Diversas substâncias derivadas de muitas espécies de cogumelos vêm demonstrando atividades medicinais importantes em estudos científicos. Porém, por enquanto, nenhum cogumelo ou substância derivada é reconhe- cido ou normatizado no Brasil pela ANVISA como medicinal. Sugere-se uma colaboração mais intensa entre universidades, poder público e setor privado para que o conhecimento produzido nas universidades seja efetivamente transferido ao setor produtivo, beneficiando a população.
O melhor conhecimento das espécies de cogumelos da biodiversidade brasileira e suas propriedades medicinais permitirão o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos ou nutracêuticos para a prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades que afligem a população, como câncer, infecções e doenças cardiovasculares.
Mais estudos também devem ser conduzidos para avaliar potenciais ati- vidades medicinais da inclusão de cogumelos na alimentação, estimulando o consumo e a produção, contribuindo para o esclarecimento popular e alterando uma cultura de medo e aversão em relação aos cogumelos. Diver- sas instituições de pesquisa, espalhadas pelo país, estão dando passos nessa direção, listando e descrevendo as espécies de cada região, buscando tecno- logias para a propagação de micélios e cultivo de cogumelos, testando apli- cações tecnológicas de materiais e substâncias derivadas desses organismos na prevenção e tratamento de um grande número de enfermidades. Com as tecnologias existentes nos laboratórios de pesquisa brasileiros hoje é possí- vel identificar e isolar os princípios ativos, descrever sua estrutura molecular e aplicar técnicas de DNA recombinante para aumentar a sua produtividade e atividade.
Espera-se que novos produtos biotecnológicos sejam desenvolvidos em decorrência dos avanços tecnológicos recentes nas áreas de produção e puri- ficação de substâncias medicinais a partir de cogumelos ou cultivos mice- liais, refletindo em benefícios econômicos e ecológicos e contribuindo para uma vida mais saudável.
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