Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦɨɜ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ.
GGoorrbbaacchhuukk II.. TT..,, StStaarriikkoovv S.S. MM.. ReResseeaarrcchh ooff ɟɟkkssrrtteemmuummɟɟss ooff sshhoorrttiinngg anandd bbrreeaakkiinngg inin ththee eleleeccttrriicc cciirrclclee ooff ssoouurrccee ooff ddiirreecctt--cucurrrerenntt wwhhiicchh ccoonnttaaiinnss aaccttiivvee rreessiissttaannccee aanndd ccaappaacciittyy..
The paper presents the results of a study of fleeting electromagnetic processes in the circuit DC containing resistance and capacitance. Experimental studies were conducted using a universal computer- measuring system with an analog-digital converter. The results are analyzed in the framework presented in the theory. The studies were performed in real time.
Keywords: studies of physics at higher school, research of ɟksrtemumes, source of electric current.
ɍȾɄ 383.03 (07)
Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɱɭɤ Ɉ. Ɇ.
Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɟɞɠ ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ ɬɚ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɭ ȼɉȼɉɅɅɂɂȼȼ ɋɋɌɌɊɊɍɍɄɄɌɌɍɍɊɊɂɂ ɇɇȺȺȼȼɑɑȺȺɅɅɖɇɖɇɂɂɏɏ ɎɎȱȱɁɁɂɂɑɑɇɇɂɂɏɏ ɁȺɁȺȾȾȺȺɑɑ
ɇȺɇȺ ɉȱɉȱȾȾȽȽɈɈɌɌɈɈȼȼɄɄɍɍ ɆɆȺȺɃɃȻȻɍɍɌɌɇɇȱȱɏɏ ȻɍȻɍȾȾȱȱȼȼȿȿɅɅɖɖɇɇɂɂɄɄȱȱȼȼ
ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɿ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɡ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ, ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɿ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ) ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɡ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ.
ȼɱɟɧɿ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɸ “ɡɚɞɚɱɚ” ɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɜɨʀ ɞɟɮɿɧɿɰɿʀ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɧɿ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ, ɧɿ ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ Ɍ. Ⱥ. ȱɥɶʀɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ, ɳɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɰɟ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ, ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨʀ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ [5].
“Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ – ɰɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ
ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɢ” – ɬɚɤ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɜ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɡɚɞɚɱɚ” ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɤɧɢɡɿ “Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ” ɜɿɞɨɦɢɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤ Ⱦ. ɉɨɣɚ [10].
ȱ. ȱ. ȱɥɶɹɫɨɜ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ, ɳɨ “ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɰɟ ɜɢɦɨɝɚ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɚɣɬɢ ɹɤɿɫɶ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ (ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ) ɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɰɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɚɛɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɹɤɢɣɫɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ (ɩɨɛɭɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨɫɶ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯɨɫɶ ɭɦɨɜ ɬɨɳɨ) ”[6].
Ɉ. Ɇ. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɽɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ “ɡɚɞɚɱɚ” – ɹɤ “ɰɿɥɶ, ɡɚɞɚɧɭ ɭ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ”
[8, c. 266].
Ɂ’ɹɫɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɏɪɿɞɦɚɧ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɹɤ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨ- ɫɢɦɜɨɥɿɱɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɭɹɜɧɨʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɜɿɞɲɭɤɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ) [16, c. 24] ɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɽ, ɳɨ ɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ, “ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɣ”. Ɍɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɽ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ “ɹɤ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɣ” [15, c. 5-6]. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɬɢ ʀʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ.
ɍ “Ɏɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɿɣ ɟɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɿʀ” ɩɿɞ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɸɬɶ “ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɿɣɤɭ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɿ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɭ, ɿɧɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɧɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ” [13].
“Ɏɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ” ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɹɤ “ɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɿ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɳɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɹɤ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɦɿɠ ʀʀ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɰɢɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ” [14]. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɨɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɽ ɰɿɥɿɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ.
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɱɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɹɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɘ. Ɇ. Ʉɭɥɸɬɤɿɧ [7] ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ:
– ɭɦɨɜɭ, ɡɚɞɚɧɭ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɸ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɜ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ
ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹɯ;
– ɜɢɦɨɝɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɲɭɤɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬ ɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ.
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɹɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɽ ʀʀ ɡɦɿɫɬ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɭɽ, ɹɤɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɭ ɫɨɛɿ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ. Ɂ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɇ. Ɇ. Ɍɭɥɶɤɿɛɚɽɜɚ ɬɥɭɦɚɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɹɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɹɤɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɧɭ ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɦɢ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ [12].
ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿɜ ɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɜɛɚɱɚɽ ɬɪɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ. Ɍɚɤ, Ɇ. Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɶɮɚɧɞ ɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽ ɮɚɛɭɥɭ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɿ ɬɚ ɲɭɤɚɧɿ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ), ɞɚɧɿ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɭɦɨɜɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ [2]. Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɏɪɿɞɦɚɧ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɡ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ, ɹɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽ ɹɤ “ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɢɯ ɞɿɣ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɳɨɛ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ʀʀ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ” [15]. Ɏ. Ɏ. Ⱥɪɞɭɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɸɽ: 1) ɦɟɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɫ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɞɟɹɤɭ ɞɿɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ; 2) ɭɦɨɜɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬ, ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɚ ɞɿɹ; 3) ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɠ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɿ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ, ɹɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɭ ɫɨɛɿ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ [1]. ȱ. ə. Ʌɟɪɧɟɪ ɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɜɛɚɱɚɽ: ɭɦɨɜɭ, ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɦɨɝɭ ɿ ɲɥɹɯ ɞɨ ʀʀ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɦɿɠ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ [9]. ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ Ⱥ. Ɇ. ɋɨɯɨɪɚ [11], ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ – ɰɟ, ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ʀʀ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɰɿ (ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿ) ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɚɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ:
1) ɭɦɨɜɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ (ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ; ʀɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɧɿɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ; ɜ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɢ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɥɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ);
2) ɜɢɦɨɝɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ (ɲɭɤɚɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɨʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ: ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ; ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ; ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɳɨ).
ɐɿɤɚɜɢɦ ɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɦ ɽ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɡ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɦ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɦɢ, ɚ ɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɤɨ ɞɚɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɡɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɤɚɡɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɹɤɿ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢɫɶ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ:
1. ɓɨ ɫɥɭɝɭɽ (ɜɢɛɪɚɧɨ) ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ: ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ ɡ ɩɟɜɧɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɿɛ
ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ, ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɫɬɚɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫ, ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ, ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ, ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ, ɩɪɢɥɚɞ?
2. əɤɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ, ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɬɨɳɨ?
3. əɤɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɸ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɰɟ ɹɜɢɳɟ, ɹɤɢɣ
ɡɚɤɨɧ ɿ ɹɤɚ ɬɟɨɪɿɹ ɨɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ?
4. əɤɿ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɿ? əɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɽ ɫɬɚɥɢɦɢ?
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɰɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɮɿɥɟɦ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ: ɞɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ, ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɿɜ, ȾȻɇ, Ȼɇɿɉ ɬɨɳɨ.
ɇɚɜɿɬɶ ɧɟ ɞɭɠɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɿ, ɛɟɡ ɞɪɿɛɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɢɰɶ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɡ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ.
ɍɦɨɜɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ – ɰɟ “ɡɝɨɪɧɭɬɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ”, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ. ɋɚɦɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɜɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɽ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɬɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ (ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɱɢ ɭɱɧɹ) ɭ ɩɨɲɭɤɚɯ ɜɢɯɨɞɭ.
Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɿ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɜɨɯ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ: ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɥɶɧɨʀ, ɹɤɚ ɧɟɫɟ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɩɪɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɧɧɹ, ɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ. ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ (ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ) ɬɪɟɛɚ ɩɨɜɧɿɲɟ ɿ ɱɿɬɤɿɲɟ ɨɩɢɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɟ ɹɜɢɳɟ, ɳɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ. Ȼɚɠɚɧɨ, ɳɨɛ
ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɨ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɨɝɨ, ɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɡ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ, ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɟ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɬɬɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɦɿɠ ɞɚɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɲɭɤɚɧɢɦɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ.
Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɸ ɿ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɸ. ɇɟ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ. əɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɨɛɢɞɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿ, ɬɨ ɬɨɞɿ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɠɧɟ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ, ɡɚɞɚɸɱɢ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨ. Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɟ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɍɨɦɭ, ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɭ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɫɥɿɞ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɧɸ ɲɭɤɚɧɨʀ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɸ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ.
Ɉɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɧɚɣɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿɲɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɽ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ.
ɉɨɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɚɽ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɜɲɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ʀɯɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɸ.
