A infeção por Clostridium difficile emergiu nas últimas décadas associada ao aumento da incidência e da morbilidade quer no contexto nosocomial, como ambulatório. O aumento da morbilidade correlaciona-se com o desenvolvimento de estirpes hiper virulentas e altas taxas de recorrência após falha da antibioterapia inicial.
Os estudos indicam que existem níveis elevados de eficácia associados ao FMT, bem como existem benefícios em termos económicos, comparativamente ao uso de outras modalidades terapêuticas. O transplante fecal é hoje uma opção clínica aceite para o tratamento da ICD recorrente e, estando garantidos todos os processos de rastreio de doenças infeciosas, este método, no futuro e com a regulação necessária, tornar-se-á num processo cada vez mais seguro e aceite pelos clínicos e pacientes.
A utilização do FMT carece ainda de pleno consenso sobre a forma como deve ser feita essa regulamentação a fim de melhor proteger o paciente, verificando-se atualmente uma grande variedade protocolar entre centros, não se encontrando ainda definidos qual a composição, o volume de instilação e as vias de administração mais adequados.
A evidência crescente do FMT no tratamento da ICD recorrente mobiliza cada vez mais a atenção da comunidade científica para esta realidade, e na qual a investigação futura ditará os componentes chave e os métodos ótimos do FMT no tratamento da ICD recorrente.
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