Em praticamente todos os meses de amostragem, as lagoas apresentaram bom estado físico e químico, com valores concordantes com outros estudos para lagos e lagoas alpinas. A nível ecológico, estas lagoas caracterizam-se como tendo boa qualidade ecológica – com a classificação de um bom ou excelente rácio de qualidade ecológica relativamente ao elemento biológico fitoplâncton. O estado trófico das lagoas foi variável ao longo dos meses, mas no geral estas encontram-se maioritariamente em estado de oligotrofia no que diz respeito à clorofila a, como seria de esperar em ambientes remotos e pouco perturbados antropicamente, mas em condições mesotróficas e eutróficas, por vezes, relativamente ao teor em fósforo, o que pode dever ao pastoreio existente nas zonas adjacentes às lagoas.
A utilização de sais na limpeza da neve e gelo das vias de trânsito de acesso aos pontos mais elevados da Serra da Estrela pode ser explicativo dos valores de condutividade elétrica e total de sólidos dissolvidos mais elevados na lagoa 10. No entanto, essa perturbação não afetou negativamente a diversidade das comunidades estudadas (fito e zooplâncton) e o estado trófico e ecológico das lagoas, sendo ainda assim importante uma monitorização contínua do local.
Relativamente ao fitoplâncton, os grupos Cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae e Bacillariophyceae são os que mais se evidenciaram. A lagoa 3 apresenta maior diversidade de géneros fitoplanctónicos e também maior equitabilidade. Em relação à comunidade zooplanctónica, o grupo Cyclopoida foi o mais abundante em todas as lagoas, em todo o período de amostragem. A lagoa 7 apresentou os valores de diversidade e equitabilidade mais elevados. A dinâmica sazonal das comunidades planctónicas apresentou-se diferente às registadas na bibliografia, podendo ser explicado pelas condições abióticas e climatérias extremas características da Serra da Estrela.
Complementarmente, seria interessante a avaliação de outras variáveis ambientais (cloreto de cálcio, cloreto de sódio, matéria orgânica, cobertura por gelo, tipo de sedimento) e também a determinação de interações das comunidades planctónicas com outro tipo de organismos, nomeadamente na comunidade de macroinvertebrados e macrófitas.
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Anexo I – Lista de tipos de habitats e respetivo código da Directiva 92/43/CEE Código Tipo de Habitat
3130 Águas estagnadas, oligotróficas a mesotróficas, com vegetação da
Littorelletea uniflorae e/ou da Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3160 Lagos e charcos distróficos naturais 3170 Charcos temporários mediterrânicos
3260 Cursos de água dos pisos basal a montano com vegetação da Ranunculion
fluitantis e da Callitricho-Batrachion
3290 Cursos de água mediterrânicos intermitentes da Paspalo-Agrostidion 4020 Charnecas húmidas atlânticas temperadas de Erica ciliaris e Erica tetralix 4030 Charnecas secas europeias
4060 Charnecas alpinas e boreais
4090 Charnecas oromediterrânicas endémicas com giestas espinhosas 5120 Formações montanas de Cytisus purgans
5210 Matagais arborescentes de Juniperus spp. 5230 Matagais arborescentes de Laurus nobilis 6160 Prados oro-ibéricos de Festuca indigesta 6230
Formações herbáceas de Nardus, ricas em espécies, em substratos siliciosos das zonas montanas (e das zonas submontanas da Europa continental)
6410 Pradarias com Molinia em solos calcários, turfosos e argilo-limosos (Molinion
caeruleae)
6430 Comunidades de ervas altas higrófilas das orlas basais e dos pisos montano a alpino
6510 Prados de feno pobres de baixa altitude (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba
officinalis)
7110 Turfeiras altas ativas
7120 Turfeiras altas degradadas ainda suscetíveis de regeneração natural 8130 Depósitos mediterrânicos ocidentais e termófilos
8220 Vertentes rochosas siliciosas com vegetação casmofítica
8230 Rochas siliciosas com vegetação pioneira da Sedo-Scleranthion ou da Sedo
albi-Veronicion dillenii
8310 Grutas não exploradas pelo turismo 91B0 Freixiais termófilos de Fraxinus angustifolia
9100 Florestas aluviais de Alnus glutinosa e Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion,
Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
9230 Carvalhais galaico-portugueses de Quercus robur e Quercus pyrenaica 9260 Florestas de Castanea sativa
92A0 Florestas-galerias com Salix alba e Populus alba
92D0 Galerias e matos ribeirinhos meridionais (Nerio-Tamaricetea e Securinegion
tinctoriae)
9330 Florestas de Quercus suber 9380 Florestas de Ilex aquifolium
9340 Florestas de Quercus ilex e Quercus rotundifolia
9540 Pinhais mediterrânicos de pinheiros mesógeos endémicos 9580 Florestas mediterrânicas de Taxus baccata
Anexo II– Géneros de fitoplâncton, e respetivos códigos, presentes em cada lagoa em pelo menos momento de amostragem.
