Resultados e Discussão
4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
E. caryophyllata e Anfotericina B sobre cepas de C tropicalis
Cepas CIM associadas (µg/mL) CIF a ICIFb Óleo essencial Anfotericina B Óleo essencial Anfotericina B ATCC 13803 64 1 0,1 0,5 0,6 CT 01 64 1 0,1 0,5 0,6
aConcentração Inibitória Fracional; bÍndice CIF
Após associação dos produtos, foi observada diminuição nos valores de CIM para ambas as substâncias, representando uma redução de 87,5% e 50% dos valores de CIM do óleo essencial e anfotericina B, respectivamente. Assim como expresso na Tabela 2, o valor do índice de CIF (ICIF) foi de 0,6, indicando efeito aditivo da associação para inibição de crescimento de cepas de C. tropicalis.
Porém, não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum estudo que avaliasse o efeito antifúngico da associação do óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata e da anfotericina B sobre cepas de Candida tropicalis. A associação de produtos naturais e agentes antifúngicos é uma área que está crescendo na pesquisa de fitofármacos (WAGNER; ULRICH-MERZENICH, 2009; AMBER et al., 2010). A combinação de compostos derivados de plantas e antibióticos já foram avaliados anteriormente contra agentes infecciosos (HEMAISWARYA et al., 2008; AMBER et al., 2010; COUTINHO et al., 2009a), dentro deles leveduras do gênero Candida (HAN, 2007; SHIN; PYUN, 2004; GIORDANI et al., 2004; SAAD et al., 2010; SILVA et al., 2011).
Nossos resultados corroboram com os estudos de Shin; Pyun (2004) e Silva et al. (2011), que relataram efeito aditivo da associação de óleos essenciais e antifúngicos comerciais sobre cepas Candida tropicalis.
A associação entre antifúngicos sintéticos e produtos naturais pode ampliar os espectros de ação e a eficácia de cada droga permitindo, assim, a utilização de
concentrações menores de cada droga (ESTRELLA-CUENCA 2004; NIGHTINGALE et al., 2007).
Por meio de nossos resultados demonstramos que o óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata é um agente antifúngico efetivo e sua associação com a anfotericina B demonstrou aditividade, uma vez que reduziu os valores de concentração inibitória mínima de ambos, isto pode resultar também em uma diminuição dos efeitos adversos, porém ainda se faz necessário outros estudos para que se assegure o uso in vivo.
5 CONCLUSÃO
De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de atividade antifúngica, conclui-se que:
O óleo essencial de Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. apresentou forte atividade antifúngica sobre cepas de Candida tropicalis;
A atividade fungicida é dependente da concentração e tempo.
O óleo essencial em estudo induziu importantes alterações micromorfológicas sobre a cepa de C.tropicalis
A associação do óleo essencial de E. caryophyllata e Anfotericina B apresentou efeito aditivo.
O referido óleo apresenta-se como um promissor produto antifúngico no tratamento de candidíases e além disso esse estudo também contribui para aumentar o arsenal de produtos com conhecida atividade antifúngica, no entanto, é necessário mais estudos para comprovar seu uso.
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