A aplicação do relaxamento no contexto do desporto adaptado

De acordo com Hanrahan (1995b) a respiração abdominal bem como o relaxamento muscular progressivo são as técnicas de relaxamento mais utilizadas para diminuir os níveis de ativação em atletas com deficiência. Mesmo os atletas com pouca ou nenhuma funcionalidade dos músculos abdominais consideram a respiração abdominal um exercício útil. Page e Wayda (2001) referem que nos atletas com paralisia cerebral o relaxamento muscular progressivo é útil para aumentar a consciência corporal relativamente aos grupos musculares afetados e que, de uma forma geral, o relaxamento é extremamente benéfico na redução dos níveis de espasticidade que podem interferir no rendimento desportivo.

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No entanto, o relaxamento muscular progressivo pode ser problemático para atletas com amputação (Hanrahan, 1995a, 1995b). Durante os exercícios de relaxamento muscular progressivo, atletas sem membros ou sem controlo muscular dos músculos podem inadvertidamente ser solicitados a contrair ou relaxar esses músculos (Hanrahan, 1995b) o que pode conduzir a situações de frustração e descontrolo por parte do atleta. Neste sentido, sugere-se que os exercícios de relaxamento muscular progressivo sejam antecipadamente adaptados às características dos atletas individualizando o conteúdo e instruções das gravações. Assim, sugere-se que as referências aos membros amputados ou aos grupos musculares que os atletas não controlam sejam retirados da gravação (Hanrahan, 1995b) Do mesmo modo, nos atletas com paralisia cerebral que evidenciam espasticidade muscular a fase de contração no relaxamento muscular progressivo não deve ser realizada (Hanrahan, 1998). Payge e Wayda (2001) também alertam para o facto de alguns atletas com paralisia cerebral apresentarem distúrbios associados como alterações dos níveis de atenção e das emoções, podendo ser necessário ajustar a duração da sessão pois poderão não conseguir completar totalmente o guião de atividades.

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