Género Código Lagoa 3 Lagoa 4 Lagoa 7 Lagoa 10 Lagoa 12
Achnanthes Achn x x x Actinotaenium Acti x x x x x Amphipleura Appl x x x x Amphora Aphr x x Anabaena Anab x x x x x Asterococcus Astc x Botryococcus Botr x x Ceratoneis Cera x x Chlamydomonas Chmd x Chlorela Chlr x x x x x Chlorococcum Chrc x x x x x Chlorogonium Chgn x x x Chorococcus Chcc x x x x x Chromulina Chml x x x x Chroomonas Chro x Cocconeis Cocc x x x x x Coelastrum Coel x x x x Cosmarium Cosm x x x Cryptomonas Cryp x x x x x Cyanobacteria sp1 Cya1 x x x Cyclotela Cycl x x x x Cymbella Cymb x x x x Diatoma Diat x x Dictyosphaerium Dict x x x x x Dinobryon Dinb x x x x x Diploneis Dipl x x x x x Encyonema Ency x Encyonopsis Encn x x x x Eremosphaera Erem x x Euastrum Eust x x x Eudorina Eudo x x x x Euglena Eugl x x Eunotia Euno x x x x x Fragilaria Frag x x x x x Glenodiniopsis Glen x x x Gloeothece Gloe x x x x x Gymnodinium Gymn x x x x x Mallomonas Mall x x x x Mastogloia Mast x x x Melosira Melo x x x x x Merismopedia Meri x x x Micractinium Mict x x x x Microcystis Micr x x x x x Mougeotia Moug x x x x x Navicula Navi x x x
Neidum Neid x x x x x Nitzchia Nitz x x x Ochromonas Ochr x x x Oocystis Oocy x x Pediastrum Pdtm x x x x x Peridinium Prdm x Phacus Phac x x x x x Pinnularia Pinu x x x x x Planothidium Plan x x x x Rhizoclonium Rhzc x x Rhizosolenia Rhzs x Rhodomonas Rhod x x Scenedesmus Scen x Schizomeris Schi x x x Sphaerocystis Spha x x x x Spirogyra Spgy x x Spirotaenia Spta x x x x Spondylosium Spon x x x x Staurastrum Strt x x x x Staurodesmus Strd x x x x Stauroneis Stau x x x x x Stigonema Stig x x x Surirella Suri x Synechocystis Sync x x Synedra Syne x x x x x Tabellaria Tbll x x x x x Tetraedriella Ttdl x x x x x Tetraedron Tted x x x x x Thalassiosira Thal x x x Trachelomonas Trac x Ulothrix Ulot x Xanthidium Xant x
Anexo III– Géneros de zooplâncton, e respetivos códigos, presentes em cada lagoa em pelo menos momento de amostragem.
Género Código Lagoa 3 Lagoa 4 Lagoa 7 Lagoa 10 Lagoa 12