A DisBa-01 promove a adesão.
A DisBa-01 inibe a adesão de mioblastos C2C12 ao colágeno tipo I e, em altas concentrações, à fibronectina;
A DisBa-01 não afeta a proliferação de mioblastos e tampouco causa a desadesão
destes quando aderidos à fibronectina ou ao colágeno tipo I, provavelmente não causando apoptose por descolamento (anoikis);
A DisBa-01 provoca uma alteração na secreção protéica das C2C12 pela diferença no padrão de expressão;
Mais estudos são necessários para o entendimento do mecanismo de ação desta desintegrina.
7. REFERÊNCIAS
Fundação Nacional de Saúde (2001). Manual de Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Acidentes
por Animais Peçonhentos. Brasília, Ministério da Saúde.
Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. "Acidente por animais peçonhentos." Disponível em http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/index.php. [Acessado em 22 de julho de 2009].
Instituto Butantan. "Serpentes Peçonhentas." Disponível em
http://www.butantan.gov.br/portal/Ensino/Material+Did%C3%A1tico/05+- +Serpentes+Pe%C3%A7onhentas. [Acessado em 18 de julho de 2009].
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - Centro de Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios. "Sobre as serpentes." Disponível em
http://www.icmbio.gov.br/ran/. [Acessado em 22 de julho de 2009].
Abmayr, S. M., Balagopalan, L., Galletta, B. J. e Hong, S. J. (2003). "Cell and molecular
biology of myoblast fusion." Int Rev Cytol 225: p. 33-89.
Aebersold, R. e Mann, M. (2003). "Mass spectrometry-based proteomics." Nature
422(6928): p. 198-207.
Amara, U., Rittirsch, D., Flierl, M., Bruckner, U., Klos, A., Gebhard, F., Lambris, J. D. e Huber-Lang, M. (2008). "Interaction between the coagulation and complement
system." Adv Exp Med Biol 632: p. 71-9.
Anangi, R., Chen, C.-Y., Cheng, C.-H., Chen, Y.-C., Chen, C.-C., Chu, Y.-P., Chang, C.-H., Jeng, W.-Y., Shiu, J.-H. e Chuang, W.-J. (2007). "Expression of Snake Venom
Toxins in Pichia pastoris." Toxin Reviews 26(2): p. 169-187.
Anastasia, L., Papini, N., Colazzo, F., Palazzolo, G., Tringali, C., Dileo, L., Piccoli, M., Conforti, E., Sitzia, C., Monti, E., Sampaolesi, M., Tettamanti, G. e Venerando, B. (2008). "NEU3 sialidase strictly modulates GM3 levels in skeletal myoblasts
C2C12 thus favoring their differentiation and protecting them from apoptosis." J
Biol Chem 283(52): p. 36265-71.
Anderson, N. L., Matheson, A. D. e Steiner, S. (2000). "Proteomics: applications in basic
and applied biology." Curr Opin Biotechnol 11(4): p. 408-12.
Appell, H. J., Forsberg, S. e Hollmann, W. (1988). "Satellite cell activation in human
skeletal muscle after training: evidence for muscle fiber neoformation." Int J
Sports Med 9(4): p. 297-9.
Arnaout, M. A., Mahalingam, B. e Xiong, J. P. (2005). "Integrin structure, allostery, and
Asakura, A., Komaki, M. e Rudnicki, M. (2001). "Muscle satellite cells are multipotential
stem cells that exhibit myogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation."
Differentiation 68(4-5): p. 245-53.
Avraamides, C. J., Garmy-Susini, B. e Varner, J. A. (2008). "Integrins in angiogenesis and
lymphangiogenesis." Nat Rev Cancer 8(8): p. 604-17.
Bardouille, C., Lehmann, J., Heimann, P. e Jockusch, H. (2001). "Growth and
differentiation of permanent and secondary mouse myogenic cell lines on microcarriers." Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 55(5): p. 556-62.
Bauer, M., Sun, Y., Degenhardt, C. e Kozikowski, B. (1993). "Assignment of all four
disulfide bridges in echistatin." J Protein Chem 12(6): p. 759-64.
Bazaa, A., Juarez, P., Marrakchi, N., Bel Lasfer, Z., El Ayeb, M., Harrison, R. A., Calvete, J. J. e Sanz, L. (2007). "Loss of introns along the evolutionary diversification
pathway of snake venom disintegrins evidenced by sequence analysis of genomic DNA from Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea and Echis ocellatus." J Mol
Evol 64(2): p. 261-71.