ɍ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ: “əɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ…, ɡɧɚɣɬɢ (ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ) ɬɚ “Ɂɧɚɣɬɢ (ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ), ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ….”. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɨɸ ɬɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ. Ɂɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɽ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿɲɨɸ, ɧɿɠ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ.
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɱɢ ʀʀ ɦɟɠɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɹɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɿɜ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ i ɬ.iɧ.), ɹɤi ɛɟɪɭɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɿʀ, ɩɪɨ ɹɤɭ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ. Ʌɢɲɟ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɰɿɽʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɚɽ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɭ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɞiɹɥɶɧɨɫɬi [4].
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ:
“ɉɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɿɨɧɟɪ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɭ ɳɨɝɨɞɢɧɢ 552 ɦ
3ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ, ɹɤɟ ɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɜɭɥɢɰɿ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ 30Ûɋ ɬɚ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɫɬɿ 70% ɿ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɿɨɧɟɪɿ ɞɨ 5Ûɋ, ɚ ɜ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɿ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ 20Ûɋ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɦɚɫɭ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ 30 ɯɜ.
ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɿɨɧɟɪɚ. əɤɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɝɿɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɢ?”
[3].ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɽɦɨ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬ
(
ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɿɨɧɟɪ)
, ɭɦɨɜɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɱɢ ɫɚɦɟ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɟ ɹɜɢɳɟ(
ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ)
, ɚ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɽɦɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ(
ɹɤɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɝɿɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɢ?)
, ɫɬɚɜɢɦɨ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ(
ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɦɚɫɭ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ)
. Ɍɚɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹ ɽ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɸ, ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɬɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɸ.ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ, ɜ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɧɚ ɧɚɰɿɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɞiɹɥɶɧɨɫɬi, ɳɨ ɽ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɞiɹɥɶɧɨɫɬi ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ ɞiɹɥɶɧɨɫɬi (“ɡɚɞɚɱɧɚ ɩɨɞɿɹ”) [4].
Ɂɦɿɫɬɨɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɿ ɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɸ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɡɿɛɪɚɬɢɫɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ (ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɱɢ ɭɱɧɸ). Ⱥɥɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɭ ɬɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɿɽʀ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ.
əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɡɚɱɚɫɨɜɨɫɬɿ (ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɿɹ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨɫɶ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɣɨɝɨ ɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ): “
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɜɚɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɭ ɛɚɥɨɤ ɡɦɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɿɡɭ
ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɩɪɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɤɪɚɣɨɜɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ….”; “ɍ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɥɟɜɢɯ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɩɪɭɠɧɿ ɜɢɝɢɧɢ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɩɟɬɟɥɶ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ…..”
.Ɏɨɪɦɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɡɚɱɚɫɨɜɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɿ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ ɭ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ-ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ (ɜɫɹ ɭɜɚɝɚ ɡɨɫɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɿʀ, ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬ ʀʀ ɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɡɚ ɭɜɚɝɨɸ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ) ɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɱɧɢɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɬ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ: “
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɩɚɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɿɜ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ ɥɚɦɩɭ ɪɨɡɠɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɩɥɚɜ
“ɩɥɚɬɢɧɿɬ“, ɹɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɿ ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ, ɹɤ ɫɤɥɨ. ɓɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɶ,
ɹɤɳɨ ɜɩɚɹɬɢ ɜ ɫɤɥɨ ɦɿɞɧɢɣ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞ?…”; “ȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɜɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɜ ɬɪɚɧɲɟɸ
ɯɜɢɥɟɩɨɞɿɛɧɨ (“ɡɦɿɣɤɨɸ”) ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɦɿɰɧɨɫɬɿ 1-3% ɜɿɞ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɰɟɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ?”.
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ ɜɢɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɢɤ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɢ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɸ, ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɬɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɜ’ɹɡɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɿɧɮɿɧɿɬɢɜɧɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɭ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨɫɬɿ:
“Ⱦɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɳɨ.... Ɂɧɚɣɬɢ... Ɉɛɱɢɫɥɢɬɢ...
”.
