O desenvolvimento de técnicas analíticas cada vez mais eficientes e sensíveis, tem possibilitado cada vez mais a detecção de contaminantes cuja presenças antes eram desconhecidas. Mesmo em concentrações muito baixas, alguns compostos, como produtos farmacêuticos, desreguladores endócrinos e drogas ilícitas, tem sido constantemente identificados em amostras ambientais com o uso dessas técnicas. Os perigos associados à exposição à estas substâncias, demonstrados principalmente através de estudos toxicológicos, indicam o quanto se faz necessária uma maior atenção voltada à estes poluentes, tanto do ponto de vista ambiental quanto para garantia da saúde pública.
Devido às dificuldades inerentes a questão dos fármacos são poucos os estudos focados em reservatórios, e a gestão de risco dessa classe de químicos ainda não está em pauta no Brasil, com poucos estudos desenvolvidos. Mas em reservatórios voltados ao abastecimento público, onde os recursos naturais e a manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos são essenciais para sociedade, o estudo de contaminantes emergentes deve ser fundamentalmente considerado para a elaboração de novas leis, diretrizes e políticas ambientais.
Todos os dias novas classes de contaminantes emergentes surgem e são inevitavelmente introduzidas nos sistemas aquáticos. O monitoramento de todos os contaminantes emergentes é tarefa impossível para qualquer sistema de tratamento de esgoto ou de água, por isso, o uso de substâncias indicadoras de qualidade é uma ferramenta que pode ser empregada para trazer maior eficiência a estes sistemas, e contribuir na construção de normativas ambientais, visando a sustentabilidade.
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