Berger, M., Pinto, A. F. M. e Guimarães, J. A. (2008). "Purification and functional
characterization of bothrojaractivase, a prothrombin-activating
metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom." Toxicon 51(4):
p. 488-501.
Beviglia, L., Stewart, G. J. e Niewiarowski, S. (1995). "Effect of four disintegrins on the
adhesive and metastatic properties of B16F10 melanoma cells in a murine model." Oncol Res 7(1): p. 7-20.
Bischoff, R. e Heintz, C. (1994). "Enhancement of skeletal muscle regeneration." Dev Dyn
201(1): p. 41-54.
Bjarnason, J. B. e Fox, J. W. (1994). "Hemorrhagic metalloproteinases from snake
venoms." Pharmacol Ther 62(3): p. 325-72.
Blanco-Bose, W. E., Yao, C. C., Kramer, R. H. e Blau, H. M. (2001). "Purification of mouse
primary myoblasts based on alpha 7 integrin expression." Exp Cell Res 265(2): p.
212-20.
Blau, H. M., Chiu, C. P., Pavlath, G. K. e Webster, C. (1985). "Muscle gene expression in
heterokaryons." Adv Exp Med Biol 182: p. 231-47.
Blystone, S. D., Graham, I. L., Lindberg, F. P. e Brown, E. J. (1994). "Integrin alpha v beta
3 differentially regulates adhesive and phagocytic functions of the fibronectin receptor alpha 5 beta 1." J Cell Biol 127(4): p. 1129-37.
Boelens, J. J., Wynn, R. F., O'Meara, A., Veys, P., Bertrand, Y., Souillet, G., Wraith, J. E., Fischer, A., Cavazzana-Calvo, M., Sykora, K. W., Sedlacek, P., Rovelli, A.,
Uiterwaal, C. S. e Wulffraat, N. (2007). "Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation for Hurler's syndrome in Europe: a risk factor analysis for graft failure." Bone Marrow Transplant 40(3): p. 225-33.
Boldrin, L. e Morgan, J. E. (2007). "Activating muscle stem cells: therapeutic potential in
muscle diseases." Curr Opin Neurol 20(5): p. 577-82.
Braud, S., Bon, C. e Wisner, A. (2000). "Snake venom proteins acting on hemostasis." Biochimie 82(9-10): p. 851-9.
Brooks, P. C. (1996). "Role of integrins in angiogenesis." Eur J Cancer 32A(14): p. 2423-9. Brzoska, E., Bello, V., Darribere, T. e Moraczewski, J. (2006). "Integrin alpha3 subunit
participates in myoblast adhesion and fusion in vitro." Differentiation 74(2-3): p.
105-18.
Burattini, S., Ferri, P., Battistelli, M., Curci, R., Luchetti, F. e Falcieri, E. (2004). "C2C12
murine myoblasts as a model of skeletal muscle development: morpho-functional characterization." Eur J Histochem 48(3): p. 223-33.
Burke, R. D. (1999). "Invertebrate integrins: structure, function, and evolution." Int Rev Cytol 191: p. 257-84.
Burkin, D. J., Wallace, G. Q., Milner, D. J., Chaney, E. J., Mulligan, J. A. e Kaufman, S. J. (2005). "Transgenic expression of {alpha}7{beta}1 integrin maintains muscle
integrity, increases regenerative capacity, promotes hypertrophy, and reduces cardiomyopathy in dystrophic mice." Am J Pathol 166(1): p. 253-63.
Cadle, R. e Biesecker, B. B. (1987). "Genetic counseling in eastern Kentucky." Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 23(6): p. 258-61.
Calvete, J. J., McLane, M. A., Stewart, G. J. e Niewiarowski, S. (1994). "Characterization of
the cross-linking site of disintegrins albolabrin, bitistatin, echistatin, and
eristostatin on isolated human platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa." Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 202(1): p. 135-40.
Calvete, J. J., Moreno-Murciano, M. P., Sanz, L., Jurgens, M., Schrader, M., Raida, M., Benjamin, D. C. e Fox, J. W. (2000). "The disulfide bond pattern of
catrocollastatin C, a disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich protein isolated from Crotalus atrox venom." Protein Sci 9(7): p. 1365-73.
Calvete, J. J., Moreno-Murciano, M. P., Theakston, R. D., Kisiel, D. G. e Marcinkiewicz, C. (2003). "Snake venom disintegrins: novel dimeric disintegrins and structural
diversification by disulphide bond engineering." Biochem J 372(Pt 3): p. 725-34.
Calvete, J. J., Schafer, W., Mann, K., Henschen, A. e Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. (1992). "Localization of the cross-linking sites of RGD and KQAGDV peptides to the
isolated fibrinogen receptor, the human platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Influence of peptide length." Eur J Biochem 206(3): p. 759-65.
