• Nenhum resultado encontrado

A alga marrom Dictyopteris justii sintetiza quatro frações ricas em polissacarídeos sulfatados DJ-0.3v, DJ-0.4v, DJ-0.5v e DJ1.2v.

 A análise da composição monossacarídica dessa alga indicou que essa alga sintetiza um complexo sistema de polissacarídeos sulfatados. Na fração DJ- 0.3v, glucofucoxyloglucuronana; na fração DJ-0.4v, uma hetrofucana; e nas frações DJ-0.5v e DJ-1.2v uma glucana sulfatada.

 Todas as frações apresentaram atividade antioxidante, com destaque para a fração DJ-0.4v, que foi a mais potente em todos os ensaios, principalmente em CAT, poder redutor e Quelação de Cobre; Como também foi a que teve melhor capacidade de inibir a cristalização de oxalato de cálcio.

 Destaca-se também a fração DJ-0.5v, que além de inibir também foi capaz de estabilizar os cristais COD, impedindo-os de se transformarem em cristais COM. Estes polissacarídeos são, portanto, agentes promissores para a possível utilização para tratamento da urolitíase.

REFERÊNCIAS

AGUILERA, J. et al. Seasonal variation in ecophysiological patterns in macroalgae from an Arctic fjord. II. Pigment accumulation and biochemical defence systems against high light stress. Marine Biology, v.140,p. 12-14, 2002.

ALBUQUERQUE, I. R. L. et al. Heterofucans from Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant activity. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v. 37, n. 2, p. 167-171, 2004.

ALMEIDA‐LIMA, Jailma et al. Evaluating the posble genotoxic, mutagenic and tumor cell proliferation‐inhibition effects of a non‐anticoagulant, but antithrombotic algal heterofucan. Journal of Applied Toxicology, v. 30, n. 7, p. 708-715, 2010.

ALVES, A.P. et al. Sulfated polysaccharides from the egg jelly layer are species- specific inducers of acrosomal reaction in sperms of sea urchins.Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 272, n. 11, p. 6965-6971, 1997.

ANANTHI, Subash et al. In vitroantioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of crude polysaccharide from Turbinaria ornate (Marine Brown Alga). Food and chemical toxicology, v. 48, n. 1, p. 187-192, 2010.

ANBAZHAGAN, M. et al. Effect of oral supplementation of vitamin E in hyperoxaluric patients on urinary risk factors. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, v. 27, p. 37, 1999.

Anton, A. Colorimetric estimation of aluminum with pyrocatechol Violet. Analitical. Chemistry. 1960, 32, 725–726.

ATHUKORALA, Y.; KIM, K. N.; JEON, Y. J. Antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of an enzymatic hydrolysate from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. Food Chemistry Toxicology, England, v. 44, n. 7, p. 1065-1074, 2006.

ATHUKORALA, Yasantha et al. An anticoagulative polysaccharide from an enzymatic hydrolysate of Ecklonia cava. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 66, n. 2, p. 184-191, 2006.

BACKMAN, Ulla; DANIELSON, Bo G.; LJUNGHALL, Sverker. Renal stones: etiology, management, treatment. Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, cop. 1985.

BARNHAM, K. J.; MASTERS, C. L.; BUSH, A. I. Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery, v. 3, p. 205-214, 2004.

BARROSO, E. M.A; COSTA, L.S; MEDEIROS, M.G.L; CORDEIRO, S.L; COSTA, M.S.S.P.; FRANCO, C.R.; NADER, H.B.; LEITE, E.L; ROCHA, H.A.O.; A non- anticoagulant heterofucan has antithrombotic activity in vivo. In: Planta Medica, 2008. v. 74, p. 712-718, 2008.

BERTEAU, O.; MULLOY, B. Sulfated fucans, fresh perspectives: structures, functions, and biological properties of sulfated fucans and an overview of enzymes active toward this class of polysaccharide. Glycobiology, [S.l], v. 13, n. 6, p. 29-40, 2003.

BIGELOW, MICHAEL W. et al. Surface exposure of phosphatidylserine increases calcium oxalate crystal attachment to IMCD cells. American Journal of Physiology- Renal Physiology, v. 272, n. 1, p. F55-F62, 1997.

BLONDIN, Catherine et al. Inhibition of complement activation by natural sulfated polysaccharides (fucans) from brown seaweed. Molecular immunology, v. 31, n. 4, p. 247-253, 1994.

BOISSON-VIDAL, C. et al. Relationship between antithrombotic activities of fucans and their structure. Drug Development Research, v. 51, p. 216-224, 2001.

CAMARA, R.B.G.; et al. Heterofucans from the brown seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis with anticoagulant and antioxidant activities. Marine Drugs. 2011, 9, 124–138.