“
ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ, ɱɨɦɭ ɡɚɥɿɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɿ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ, ɧɟ ɞɢɜɥɹɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ, ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ, ɩɨɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɨɞɧɟ ɰɿɥɟ. ”;
“
Ɂɧɚɣɬɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɜɢɫɨɬɭ ɛɭɞɿɜɥɿ ɿɡ ɰɟɝɥɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɦɟɠɚ ɦɿɰɧɨɫɬɿ ɰɟɝɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɫɤ 1,5·10
7ɉɚ, ʀʀ ɝɭɫɬɢɧɚ 1,8·10
3ɤɝ/ɦ
3, ɚ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɦɿɰɧɨɫɬɿ n=6.” –
ɫɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɿ ɦɨɞɟɥɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɿɡ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɧɮɿɧɿɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ.ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɨ-ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɿɣ ɛɭɞɨɜɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ – ɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɭɞɠɟɧɶ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɿɝ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɱɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿʀ: “
ȼ ɛɭɞɿɜɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɯ
ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶɤɚɧɚɬɢ ɞɜɨɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ: ɚɛɨ ɥɢɲɟ ɿɡ ɞɪɨɬɢɧɨɤ, ɚɛɨ ɿɡ ɞɪɨɬɢɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ. ɑɨɦɭ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɬɿɜ
ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɞɪɿɬ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɚ? Ⱦɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɬɿ?”
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɿɥɟɣ, ɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɟɦ (ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ), ɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ʀɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ – ɡɚɩɨɪɭɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ.
ȼ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɪ ɢ ɫ ɬ ɚ ɧ ɚ ɥ ɿ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɚ ɬ ɭ ɪ ɚ:
1. Ⱥɪɞɭɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ɏ. Ɏ. ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ : ɞɢɫ. ɤɚɧɞ. ɩɟɞ.
ɧɚɭɤ : 13.00.01 “Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ” / Ⱥɪɞɭɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ɏɥɸɡɚ Ɏɚɧɢɫɨɜɧɚ ; Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ. – ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, 2006. – 301 ɫ.
2. Ƚɟɥɶɮɚɧɞ Ɇ. Ȼ. Ɉ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ / Ɇ. Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɶɮɚɧɞ, ȼ. Ɏ. ɑɭɱɭɤɨɜ // ɇɨɜɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɚɯ. – Ɇ. : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1976. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 36-39.
3. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɱɭɤ Ɉ. ɇɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɝɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ / Ɉ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɱɭɤ // Ɏɿɡɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɿ. – 2010. – ʋ 10. – ɋ. 3-6.
4. ɀɭɤ ɘ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ / ɘ. ɀɭɤ // Ɏɿɡɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɿ. – 1998. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 48-49.
5. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ: Ʉɭɪɫ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞ. ɢɧ-ɬɨɜ / Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1984. – 496 ɫ.
6. ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜ ɂ. ɂ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ / ɂ. ɂ. ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 1992. – 140 ɫ.
7. Ʉɭɥɸɬɤɢɧ ɘ. ɇ. ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ / ɘ. ɇ. Ʉɭɥɸɬɤɢɧ. – Ɇ : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1970. – 232 ɫ.
8. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. – Ɇ. : ɉɨɥɢɬɢɡɞɚɬ, 1975. – 304 ɫ.
9. Ʌɟɪɧɟɪ ɂ. ə. Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ / ɂ. ə. Ʌɟɪɧɟɪ. – Ɇ. : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1981. – 186 ɫ.
10. ɉɨɣɚ Ⱦ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ: ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ / Ⱦ. ɉɨɣɚ. – Ɇ. : ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1976. – 448 ɫ.
11. ɋɨɯɨɪ A. M. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
/ A. M. ɋɨɯɨɪ. – Ɇ. : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1974. – 192 ɫ.
12. Ɍɭɥɶɤɢɛɚɟɜɚ ɇ. ɇ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱ : [ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ]
/ ɇ. ɇ. Ɍɭɥɶɤɢɛɚɟɜɚ. – ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɑȽɉɍ, 2000. – 239 ɫ.
13. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ / ɝɥ. ɪɟɞ. Ɏ. ȼ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɋɨɜ. ɷɧɰɢɤɥ., 1970. – Ɍ. 5.
14. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ. Ɍ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ. – Ɇ. : ɉɨɥɢɬɢɡɞɚɬ, 1987.
15. Ɏɪɢɞɦɚɧ Ʌ. Ɇ. Ʌɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ / Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɏɪɢɞɦɚɧ. – Ɇ. : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1977. – 208 ɫ.
16. Ɏɪɢɞɦɚɧ Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɉ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱ / Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɏɪɢɞɦɚɧ // Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. – 1994. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 24-28.