Calvete, J. J., Schrader, M., Raida, M., McLane, M. A., Romero, A. e Niewiarowski, S. (1997). "The disulphide bond pattern of bitistatin, a disintegrin isolated from the
venom of the viper Bitis arietans." FEBS Lett 416(2): p. 197-202.
Campbell, S., Otis, M., Cote, M., Gallo-Payet, N. e Payet, M. D. (2003). "Connection
between integrins and cell activation in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells: a role for Arg-Gly-Asp peptide in the activation of the p42/p44(mapk) pathway and intracellular calcium." Endocrinology 144(4): p. 1486-95.
Cao, Y., Zhao, Z., Gruszczynska-Biegala, J. e Zolkiewska, A. (2003). "Role of
metalloprotease disintegrin ADAM12 in determination of quiescent reserve cells during myogenic differentiation in vitro." Mol Cell Biol 23(19): p. 6725-38.
Chamberlain, G., Fox, J., Ashton, B. e Middleton, J. (2007). "Concise review: mesenchymal
stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation capacity, immunological features, and potential for homing." Stem Cells 25(11): p. 2739-49.
Chang, C. e Werb, Z. (2001). "The many faces of metalloproteases: cell growth, invasion,
angiogenesis and metastasis." Trends Cell Biol 11(11): p. S37-43.
Charge, S. B. e Rudnicki, M. A. (2004). "Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle
regeneration." Physiol Rev 84(1): p. 209-38.
Charo, I. F., Nannizzi, L., Smith, J. W. e Cheresh, D. A. (1990). "The vitronectin receptor
alpha v beta 3 binds fibronectin and acts in concert with alpha 5 beta 1 in
promoting cellular attachment and spreading on fibronectin." J Cell Biol 111(6 Pt
1): p. 2795-800.
Chazaud, B., Hittinger, L., Sonnet, C., Champagne, S., Le Corvoisier, P., Benhaiem-Sigaux, N., Unterseeh, T., Su, J., Merlet, P., Rahmouni, A., Garot, J., Gherardi, R. e Teiger, E. (2003). "Endoventricular porcine autologous myoblast transplantation can be
successfully achieved with minor mechanical cell damage." Cardiovasc Res 58(2):
p. 444-50.
Chen, H. e Lo, S. H. (2003). "Regulation of tensin-promoted cell migration by its focal
adhesion binding and Src homology domain 2." Biochem J 370(Pt 3): p. 1039-45.
Chen, X., Mao, Z., Liu, S., Liu, H., Wang, X., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Zhao, T., Fan, W., Li, Y., Yew, D. T., Kindler, P. M., Li, L., He, Q., Qian, L., Wang, X. e Fan, M. (2005). "Dedifferentiation of adult human myoblasts induced by ciliary neurotrophic
factor in vitro." Mol Biol Cell 16(7): p. 3140-51.
Cheng, Y., Meng, Q., Wang, W. e Wang, J. (2002). "Structure-function relationship of
NMR-derived structure of NT2 with its homologues, NT1 and NT3." Biochim
Biophys Acta 1594(2): p. 353-63.
Chevallet, M., Luche, S. e Rabilloud, T. (2006). "Silver staining of proteins in
polyacrylamide gels." Nat Protoc 1(4): p. 1852-8.
Clissa, P. B., Laing, G. D., Theakston, R. D., Mota, I., Taylor, M. J. e Moura-da-Silva, A. M. (2001). "The effect of jararhagin, a metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca
venom, on pro-inflammatory cytokines released by murine peritoneal adherent cells." Toxicon 39(10): p. 1567-73.
Clyman, R. I., Mauray, F. e Kramer, R. H. (1992). "Beta 1 and beta 3 integrins have
different roles in the adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells on extracellular matrix." Exp Cell Res 200(2): p. 272-84.
Coelho, A. L., De Freitas, M. S., Mariano-Oliveira, A., Oliveira-Carvalho, A. L., Zingali, R. B. e Barja-Fidalgo, C. (2001). "Interaction of disintegrins with human neutrophils
induces cytoskeleton reorganization, focal adhesion kinase activation, and extracellular-regulated kinase-2 nuclear translocation, interfering with the chemotactic function." Faseb J 15(9): p. 1643-5.
Coelho, A. L., De Freitas, M. S., Mariano-Oliveira, A., Rapozo, D. C., Pinto, L. F., Niewiarowski, S., Zingali, R. B., Marcinkiewicz, C. e Barja-Fidalgo, C. (2004). "RGD- and MLD-disintegrins, jarastatin and EC3, activate integrin-mediated
signaling modulating the human neutrophils chemotaxis, apoptosis and IL-8 gene expression." Exp Cell Res 292(2): p. 371-84.