CIMINO, P. et al. Isolation and NMR characterization of rosacelose, a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the sponge Mixylla rosacea. Carbohydrate research, v. 334, n. 1, p. 39-47, 2001.

COE, Fredric L.; PARKS, Joan H.; FAVUS, Murray J. Diet and calcium: the end of an era. Annals of internal medicine, v. 126, n. 7, p. 553-555, 1997.

COSTA, L. S. Atividades Biológicas de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados extraídos da alga vermelha Gracilária caudata. 2008. 70f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) – Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal/RN – 2008

COSTA, L. S. Bioprospecção de polissacarídeos sulfatados de macroalgas marinhas do litoral do rio grande do norte: caracterização de uma heterofucana extraída da alga marrom Sargassum filipendula que induz apoptose em células HeLa.. 2012. 70f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica) – Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal/RN – 2012.

COSTA, L. S. et al. Biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical seaweeds. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, v. 64, p. 21–28, 2010.

COSTA, L. S. et al. Biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical seaweeds. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, v. 64, p. 21–28, 2010.

COSTA, L.S et al. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of heterofucans from the seaweed Sargassum filipendula. Marine Drugs, 9 (2011), pp. 952–966

CUMASHI, A. et al. A comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antiadhesive activities of nine different fucoidans from brown seaweeds. Glycobiology, v. 17, n. 5, p. 541-552, 2006.

CUZZOCREA, Salvatore et al. Antioxidant therapy: a new pharmacological approach in shock, inflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury.Pharmacological reviews, v. 53, n. 1, p. 135-159, 2001.

DEGANELLO, Sergio. Interaction between nephrocalcin and calcium oxalate monohydrate: a structural study. Calcified tissue international, v. 48, n. 6, p. 421- 428, 1991.

DEVASAGAYAM, T. et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. Japi, v. 52, p. 794-804, 2004.

DIAS, P.F et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumoral properties of a polysaccharide isolated from the seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, v. 56, n. 4, p. 436-446, 2005.

DIETRICH, C. P. et al. A new approach for characterization of polysaccharides from algae: Presence of four main acidic polysaccharides in three species of the class Phaeophycea. Plant Science, v. 108, p. 143-153, 1995.

DOCTOR, V. M.; HILL, C.; JACKSON, G. J. Effect of fucoidan during activation of human plasminogen. Thrombosis research, v. 79, n. 3, p. 237-247, 1995.

DORE, Celina Maria P. Guerra et al. Antiangiogenic activity and direct antitumor effect from a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from seaweed.Microvascular research, 2013.

DUBOIS, M. et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars, and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, [ S.l.], v. 28, n. 3, p. 350-356, 1956.

EKNOYAN, Garabed. History of urolithiasis. Clinical reviews in bone and mineral metabolism, v. 2, n. 3, p. 177-185, 2004.

ELLOUALI, MOSTAFA et al. Antitumor activity of low molecular weight fucans extracted from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum. Anticancer Research, v. 13, n. 6A, p. 2011, 1993.

ESCOBAR, Carla et al. Role of Sulfated Macromolecules in Urinary Stone Formation. Biomineralization: From Paleontology to Materials Science, p. 343- 358.

FANG, Yun-Zhong; YANG, Sheng; WU, Guoyao. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, v. 18, n. 10, p. 872-879, 2002.

FARIAS, G. G. M. Uma nova abordagem para o estudo comparativo dos polissacarídeos de algas: classe Phaeophycea. Natal-RN, 1993 [Tese - Mestrado - Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Depto. de Bioquímica].

FERREIRA, A. L. A.; MATSUBARA, L. S. Radicais livres: conceitos, doenças relacionadas, sistema de defesa e estresse oxidativo. Revista da Assossiação Médica Brasileila, v. 43, n. 1, p. 61-68, 1997.

FONG-NGERN, Kedsarin et al. Large-scale identification of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal-binding proteins on apical membrane of distal renal tubular epithelial cells. Journal of Proteome Research, v. 10, n. 10, p. 4463-4477, 2011. FUJIMIYA, Y.; et al. Selective tumoricidal effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from basidiomycete,Agaricus blazeiMurrill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy 46: 147-159, 1998.

GILBERT, B.C.; et al. Radical reactions of carbohydrates. Part 2. An electron spin resonance study of the oxidation of D-glucose and related compounds with the hydroxyl radical. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, n. 8, p. 1186-1199, 1981.

GOMES, J. et al. Urolitíase e cólica renal. Perspectiva terapêutica em Urologia. Acta medica portuguesa, v. 15, n. 5, p. 369-80, 2002.

GRASES, F. et al. Effects of phytic acid on renal stone formation in rats.Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology, v. 32, n. 4, p. 261-265, 1998.

