5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
5.11 Avaliação da durabilidade do comportamento superhidrofóbico nas fibras de PLA nanorevestidas com nanocompósito PTFE/NPsCaO após lavagem
doméstica e teste de abrasão
A estabilidade das superfícies superhidrofóbicas são um importante obstáculo para suas aplicações práticas e a durabilidade dos tecidos foi avaliada no presente estudo.
Os resultados dos testes de durabilidade da superhidrofobicidade após lavagem doméstica, realizados de acordo com a norma AATCC 61-2003, onde cada ciclo de lavagem equivalerá a 5 lavagens domésticas, indicaram que o tecido de PLA nanorevestido com nanocompósito PTFE/NPsCaO, ainda exibe sua superhidrofobicidade mesmo após 25 ciclos de lavagem com alto ângulo de contato com a água, conforme figura 52.
Figura 52 - Comportamento da superhidrofobicidade do revestimento com nanocompósito PTFE/NPsCaO após ciclos de lavagem
A figura 53(a) mostra as amostras submetidas ao ensaio de abrasão e pode-se observar as regiões de abrasão na amostra. A figura 53(b) mostra a imagem de uma gota de 20 µl sobre o tecido revestido com PTFE/NPsCaO após o teste.
Figura 53 – (a) imagens das amostras após o ensaio de abrasão e (b) imagens das amostras após o ensaio de abrasão com gotas de água sobre o tecido de malha de PLA.
O tecido de malha revestido com o nanocompósito de PTFE/NPsCaO mostra superhidrofobicidade mesmo após 100 ciclos de abrasão conforme figura 54, indicando que a propriedade de repelência a água possui boa estabilidade a abrasão mecânica. Após 100 ciclos de abrasão a amostra de tecido de malha de PLA revestida com o nanocompósito de PTFE/NPsCaO tornou-se hidrofílica perdendo seu caráter superhidrofóbico.
Figura 54 - Comportamento da superhidrofobicidade do revestimento com nanocompósito PTFE/NPsCaO após 100 ciclos de a brasão
6 CONCLUSÕES
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a formação dos revestimentos superhidrofóbicos nanoestruturados de PTFE/NPsCaO em superfícies de fibra de PLA via processo por espuma. As principais conclusões da pesquisa são:
Por meio do processo por espuma, foi possível depositar filmes superhidrofóbicos e autolimpantes de PTFE/NPsCaO sobre as fibras de PLA;
Dentre os parâmetros de processo estudados, a condição de 0,6% (spm) de NPsCaO, 80g/l de PTFE, 140°C e 90 segundos de polimerização resultou no maior valor de ângulo de contato para o revestimento de PTFE/NPsCaO (159,67 ± 1,05°) ideal para superfícies superhidrofóbicas; Os resultados de DRX e FTIR indicaram a presença de PTFE e NPsCaO
sobre a superfície das fibras de PLA, confirmando a deposição do revestimento pelo processo desenvolvido;
As imagens de MEV, MET-EDS e AFM mostraram NPsCaO com formas esféricas, retangulares e alterações morfológicas e topográficas na superfície das fibras de PLA com a deposição do recobrimento;
Os resultados dos testes de repelência aquosa realizados utilizando uma série de soluções de água/álcool isopropílico com diferentes tensões superficiais indicaram repelência da superfície revestida a todas as soluções testadas;
As fibras com o revestimento de PTFE/NPsCaO também apresentaram propriedade de autolimpeza fazendo com que uma gota de água removesse a sujeira da superfície;
O revestimento manteve a superhidrofobicidade mesmo após 25 ciclos de lavagem e 100 ciclos de abrasão;
As nanopartículas de CaO contribuíram para o aumento do ângulo de contato, um incremento em torno de 10°. Com este resultado obteve-se uma superfície superhidrofóbica, o que não foi alcançado utilizando apenas o PTFE.
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