Coelho, A. L., de Freitas, M. S., Oliveira-Carvalho, A. L., Moura-Neto, V., Zingali, R. B. e Barja-Fidalgo, C. (1999). "Effects of jarastatin, a novel snake venom disintegrin,
on neutrophil migration and actin cytoskeleton dynamics." Exp Cell Res 251(2): p.
379-87.
Cominetti, M. R., Terruggi, C. H., Ramos, O. H., Fox, J. W., Mariano-Oliveira, A., De Freitas, M. S., Figueiredo, C. C., Morandi, V. e Selistre-de-Araujo, H. S. (2004). "Alternagin-C, a disintegrin-like protein, induces vascular endothelial cell growth
factor (VEGF) expression and endothelial cell proliferation in vitro." J Biol Chem 279(18): p. 18247-55.
Cossu, G. e Biressi, S. (2005). "Satellite cells, myoblasts and other occasional myogenic
progenitors: possible origin, phenotypic features and role in muscle regeneration." Semin Cell Dev Biol 16(4-5): p. 623-31.
Cowan, C. A., Klimanskaya, I., McMahon, J., Atienza, J., Witmyer, J., Zucker, J. P., Wang, S., Morton, C. C., McMahon, A. P., Powers, D. e Melton, D. A. (2004). "Derivation
of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts." N Engl J Med 350(13): p.
Curran, S. e Murray, G. I. (2000). "Matrix metalloproteinases: molecular aspects of their
roles in tumour invasion and metastasis." Eur J Cancer 36(13 Spec No): p. 1621-30.
Dallabrida, S. M., Ismail, N., Oberle, J. R., Himes, B. E. e Rupnick, M. A. (2005). "Angiopoietin-1 promotes cardiac and skeletal myocyte survival through
integrins." Circ Res 96(4): p. e8-24.
Danen, E. H., Marcinkiewicz, C., Cornelissen, I. M., van Kraats, A. A., Pachter, J. A., Ruiter, D. J., Niewiarowski, S. e van Muijen, G. N. (1998). "The disintegrin eristostatin
interferes with integrin alpha 4 beta 1 function and with experimental metastasis of human melanoma cells." Exp Cell Res 238(1): p. 188-96.
Davis, G. E. (1992). "Affinity of integrins for damaged extracellular matrix: alpha v beta
3 binds to denatured collagen type I through RGD sites." Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 182(3): p. 1025-31.
de Roodt, A. R., Litwin, S. e Vidal, J. C. (2003). "Hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops
venoms determined by two different methods and relationship with proteolytic activity on gelatin and lethality." Toxicon 41(8): p. 949-58.
DeClerck, Y. A. (2000). "Interactions between tumour cells and stromal cells and
proteolytic modification of the extracellular matrix by metalloproteinases in cancer." Eur J Cancer 36(10): p. 1258-68.
Dejosez, M., Krumenacker, J. S., Zitur, L. J., Passeri, M., Chu, L. F., Songyang, Z., Thomson, J. A. e Zwaka, T. P. (2008). "Ronin is essential for embryogenesis and the
pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells." Cell 133(7): p. 1162-74.
Dennis, M. S., Henzel, W. J., Pitti, R. M., Lipari, M. T., Napier, M. A., Deisher, T. A., Bunting, S. e Lazarus, R. A. (1990). "Platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa protein
antagonists from snake venoms: evidence for a family of platelet-aggregation inhibitors." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87(7): p. 2471-5.
Diaz-Gonzalez, F., Forsyth, J., Steiner, B. e Ginsberg, M. H. (1996). "Trans-dominant
inhibition of integrin function." Mol Biol Cell 7(12): p. 1939-51.
Doberstein, S. K., Fetter, R. D., Mehta, A. Y. e Goodman, C. S. (1997). "Genetic analysis of
myoblast fusion: blown fuse is required for progression beyond the prefusion complex." J Cell Biol 136(6): p. 1249-61.
Durigan, J. L., Peviani, S. M., Russo, T. L., Delfino, G. B., Ribeiro, J. U., Cominetti, M. R., Selistre-de-Araujo, H. S. e Salvini, T. F. (2008). "Effects of alternagin-C from
Bothrops alternatus on gene expression and activity of metalloproteinases in regenerating skeletal muscle." Toxicon 52(6): p. 687-94.
