O presente trabalho abrangeu a construção de uma rede de co-expressão gênica, construção e caracterização de cepas deletadas em T. reesei, e ainda o estudo do metaboloma intracelular de dois fungos produtores de enzimas crescidos em fontes de carbono de interesse industrial. Como conclusões principais, pode-se citar:
A análise de rede de co-expressão gênica revelou dezenas de genes anotados como FTs, CAZymes, transportadores de açúcar e proteínas hipotéticas, sendo co-expressos com genes já conhecidos e relacionados com degradação de biomassa. Diversos parecem ser regulados transcricionalmente por XYR1, e alguns hubs foram co-expressos com este ativador, sugerindo uma possível relação com a desconstrução da parede do bagaço de cana.
Foram construídas cepas deletadas de T. reesei para dois FTs, uma CAZyme e uma hidrofobina. A caracterização fenotípica apontou o gene 105520 como um possível ativador transcricional de celulases em BEX, em especial para celobiohidrolases e endoglucanases. Na presença de soforose, este gene sofre também repressão catabólica por carbono mediada por CRE1.
Em relação ao metaboloma dos fungos industriais T. reesei e A. niger, ambos valeram-se de um mesmo conjunto de metabólitos para crescerem e se adaptarem a todas as condições de crescimento avaliadas. Dentre eles, foram identificados carboidratos de reserva (manitol e trealose), metabólitos de estresse (GABA), componentes do metabolismo de fosfoglicerolipídeos e síntese de membranas celulares (glicerol 3-fosfocolina e glicerol), e do metabolismo de aminoácidos (glutamato, glutamina e alanina).
Diferenças no metaboloma de ambos os fungos também foram observadas. T. reesei, por exemplo, assimilou de forma mais eficiente o açúcar lactose quando crescido nesta fonte de carbono, e também parece ativar a via alternativa do TCA (glyoxalate shunt) em CMC como estratégia para produzir energia pela gliconeogênese.
A. niger mostrou níveis mais altos de glicerol e GABA em CMC e lactose, o que sugere a preferência deste fungo em sintetizar estes metabólitos como reserva de energia e molécula sinalizadora de estresses, respectivamente.
Em BEX, A. niger mostrou maiores atividades para celulase e hemicelulase, contribuindo para maior ativação da via glicolítica, como sugerido pelo acúmulo de 2-fosfoglicerato no seu perfil metabólico.
Finalmente, o presente estudo contribuiu para a identificação de novos genes alvos possivelmente envolvidos na degradação de biomassa da cana. Estes genes devem ser melhor investigados para que se possa comprovar sua real influência sobre a sacarificação do bagaço, de forma a tentar otimizar os coquetéis enzimáticos e minimizar seu custo para a produção de etanol 2G.
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