No trabalho de revisão da literatura sobre a importância da castanha-do-brasil na dieta, os dados indicam que quantidade moderada está diretamente envolvida com a proteção contra as DCNT. Atuais estudos e meta-análises sustentam dados que mostram a diminuição dos fatores de risco de doenças metabólicas e cardiovasculares e remissão das já estabelecidas. Estudos sobre a prevenção do câncer são escassos, mas a semente tem mostrado benefício na diminuição de risco do câncer colorretal quando há o envolvimento de polimorfismo genético da SePP1.
Em função da variabilidade dos indivíduos na resposta à suplementação com SeMet, os trabalhos experimentais in vitro mostraram a relevância dos estudos sobre o polimorfismo Val16Ala-SOD2 e o desbalanço S-PH quimicamente induzido no efeito da SeMet purificada e da SeMet associada à matriz química do EACB.
Considerando o polimorfismo Val16Ala-SOD2, no primeiro protocolo in vitro, a SeMet mostrou um efeito nutrigenético expressivo na modulação da expressão das (seleno)enzimas antioxidantes em todos os genótipos da SOD2. Contudo, o efeito da SeMet nas AA-CMSP corrobora a hipótese de Ambrosone et al. (1999) de que frutos e vegetais teriam potencial para diminuir os fatores de risco de câncer de mama no genótipo AA-SOD2, uma vez que a SeMet está disponível em vegetais e em alta concentração nas castanhas-do-brasil.
O segundo protocolo in vitro indicou que a SeMet associada à matriz química do EACB foi capaz de restaurar a homeostasia celular em situação de estresse oxidativo de maneira nutrigenômica nos fibroblastos AA-SO2-like e VV-SO2-like tratados com EACB, uma vez que mostraram diminuição dos parâmetros oxidativos e um mecanismo regulatório sinérgico em relação à expressão gênica das (seleno)enzimas antioxidantes. Por conseguinte, é provável atribuir à castanha-do-brasil um maior efeito nutrigenômico do que a SeMet purificada.
Apesar das limitações metodológicas das investigações in vitro, os autores sugerem a realização de mais investigações para avaliar o potencial efeito quimiopreventivo/ quimioprotetivo do EACB em células tumorais. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados sugerem a plausível extrapolação em estudos in vivo para confirmar os potenciais benefícios baseados na inclusão da castanha-do-brasil na dieta, considerando o polimorfismo humano Val16Ala-SOD2.
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