[PDF] Top 20 Holocene changes in African vegetation: tradeoff between climate and water availability

... found in a given group ...taxa in the Sahelian group (Table S2 in the ...the vegetation using a 500- or 1000-year time in- terval from 15 cal ka BP to the ...groups in order to ... See full document

... differences in climatic conditions for 6 k and 0 k induce large-scale land cover changes ...simulated vegetation changes are assigned to four categories, namely forest, shrub, grass ... See full document

... only in the mid-Holocene or pre-industrial cli- ...of vegetation, MLC and wetlands on North African climate during the mid- Holocene, but using present-day sea-surface ... See full document

... dynamic vegetation cover through modifi- cation of surface latent heat fluxes and low-level temperature ...cola and Cook (2008) who found a close link between Saharan/Sahelian ... See full document

... nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves are also functional differential aspects of phenological groups, and are important indicators of nutritional status of woody plants (Nardoto et ...2006). ... See full document

... Regarding water availability, Dalri & Cruz (2008) verified that the highest yields were found in irrigated plots in third- cut sugarcane, variety ...increase in sugarcane yield when ... See full document

... to decrease over some regions including East Asia but increases over some others such as eastern United States, South Asia, and Central Africa, which is largely driven by changes in population, ... See full document

... Cerrado vegetation, is comprised of a mosaic of physiognomies that vary from open fields to closed ...Cerrado vegetation, known as Cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.), where shrubs and small trees are ... See full document

... solving in- creasing water demands for urban, industrial and ag- ricultural growth, potential conflicts generated by the supply versus demand status, and the advance of eco- system degradation ... See full document

... include vegetation dy- namics do not agree on the sign of precipitation anomalies in the Sahel region (Cook and Vizy, ...dependent and other ... See full document

... lands and a most common range of 20–40 KgC (KgN) −1 (de Vries et ...fraction in the range of 12–17 % (12 % for 8N–1N and 17 % for 2N– 1N) and the remaining N is lost to atmosphere through den- ... See full document

... basin in the south of ...flows and stochastic modeling to generate 1000 hydrological series with equal probability of ...developed in which monthly flow is the ... See full document

... beachrock in the upper foreshore at the Armação de Pêra Bay (5 853 to 4 017 yr cal BP: ...5 and Table 1) supports our view that the RMSL was higher than the present of about 1 m (admitting the same tidal ... See full document

... forests and coastal mangrove swamps, inland peatlands are often regarded as species-poor ...diversity and the associated variation in wetness can make them more diverse than the surrounding habitats ... See full document

... increasing in the water retention of the soil studied with the load applied to the soil, as it was also reported by SEVERIANO et ...increments in the moisture content in the PR soil, on the ... See full document

... described in King & Healt ...composition in the total biomass were determined using the pondered mean of the respective values obtained in aerial and subterraneous ... See full document

... arise in a situation where all pastoralists have identical, real time information about where vegetation and water resources are currently available, and about the ac- cess to ... See full document

... BP and a pre-industrial time slice using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) including a Bulk Aerosol Model (CAM4- ...BAM). Vegetation was set to pre-industrial conditions ac- cording to PMIP/CMIP ... See full document

... infrastructure and structures supporting the livelihood of many Paciic island ...century, climate change is expected to reduce their water supplies to the point where they become insuicient to meet ... See full document

... selected in each ...centred in the stump, was exca- vated down to 80 cm depth, separating the 0–20, 20– 50 and 50–80 cm ...Stumps and taproots were extracted ...sifted in place through ... See full document