Eberli, D., Soker, S., Atala, A. e Yoo, J. J. (2009). "Optimization of human skeletal muscle
Elkington, P. T. e Friedland, J. S. (2006). "Matrix metalloproteinases in destructive
pulmonary pathology." Thorax 61(3): p. 259-66.
Epting, C. L., Lopez, J. E., Shen, X., Liu, L., Bristow, J. e Bernstein, H. S. (2004). "Stem cell
antigen-1 is necessary for cell-cycle withdrawal and myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells." J Cell Sci 117(Pt 25): p. 6185-95.
Evans, M. J. e Kaufman, M. H. (1981). "Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells
from mouse embryos." Nature 292(5819): p. 154-6.
Fiorani Celedon, P. A., de Andrade, A., Meireles, K. G., Gallo de Carvalho, M. C., Caldas, D. G., Moon, D. H., Carneiro, R. T., Franceschini, L. M., Oda, S. e Labate, C. A. (2007). "Proteomic analysis of the cambial region in juvenile Eucalyptus grandis at three
ages." Proteomics 7(13): p. 2258-74.
Fox, J. W. e Serrano, S. M. (2008a). "Exploring snake venom proteomes: multifaceted
analyses for complex toxin mixtures." Proteomics 8(4): p. 909-20.
Fox, J. W. e Serrano, S. M. (2008b). "Insights into and speculations about snake venom
metalloproteinase (SVMP) synthesis, folding and disulfide bond formation and their contribution to venom complexity." Febs J 275(12): p. 3016-30.
Frisch, S. M. e Francis, H. (1994). "Disruption of epithelial cell-matrix interactions
induces apoptosis." J Cell Biol 124(4): p. 619-26.
Gallagher, P., Bao, Y., Serrano, S. M., Laing, G. D., Theakston, R. D., Gutierrez, J. M., Escalante, T., Zigrino, P., Moura-da-Silva, A. M., Nischt, R., Mauch, C., Moskaluk, C. e Fox, J. W. (2005). "Role of the snake venom toxin jararhagin in
proinflammatory pathogenesis: in vitro and in vivo gene expression analysis of the effects of the toxin." Arch Biochem Biophys 441(1): p. 1-15.
Gawlitta, D., Boonen, K. J., Oomens, C. W., Baaijens, F. P. e Bouten, C. V. (2008). "The
influence of serum-free culture conditions on skeletal muscle differentiation in a tissue-engineered model." Tissue Eng Part A 14(1): p. 161-71.
Gay, C. C., Leiva, L. C., Marunak, S., Teibler, P. e Acosta de Perez, O. (2005). "Proteolytic,
edematogenic and myotoxic activities of a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops alternatus venom." Toxicon 46(5): p. 546-54.
Giancotti, F. G. (2000). "Complexity and specificity of integrin signalling." Nat Cell Biol
2(1): p. E13-4.
Gould, R. J., Polokoff, M. A., Friedman, P. A., Huang, T. F., Holt, J. C., Cook, J. J. e Niewiarowski, S. (1990). "Disintegrins: a family of integrin inhibitory proteins
Grounds, M. D., White, J. D., Rosenthal, N. e Bogoyevitch, M. A. (2002). "The role of stem
cells in skeletal and cardiac muscle repair." J Histochem Cytochem 50(5): p. 589-
610.
Grounds, M. D. e Yablonka-Reuveni, Z. (1993). "Molecular and cell biology of skeletal
muscle regeneration." Mol Cell Biol Hum Dis Ser 3: p. 210-56.
Guerreiro, N., Redmond, J. W., Rolfe, B. G. e Djordjevic, M. A. (1997). "New Rhizobium
leguminosarum flavonoid-induced proteins revealed by proteome analysis of differentially displayed proteins." Mol Plant Microbe Interact 10(4): p. 506-16.
Guimaraes, A. Q., Cruz-Hofling, M. A., Ferreira de Araujo, P. M., Bon, C. e Lobo de Araujo, A. (2004). "Pharmacological and histopathological characterization of Bothrops
lanceolatus (Fer de lance) venom-induced edema." Inflamm Res 53(7): p. 284-91.
Guo, W. e Giancotti, F. G. (2004). "Integrin signalling during tumour progression." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5(10): p. 816-26.
Gutierrez, J. M., Theakston, R. D. e Warrell, D. A. (2006). "Confronting the neglected
problem of snake bite envenoming: the need for a global partnership." PLoS Med 3(6): p. e150.
Hauck, C. R. (2002). "Cell adhesion receptors – signaling capacity and exploitation by
bacterial pathogens." Med Microbiol Immunol 191: p. 55–62.
