Nedvomno globlje ravni uma vodijo znanstvenika ali umetnika k izkušnjam in mislim, pomembnim za reševa- nje tistih problemov, ki so na nek način njegovi.
Batesonovi v kolidžu svetega Janeza (St. John's college) (1859-1922)
V razvoju modrosti, ki jo je opredelil kot znanje o širšem interaktivnem sistemu, je videl alternativo eksponentno rastoči kulturi strahu. Kako je prišel do novih, nepričakovanih povezav, do lastne integracije, ki jo je poimenoval »nova epistemologija«.
Družinski predniki Gregoryja Batesona
Lahko je bila posledica neželene nosečnosti; Beatrice je poskušala splaviti, a je bil Gregory trmast. Pouk je bil dolgočasen in ni čudno, da so otroci malo zanimali šport.
Nevidni znanstvenik (1922-1979) Študij na Cambridgeu
Gregory se je pridružil Radcliffe-Brownu v pojmovanju, da je orga nizacija družbe analogna organizaciji organizma. To je bil verjetno tudi izraz globoke ambivalence, ki se je vlekla skozi celo njegovo življenje.
Gregory Bateson –
Bateson's ideas in The Steps are contextualized against the time of his first publication and the first revisions of his book. This article is inspired by the forthcoming publication of the book Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972) written forty-seven years ago by Gregory Bateson and now translated into Slovenian. The combination of rigorous (logically correct and complete) thinking of the author (logically correct and complete) and free (lively, calm, open to inspiration) is demonstrated in what is called a metalog - a special form of dialogue constructed in the Steps as a conversation between Bateson—a father and his daughter that can be interpreted as a precursor to the later dialogical and narrative systems therapy approaches known as the 'unknowing position'.
Schismogenesis and cybernetic epistemology in theory and everyday life
This article re-examines Gregory Bateson, a biologist, anthropologist, cyberneticist and epistemologist, and his most famous work Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972). The main purpose of the article is to answer the following question: What can an almost half-century-old work, encompassing thirty-five years of the author's essayistic legacy, tell a contemplative person in our contemporary globalized world. The intellectual public, including many reviewers (e.g. Slobodkin, who wrote a review of Steps in 1974), has defined Bateson as one of the most misunderstood thinkers and scientists of the 20th century, and often also comments on his sometimes very demanding writing style and interpretation his at the time unusually complex way of thinking as too abstract to be theoretically comprehensible and practically realizable.
Contradictory responses to double bind theory
Bateson and his colleagues emphasized their understanding that the behavior of a person caught in a "double bind" relational pattern is his or her self-corrective, most successful adjustment to a person's interpretation of the situation. In the following years, Bateson repeatedly explained his original understanding of the development of communication paradoxes. Bateson warned against the reification of the 'double bind' metaphor, as it is only an idea, a construct of a pattern, not a thing in the human mind.
Traces of Bateson's ideas in contemporary sciences
If such communication relationships keep repeating themselves within the same interpersonal relationship, where a person takes the role of a 'victim', his or her behavior may become trapped in a habit of a 'double bind' with no possibility of breaking out of it and a person may develop symptoms of a mental disorder diagnosed as schizophrenia. Arguably, it is not Bateson's double bind theory that is contradictory, but its reified interpretation, constructed and then heavily criticized by theorists and practitioners who 'applied' it in their clinical work. Four decades after the steps, Bateson's daughter Nora Bateson (Bateson & Sieburg, 2011) defines a 'social double bind', referring to the self-reinforcing, paradoxical relationship between the problem of social inequalities and failed attempts to solve the problem by increasing economic growth leads to even more social inequalities.
Conclusion
In response to many critical voices against that theory, the authors (Bateson et al., 1963) wrote another article arguing that they did not propose their concept as an absolute explanation for the origin and maintenance of every psychotic disorder, but rather as a plausible hypothesis comparable to others, i.e. possible desirable ways out of such 'double binds' are suggested by contemporary transdisciplinary movements usually related to ecosystems and ecosocial perspectives regarding our current living conditions (Fine et al., 2008; Laurie et al., 2016; Steffen et al., 2015). Although promising, the creators of these movements seem to be unfamiliar with Bateson's visionary concepts, such as ecosystem epistemology and his many metaphors for humanity's much-needed ecological awareness of interdependence with nature as we live on our planet for the want to preserve future. generations of all life forms.
