RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
5. CONSIDERAÇÕES GERAIS
5.5. Conclusões Gerais
• Através de um amplo levantamento bibliográfico foi possível apresentar e discutir conceitos básicos de tensoativos e microemulsões, bem como descrever os tipos existentes de tensoativos e de microemulsões, e suas propriedades. Adicionalmente, enfatizaram-se pesquisas científicas com tensoativos e microemulsões e suas aplicações, destacando o uso como inibidores de corrosão.
• Os tensoativos óleo de coco saponificado (OCS) e dodecilbenzeno sulfonato de sódio (DBS), foram utilizados em sistemas microemulsionados (OCS-ME e DBS-ME), do tipo O/A (fase dispersa é o óleo e a contínua é a água) com região de trabalho
anticorrosivo destes tensoativos microencapsulados, bem como para a solubilização de substâncias nitrogenadas e avaliação de suas eficiências na inibição a corrosão em aço AISI 1020.
• Os inibidores de corrosão OCS e DBS testados na forma livre bem como microemulsionados, mostraram-se eficazes (63% OCS e 77% OCS-ME, pelo o método de curvas de polarização linear), tendo sido verificado que mesmo em baixas concentrações, são eficientes no combate a corrosão. Desta forma, comprovou-se que o sistema microemulsionado ampliou o poder anticorrosivo destes tensoativos. Este fenômeno acontece devido a formação de uma camada protetora mais homogênea sobre o metal, possibilitando um maior contato interfacial das microestruturas formadas com o metal.
• As eficiências de inibição a corrosão em meio salino de OCS e DBS microemulsionados, método galvanostático, não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os dois inibidores (77% de DBS-ME e 74% de OCS-ME). O valor obtido para OCS- ME no método de curvas de polarização foi idêntico (77%) ao valor observado para o DBS-ME, e muito similar ao obtido para OCS-ME pelo método galvanostático (74%). Portanto, a medida da eficiência e inibição de corrosão independe do método aplicado. No entanto, a eficiência de OCS livre apresentou diferenças entre os métodos galvanostático (71%) e curvas de polarização (63%). De acordo com estes resultados, fica evidente que a micelização de OCS (OCS-ME) produz um valor estável, independente do método eletroquímico avaliado.
• As eficiências de inibição a corrosão das substâncias nitrogenadas difenilcarbazida (DC), 2,4-dinitro-fenil-tiossemicarbazida (TSC) e mesoiônico 1,3,4- triazólio-2-tiolato (MI) foram avaliadas após solubilização no sistema
salino (NaCl 0,5%). Comparativamente, DC-ME-OCS (92%), TSC-ME-OCS (93%) e MI-ME-OCS (94%) mostraram-se eficazes na inibição à corrosão em aço, em meio salino. A similaridade de percentuais elevados para estas substâncias encontra-se correlacionadas com a presença de heteroátomos e anéis aromáticos que conferem ampla distribuição eletrônica. Provavelmente, o significante e equivalente equilíbrio entre mesomeria (formas canônicas) e número de heteroátomos, aliado ao fato destas substâncias estarem solubilizadas (0,5% de concentração) no mesmo sistema microemulsionado, favoreceu os dados de inibição acima de 90%.
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