Hawke, T. J. e Garry, D. J. (2001). "Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular
biology." J Appl Physiol 91(2): p. 534-51.
Hitomi, K., Murase, M., Kawamura, T. e Maki, M. (2000). "Constant expression of mouse
calpastatin isoforms during differentiation in myoblast cell line, C2C12."
Cytotechnology 33(1-3): p. 63-70.
Holterman, C. E. e Rudnicki, M. A. (2005). "Molecular regulation of satellite cell
function." Semin Cell Dev Biol 16(4-5): p. 575-84.
Hong, S. Y., Lee, H., You, W. K., Chung, K. H., Kim, D. S. e Song, K. (2003). "The snake
venom disintegrin salmosin induces apoptosis by disassembly of focal adhesions in bovine capillary endothelial cells." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 302(3): p.
502-8.
Huang, T. F., Holt, J. C., Lukasiewicz, H. e Niewiarowski, S. (1987). "Trigramin. A low
molecular weight peptide inhibiting fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors expressed on glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex." J Biol Chem 262(33): p. 16157-63.
Hughes, A. L. (2001). "Evolution of the integrin alpha and beta protein families." J Mol Evol 52(1): p. 63-72.
Huhtala, P., Humphries, M. J., McCarthy, J. B., Tremble, P. M., Werb, Z. e Damsky, C. H. (1995). "Cooperative signaling by alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 1 integrins
regulates metalloproteinase gene expression in fibroblasts adhering to fibronectin." J Cell Biol 129(3): p. 867-79.
Humphries, J. D., Byron, A. e Humphries, M. J. (2006). "Integrin ligands at a glance." J Cell Sci 119(Pt 19): p. 3901-3.
Hynes, R. O. (2002). "Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines." Cell 110(6): p. 673-87.
Hynes, R. O., Bader, B. L. e Hodivala-Dilke, K. (1999). "Integrins in vascular
development." Braz J Med Biol Res 32(5): p. 501-10.
Hynes, R. O., Schwarzbauer, J. E. e Tamkun, J. W. (1987). "Isolation and analysis of cDNA
and genomic clones of fibronectin and its receptor." Methods Enzymol 144: p. 447-
63.
Ivaska, J., Kapyla, J., Pentikainen, O., Hoffren, A. M., Hermonen, J., Huttunen, P., Johnson, M. S. e Heino, J. (1999). "A peptide inhibiting the collagen binding function of
integrin alpha2I domain." J Biol Chem 274(6): p. 3513-21.
Jang, Y. J., Kim, D. S., Jeon, O. H. e Kim, D. S. (2007). "Saxatilin suppresses tumor-
induced angiogenesis by regulating VEGF expression in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells." J Biochem Mol Biol 40(3): p. 439-43.
Jansen, K. M. e Pavlath, G. K. (2006). "Mannose receptor regulates myoblast motility and
muscle growth." J Cell Biol 174(3): p. 403-13.
Ji, Z. X., Du, C., Wu, G. S., Li, S. Y., An, G. S., Yang, Y. X., Jia, R., Jia, H. T. e Ni, J. H. (2009). "Synergistic up-regulation of muscle LIM protein expression in C2C12
and NIH3T3 cells by myogenin and MEF2C." Mol Genet Genomics 281(1): p. 1-
10.
Jia, L. G., Shimokawa, K., Bjarnason, J. B. e Fox, J. W. (1996). "Snake venom
metalloproteinases: structure, function and relationship to the ADAMs family of proteins." Toxicon 34(11-12): p. 1269-76.
Jin, L. T., Li, X. K., Cong, W. T., Hwang, S. Y. e Choi, J. K. (2008). "Previsible silver
staining of protein in electrophoresis gels with mass spectrometry compatibility."
Anal Biochem 383(2): p. 137-43.
Juarez, P., Comas, I., Gonzalez-Candelas, F. e Calvete, J. J. (2008). "Evolution of snake
venom disintegrins by positive Darwinian selection." Mol Biol Evol 25(11): p.
2391-407.
Jursik, C., Sluyter, R., Georgiou, J. G., Fuller, S. J., Wiley, J. S. e Gu, B. J. (2007). "A
function in leucocyte subsets by two-colour time-resolved flow cytometry." J
Immunol Methods 325(1-2): p. 67-77.
Kang, I. C., Kim, D. S., Jang, Y. e Chung, K. H. (2000). "Suppressive mechanism of
salmosin, a novel disintegrin in B16 melanoma cell metastasis." Biochem Biophys
Res Commun 275(1): p. 169-73.
Karalliedde, L. (1995). "Animal toxins." Br J Anaesth 74(3): p. 319-27.