Koraki k ekologiji uma od časa izida do danes
Poskušal bom oceniti tudi trenutni vpliv Batesonovih idej, predstavljenih v knjigi Steps to the Ecology of Mind, na področjih, ki jih je raziskoval. V desetletjih po izidu knjige so različni recenzenti Gregoryja Batesona večkrat označili za enega najbolj nerazumljenih mislecev in znanstvenikov dvajsetega stoletja. Za kratko, a pronicljivo razpravo sta vredna branja dva članka, ki ju je Stagoll napisal z vidika družinske terapije v počastitev že omenjene Batesonove 100-letnice in antropološkega vidika, na primer predstavljenega v prvi biografiji tedanjega Batesonovega novega študent, Lipset (1980), za slovenske bralce pa jo je povzel Možina (1991; . in v posodobljeni obliki ponovno objavil v tej številki Kairosa).
Shizmogeneza ter kibernetska epistemologija v teoriji in vsakdanjem življenju
Eden prvih recenzentov Korakov je bil Slobodkin (1974), ki so ga Batesonove ideje navdihovale pri njegovem lastnem ukvarjanju z evolucijsko teorijo in je v zvezi s tem objavil članek. Globoko je bil tudi nesrečen zaradi odnosa, ki so ga imeli pripadniki zavezniške vojske do lokalnega prebivalstva. Z izvirno analizo je pokazal, kako bi lahko učinkovitost AA - ki so do takrat (in morda še danes) širom po svetu v primerjavi z drugimi programi pomagali največjemu številu zasvojenih z alkoholom - razumeli na podlagi kibernetske epistemologije.
Nasprotujoči si odzivi na teorijo dvojne vezi
Študij kibernetske epistemologije in na njej temelječih komunikacijskih praks na psihiatrični kliniki za vojne veterane v Palo Altu, ob hkratnem delu z alkoholiki v terapevtskem okolju AA, je Batesonu, depresivnemu po nedavni ločitvi od Margaret Mead (Stagol v novo ustvarjalno skupino), odprl vrata. V osnovnih pravilih delovanja AA je prepoznal njegovo praktično uporabo, čeprav AA omenjenih načel ni izpeljal iz kibernetske teorije, temveč na podlagi svojih življenjskih izkušenj in intuicije.Bateson je bil vedno nezaupljiv do vseh vrst 'taktik moči' in namerno načrtoval terapevtske posege na kateri koli ravni (velikosti, kompleksnosti) sistema, saj je to razumel kot neželeno vračanje k zastarelemu darvinističnemu modelu 'preživetja in prevlade najmočnejšega', sam pa je zagovarjal idejo 'medsebojnega prilagajanja'. ' ali 'medsebojno spreminjanje' (koevolucija) soobstoječih organizmov (Stagoll, 2006).
Sledi Batesonovih idej v sodobnih znanostih
V letih ustanavljanja Fakultete za psihoterapevtsko znanost v Ljubljani (Možina) so naši slovenski in hrvaški kolegi v Mednarodni šoli kibernetike psihoterapije - sistemski pristop razdelili naš prejšnji izobraževalni sistem na dve samostojni enoti in naše sodelovanje se nadaljuje (Možina & Makovec, 2010; Možina et al., 2011. Na žalost so Batesonove ideje, ki izhajajo iz njegove ekosistemske epistemologije, učinkovito sodelovanje (Kobal Čačinovič Vogrinčič et al., 2005; Možina, 2013).
Sklep
So young and already psychotherapists: Academization of psychotherapy in Slovenia and direct study of psychotherapy science at the Faculty of psychotherapy science of Sigmund Freud University in Ljubljana]. Social work with psychiatric patients in Slovenia: The emergence of user organizations and the dialectic between control strategy and help strategy. Sinergetika soustvarjanja šujanja in pomoči v šoli [Synergetics of Co-creating Learning and Help in School].
