CONCLUSÃO E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS

Nanopartículas têm despertado fascínio desde muito antes do advento da nanotecnologia, ocorrido há não muito mais do que 20 a 30 anos. De fato, pigmentos utilizados há milhares de anos em grafismos rupestres foram ela- borados à base de óxidos de ferro misturados a extratos ou óleos/gorduras de origem animal e vegetal, os quais em suma poderiam ser denominados atualmente de rotas de síntese verde de NPMs. Nesse contexto, o reconheci- mento de que os organismos biológicos, sejam eles procariontes ou eucarion- tes, são importantes fontes biológicas que podem contribuir para a inovação biotecnológica via nanotecnologia verde, não é um fenômeno recente, mas sim uma reinovação tecnológica com repercussões ainda imprevisíveis.

Apesar de relatos científicos sobre os diversos tipos de nanopartículas serem bastante recentes, esta é uma área da nanotecnologia que vem expe- rimentando crescente evolução (Figura 26.3). Após observação dos relatos encontrados na literatura científica e tecnológica sobre síntese verde, é evi- dente que os organismos biológicos estão sendo explorados com sucesso para a síntese de nanopartículas a partir de metais, de forma rápida e a taxas comparáveis às sínteses com compostos químicos clássicos. Porém, um desafio atual e essencial é de que o mecanismo de redução e estabilização para cada nova rota de síntese seja conhecido e caracterizado, no intuito de aperfeiçoar a reação de síntese e também minimizar o empirismo atual na escolha de novos componentes biológicos como agentes redutores. Além disso, uma preocupação e desafio atuais é a elaboração das rotas para a degradação ou dissolução das NPMs formadas, em uma área que busca a

mitigação dos potenciais riscos associados a essa tecnologia, de modo que se possa rotular a nanotecnologia verde como sustentável.

Figura 26.3 Número de artigos publicados sobre os diferentes tipos de nanopartículas (metálicas, poliméricas ou lipídicas), de acordo com a base de dados do ISI Web of Science. Os termos de busca foram utilizados em língua inglesa.

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