Katagiri, T., Yamaguchi, A., Komaki, M., Abe, E., Takahashi, N., Ikeda, T., Rosen, V., Wozney, J. M., Fujisawa-Sehara, A. e Suda, T. (1994). "Bone morphogenetic
protein-2 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteoblast lineage." J Cell Biol 127(6 Pt 1): p. 1755-66.
Katayama, Y., Battista, M., Kao, W. M., Hidalgo, A., Peired, A. J., Thomas, S. A. e Frenette, P. S. (2006). "Signals from the sympathetic nervous system regulate
hematopoietic stem cell egress from bone marrow." Cell 124(2): p. 407-21.
Kauskot, A., Cominetti, M. R., Ramos, O. H., Bechyne, I., Renard, J. M., Hoylaerts, M. F., Crepin, M., Legrand, C., Selistre-de-Araujo, H. S. e Bonnefoy, A. (2008).
"Hemostatic effects of recombinant DisBa-01, a disintegrin from Bothrops
alternatus." Front Biosci 13: p. 6604-16.
Keogh, J. S., Shine, R. e Donnellan, S. (1998). "Phylogenetic relationships of terrestrial
Australo-Papuan elapid snakes (subfamily Hydrophiinae) based on cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequences." Mol Phylogenet Evol 10(1): p. 67-81.
Kishimoto, M. e Takahashi, T. (2002). "Molecular cloning of HR1a and HR1b, high
molecular hemorrhagic factors, from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom." Toxicon 40(9): p. 1369-75.
Koh, D. C., Armugam, A. e Jeyaseelan, K. (2006). "Snake venom components and their
applications in biomedicine." Cell Mol Life Sci 63(24): p. 3030-41.
Koh, G. Y., Klug, M. G., Soonpaa, M. H. e Field, L. J. (1993). "Differentiation and long-
term survival of C2C12 myoblast grafts in heart." J Clin Invest 92(3): p. 1548-54.
Kubo, Y. (1991). "Comparison of initial stages of muscle differentiation in rat and mouse
myoblastic and mouse mesodermal stem cell lines." J Physiol 442: p. 743-59.
Kuramitsu, Y. e Nakamura, K. (2005). "Current progress in proteomic study of hepatitis C
virus-related human hepatocellular carcinoma." Expert Rev Proteomics 2(4): p.
589-601.
Lafuste, P., Sonnet, C., Chazaud, B., Dreyfus, P. A., Gherardi, R. K., Wewer, U. M. e Authier, F. J. (2005). "ADAM12 and alpha9beta1 integrin are instrumental in
Lan, M. A., Gersbach, C. A., Michael, K. E., Keselowsky, B. G. e Garcia, A. J. (2005). "Myoblast proliferation and differentiation on fibronectin-coated self assembled
monolayers presenting different surface chemistries." Biomaterials 26(22): p.
4523-31.
Larghero, J., Vija, L., Lecourt, S., Michel, L., Verrecchia, F. e Farge, D. (2009). "[Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: toward new
immunosuppressive strategies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases?]." Rev
Med Interne 30(3): p. 287-99.
Lawson, M. A. e Purslow, P. P. (2000). "Differentiation of myoblasts in serum-free media:
effects of modified media are cell line-specific." Cells Tissues Organs 167(2-3): p.
130-7.
Lees, S. J., Rathbone, C. R. e Booth, F. W. (2006). "Age-associated decrease in muscle
precursor cell differentiation." Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290(2): p. C609-15.
Leittinger, B. e Hohenester, E. (2007). "Mammalian collagen receptors." Matrix Biol 26(3): p. 146-55.
Lewis, R. J. e Garcia, M. L. (2003). "Therapeutic potential of venom peptides." Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(10): p. 790-802.
Liotta, F., Angeli, R., Cosmi, L., Fili, L., Manuelli, C., Frosali, F., Mazzinghi, B., Maggi, L., Pasini, A., Lisi, V., Santarlasci, V., Consoloni, L., Angelotti, M. L., Romagnani, P., Parronchi, P., Krampera, M., Maggi, E., Romagnani, S. e Annunziato, F. (2008). "Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 are expressed by human bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cells and can inhibit their T-cell modulatory activity by impairing Notch signaling." Stem Cells 26(1): p. 279-89.
Liu, J., Burkin, D. J. e Kaufman, S. J. (2008). "Increasing alpha 7 beta 1-integrin promotes
muscle cell proliferation, adhesion, and resistance to apoptosis without changing gene expression." Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294(2): p. C627-40.