Toward an ecological responsibility
Bateson’s aesthetic sensibility as a guiding principle for therapeutic relationships
Bolj kot preučujemo delovanje uma, ključno vlogo odnosov in dobro počutje skupnosti, bližje smo temu, kar je Bateson imenoval estetska občutljivost.
Introduction
Relationships and the mind
To summarize, people are at the same time auto-referential in their cognition processes and open to change and development through their constant and inescapable relationships within the world in which they live. Early attachment relationships are supposed to represent a crucial moment in the development of an appropriate balance in terms of the regulation of both emotions and interpersonal relationships, and indeed many psychopathological features show an imbalance in such functions (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2012) . Nevertheless, attachment relationships – as with all relationships that are important across the life cycle – must be framed within the broader picture of family or social relationships.
The therapist in context
Moreover, given that patients and therapists are part of a larger network of relationships—and thus a therapeutic system within cultural, social, and environmental domains—this is also consistent with Bateson's view of control, since “in no system that shows mental characteristics, may possibly part has unilateral control over the whole” (Bateson, 1972, p. 316). Relational psychotherapists must thus be particularly aware of themselves, both in terms of their inner feelings and their position and role in the community and the social context. Therapists have no power on their own; their power lies in how they use their competencies within the therapeutic relationship, and a genuine and competent therapeutic relationship is a powerful tool and a powerful model for promoting insight into what makes a healthy relationship.
Therapeutic responsibility in context
Any effort to improve emotion regulation, assertiveness, or any other skill related to individual well-being must be balanced and supported by strengthening relational competencies, as all these variables of psychological functioning are closely interdependent as mentioned above. A fundamental goal of therapy is thus to promote what Mona Fishbane (2001) calls "willingness to be relational." Psychotherapists must be aware of what supports psychological well-being and be willing to share information with patients.
Conclusions
Obstaja nekaj razredov, ki niso sami sebi člani.« Vendar je opazil, da je njegov razred. Tri četrtine časa je porabil za to, za kar je bil nagrajen v prejšnji lekciji. To pomeni, da je prišlo do diskontinuiranega skoka v logični obliki učenja navzgor na naslednjo stopnjo.
Diskusija
Previdno je izbrala trenutek, da mu ni vrgla ribe, ko je delfin mislil, da ravna prav, a ni. Bateson je mislil na večerjo po izpitu v čast Mednarodnega združenja za transakcijsko analizo - ITAA, ki potrjuje izpite. Ob tem se lahko zaveš, da je v celotnem diskurzu o nadvladi duha nad materijo nekaj absurdnega.
Epistemology of organization 2
It is the nature of being an organism that we go towards the optimum rather than the maximum. Recently we were debating at the University of California about the Lawrence Labs problem. One of the interesting points about the pig is that we couldn't get the trainer to obey the rules.
Discussion
V kasnejših delih, na primer v Odgovoru Jobu je uporabljal razlikovanje med Creaturo in Pleromo na tak način, da je vključeval svoje arhetipe v Pleromo. Trdim tudi, da je Jungova trditev o povezavi med Pleromo in Creaturo veliko bolj zdrav prvi korak. V mislih imam univerzalno okoliščino, da je stičišče med Creaturo in Pleromo primer razlike med »zemljevidom« in »teritorijem«.
In tudi v uvodnem predavanju na konferenci Beyond the Double Bind, ki jo je imel marca 1977 v New Yorku - kjer je opisal korake, ki jih je naredil, da bi prišel do nove znanosti, ki jo je imenoval epistemologija. In ko terapevt domneva, da je njegovo ali njeno razumevanje enako kot pacientovo, je morda že napaka, blokada tega, kar lahko terapija doseže. Prepričan sem, da je vaša izbira bogatejša in večja od vsega, kar si lahko predstavljam.
A conversation about the epistemology proposed by Gregory Bateson 2
And when I read Gregory Bateson's material, what impresses me is that he can demonstrate that there is legitimacy in using the concept of the mind. And that he overcomes dualism in such a way as to show that it is not idealism or materialism – that you don't have to choose either side – that there are some things that are valid in both positions. N: — of his life and his father's work and the nature of the social and linguistic paradigms when he could find what resonated and what didn't.