ȽȽɪɪɢɢɝɝɨɨɪɪɱɱɭɭɤɤ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɆɆ.. ȼɥȼɥɢɢɹɹɧɧɢɢɟɟ ɫɬɫɬɪɪɭɭɤɤɬɬɭɭɪɪɵɵ ɭɱɭɱɟɟɛɛɧɧɵɵɯɯ ɮɢɮɢɡɡɢɢɱɱɟɟɫɫɤɤɢɢɯɯ ɡɚɡɚɞɞɚɚɱɱ ɧɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɨɞɞɝɝɨɨɬɬɨɨɜɜɤɭɤɭ ɛɭɛɭɞɞɭɭɳɳɢɢɯɯ ɫɬɫɬɪɪɨɨɢɢɬɬɟɟɥɥɟɟɣɣ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɟ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
GGrrigigoorrcchhuukk OO.. MM.. IInnfflluueennccee ofof ststrruuccttuurree ofof ededuuccaattiioonnaall phphyyssiiccaall tatasskkss oonn prpreeppaarraattiioonn ofof fufuttuurree bubuiillddeerrss
In the article is considered some aspects of structure of educational physical tasks of a build theme, analise in particular, morphological facilities of style of text of educational task are analysed from physics, methodical recommendations of raising (drafting) of text educational tasks are developed from physics of the noted type.
Keywords: educational task, structure of task, preparation of specialist of a build industry.
ɍȾɄ 373.56
Ƚɪɢɳɟɧɤɨ Ƚ. Ɉ.
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿ Ɇ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ ɄȺɄȺɎɎȿȾȿȾɊɊȱȱ ȿȿɄɄɋɋɉɉȿȿɊɊɂɂɆɆȿȿɇɇɌɌȺȺɅɅɖɖɇɇɈɈȲȲ ȱȱ ɌɌȿȿɈɈɊɊȿȿɌɌɂɂɑɑɇɇɈɈȲȲ ɎȱɎȱɁɁɂɂɄɄɂɂ
ɌȺɌȺ ȺȺɋɋɌɌɊɊɈɈɇɇɈɈɆɆȱȱȲȲ ɇȺɇȺɐɐȱȱɈɈɇɇȺȺɅɅɖɖɇɇɈɈȽȽɈɈ ɉɉȿȿȾȾȺȺȽȽɈɈȽȽȱȱɑɑɇɇɈɈȽȽɈ Ɉ ɍɍɇɇȱȱȼȼȿȿɊɊɋɋɂɂɌɌȿȿɌɌɍɍ ȱ
ȱɆɆȿȿɇɇȱȱ ɆɆ.. ɉɉ.. ȾȾɊɊȺȺȽȽɈɈɆɆȺȺɇɇɈɈȼȼȺȺ 3030 ɊɊɈɈɄɄȱȱȼȼ
ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ, ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿʀ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ 70-ɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɪɿɱɧɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɿ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ ɿɦ. Ɉ. Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ
(ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪ Ⱦɭɳɟɧɤɨ ȼɿɤɬɨɪ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɢɱ) ɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ (ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ Ɇɢɪɝɨɪɨɞɫɶɤɢɣ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧ ɘɪɿɣɨɜɢɱ). Ɂ 1977-78 ɧ.ɪ. ɜ ɋɊɋɊ ɛɭɥɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɿ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿʀ ɡɚ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɡ ɩ’ɹɬɢɪɿɱɧɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɧɟɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɩɟɞɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ, ɹɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɞɨɜɿɪɟɧɨ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ, ɫɬɚɜ ɄȾɉȱ ɿɦ. Ɉ. Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɿ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɚ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɧɢɰɹ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɧɹ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɋɚɧɞɚɤɨɜɚ ȯɜɝɟɧɿɹ ȼɚɫɢɥɿɜɧɚ. ȼɨɧɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɢɦ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɨɦ-ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɟɦ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɚ “Ⱥɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɹ” ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɟɞɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ. ȼ ɄȾɉȱ ɿɦ. Ɉ. Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɚ ɧɟɩɨɝɚɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿʀ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ 150-ɦɦ ɪɟɮɪɚɤɬɨɪ ɮɿɪɦɢ “ɐɟɣɫ”.
ɍ 1983 ɪɨɰɿ ɡɚ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɢɜɨɸ ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɮ. Ⱦɭɳɟɧɤɚ ɉ. ɉ., ɹɤɭ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɥɨ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɭ, ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɞɜɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ: ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɿ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿʀ.
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɿ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɥɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɟɫɧɹ 1983 ɪɨɤɭ. ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ, ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧ ɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɭ ɡ ɮɿɡɢɤɢ.
ȼɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɤ.ɮ.-ɦ.ɧ. ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ȱ. ȱ. Ɍɢɱɢɧɚ, ɤ.ɩ.ɧ. ɞɨɰɟɧɬ