Loftus, J. C., Smith, J. W. e Ginsberg, M. H. (1994). "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion: the
extracellular face." J Biol Chem 269(41): p. 25235-8.
Lopez, J. L. (2007). "Two-dimensional electrophoresis in proteome expression analysis." J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 849(1-2): p. 190-202.
Lu, Q., Clemetson, J. M. e Clemetson, K. J. (2005). "Snake venoms and hemostasis." J Thromb Haemost 3(8): p. 1791-9.
Maeshima, Y., Colorado, P. C. e Kalluri, R. (2000). "Two RGD-independent alpha vbeta 3
integrin binding sites on tumstatin regulate distinct anti-tumor properties." J Biol
Marcinkiewicz, C. (2005). "Functional characteristic of snake venom disintegrins:
potential therapeutic implication." Curr Pharm Des 11(7): p. 815-27.
Mariano-Oliveira, A., Coelho, A. L., Terruggi, C. H., Selistre-de-Araujo, H. S., Barja- Fidalgo, C. e De Freitas, M. S. (2003). "Alternagin-C, a nonRGD-disintegrin,
induces neutrophil migration via integrin signaling." Eur J Biochem 270(24): p.
4799-808.
Marsh, N. e Williams, V. (2005). "Practical applications of snake venom toxins in
haemostasis." Toxicon 45(8): p. 1171-81.
Martin, G. R. (1981). "Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos
cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells." Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A 78(12): p. 7634-8.
Maruyama, M., Sugiki, M., Anai, K. e Yoshida, E. (2002). "N-terminal amino acid
sequences and some characteristics of fibrinolytic/hemorrhagic
metalloproteinases purified from Bothrops jararaca venom." Toxicon 40(8): p.
1223-226.
Matsui, T., Fujimura, Y. e Titani, K. (2000). "Snake venom proteases affecting hemostasis
and thrombosis." Biochim Biophys Acta 1477(1-2): p. 146-56.
Mauro, A. (1961). "Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers." J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9: p. 493-5.
Mayer, U. (2003). "Integrins: redundant or important players in skeletal muscle?" J Biol Chem 278(17): p. 14587-90.
(2003). Fisiologia do Exercício: Energia, Nutrição e Desempenho Humano. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan.
McLane, M. A., Marcinkiewicz, C., Vijay-Kumar, S., Wierzbicka-Patynowski, I. e
Niewiarowski, S. (1998). "Viper venom disintegrins and related molecules." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 219(2): p. 109-19.
McLane, M. A., Sanchez, E. E., Wong, A., Paquette-Straub, C. e Perez, J. C. (2004). "Disintegrins." Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord 4(4): p. 327-55. Melgarejo, A. (2003). Serpentes Peçonhentas do Brasil. Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil: biologia, clínica e terapêutica dos acidentes. João Luis Costa Cardoso, Francisco Oscar de Siqueira Franca e Fan Hui Wen. São Paulo, Savier: p. 33-61.
Menezes, M. C., Furtado, M. F., Travaglia-Cardoso, S. R., Camargo, A. C. e Serrano, S. M. (2006). "Sex-based individual variation of snake venom proteome among eighteen
Meredith, J. E., Jr. e Schwartz, M. A. (1997). "Integrins, adhesion and apoptosis." Trends Cell Biol 7(4): p. 146-50.
Mermelstein, C. S., Amaral, L. M., Rebello, M. I., Reis, J. S., Borojevic, R. e Costa, M. L. (2005). "Changes in cell shape and desmin intermediate filament distribution are
associated with down-regulation of desmin expression in C2C12 myoblasts grown in the absence of extracellular Ca2+." Braz J Med Biol Res 38(7): p. 1025-32.
Mesquita-Ferrari, R. A., Moraes, C. K. d., Micocci, K. C. e Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S. (2009). "ALT-C, a disintegrin-like Cys-rich protein from Bothrops alternatus, increases
skeletal myoblast viability." J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis. 15(2): p. 325-
339.
Messent, A. J., Tuckwell, D. S., Knauper, V., Humphries, M. J., Murphy, G. e Gavrilovic, J. (1998). "Effects of collagenase-cleavage of type I collagen on alpha2beta1
integrin-mediated cell adhesion." J Cell Sci 111 ( Pt 8): p. 1127-35.
Minea, R., Swenson, S., Costa, F., Chen, T. C. e Markland, F. S. (2005). "Development of a
novel recombinant disintegrin, contortrostatin, as an effective anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic agent." Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 34(4-5): p. 177-83.
Moreno-Murciano, M. P., Monleon, D., Calvete, J. J., Celda, B. e Marcinkiewicz, C. (2003).