GRASES, F.; GENESTAR, C.; MILLAN, A. The influence of some metallic ions and their complexes on the kinetics of crystal growth of calcium oxalate.Journal of Crystal Growth, v. 94, n. 2, p. 507-512, 1989.

GROHE, Bernd et al. Citrate modulates calcium oxalate crystal growth by face- specific interactions. Cells Tissues Organs, v. 194, n. 2-4, p. 176-181, 2011.

HALLIWELL, Barry. Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. In: Free Radicals in the Brain. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. p. 21-40.

HAYASHI, Shinji et al. Fucoidan partly prevents CCl< sub> 4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis. European journal of pharmacology, v. 580, n. 3, p. 380-384, 2008.

HEO, S-J. et al. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresource Technology, v. 96, p. 1613-1623, 2005.

HONG, Sang-Won et al. Suppression by fucoidan of liver fibrogenesis via the TGF- β/Smad pathway in protecting against oxidative stress. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, v. 75, n. 5, p. 833-840, 2011.

HOSHINO, Tomomi et al. An antivirally active sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (TURNER) C. AGARDH. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, v. 21, n. 7, p. 730-734, 1998.

HWANG, Hye-Jung et al. Protective Effect of Polysaccharide from Hizikia fusiformis Against Ethanol-Induced Toxicity. Advances in food and nutrition research, v. 64, p. 143-161, 2011.

JIAO, Guangling et al. Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Marine drugs, v. 9, n. 2, p. 196-223, 2011. JOUAULT, S.C.; CHEVOLOT, L.; HELLEY, D.; Bros A, Sinquin C, Roger O, Fischer AM. Characterization, chemical modifications and in vitro anticoagulant properties of

an exopolisaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus. Biochimica et biophysica acta, v. 1528, p. 141-151, 2001.

JOMOVA, Klaudia et al. Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, v. 345, n. 1-2, p. 91-104, 2010. KAEFFER, Bertrand et al. Biological properties of ulvan, a new source of green seaweed sulfated polysaccharides, on cultured normal and cancerous colonic epithelial cells. Planta medica, v. 65, n. 06, p. 527-531, 1999.

KANETO, H. et al. Role of reactive oxygen species in the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Mediators of Inflammation, p. 1-11, 2010.

KAWAGISHI, H. et al. Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1→ 6)-< i> β</i>-d-glucan- protein complex from< i> Agaricus blazei</i> fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 12, n. 4, p. 393-403, 1990.

KHAN, Saeed R. Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and antioxidants for renal protection. Urological research, v. 33, n. 5, p. 349-357, 2005.

KHAN, Saeed R. Reactive oxygen species as the molecular modulators of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation: evidence from clinical and experimental investigations. The Journal of urology, 2012.

KHAN, Saeed R.; SHEVOCK, Paula N.; HACKETT, Raymond L. Presence of lipids in urinary stones: results of preliminary studies. Calcified tissue international, v. 42, n. 2, p. 91-96, 1988.

KIM, K-J.; LEE, O-H.; LEE, B-Y. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, inhibits adipogenesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Life Science, v. 86, n. 21-22, p. 791-797, 2010.

KIM, Se-Kwon; WIJESEKARA, Isuru. Development and biological activities of marine-derived bioactive peptides: a review. Journal of Functional foods, v. 2, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2010.

KLOAREG, B.; QUATRANO, R. S.Structure of cell wall of marine algae and ecophysiological function of matrix polysaccharides. Oceanography and Marine Biology, v. 26, p. 259-315, 1988.

KNOLL, Thomas; PEARLE, Margaret Sue (ORGs.). Clinical management of urolithiasis. EUA: Springer, 2013 p43-50.

KNOLL, Thomas. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of urolithiasis. European Urology Supplements, v. 9, n. 12, p. 802-806, 2010.

LI, B. et al. Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity. Molecules, v. 13, p. 1671-1695, 2008.

LIU, Yufeng et al. Inhibitory effect of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on the growth of human leukemia K562 cells. Journal of applied phycology, v. 12, n. 2, p. 125-130, 2000.

LÓPEZ, Michelle; HOPPE, Bernd. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatric Nephrology, v. 25, n. 1, p. 49-59, 2010.

LUE, Bena-Marie et al. Antioxidant properties of modified rutin esters by DPPH, reducing power, iron chelation and human low density lipoprotein assays. Food Chemistry, v. 123, n. 2, p. 221-230, 2010.

MAGALHAES, Kaline Dantas et al. Anticoagulant, antioxidant and antitumor activities of heterofucans from the seaweed Dictyopteris delicatula.International journal of molecular sciences, v. 12, n. 5, p. 3352-3365, 2011.

MAK, W. et al. Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida: Monthly variations and determination of antioxidant activities of fucoidan.Carbohydrate polymers, 2013.

MANDAL, Pinaki et al. Structural features and antiviral activity of sulphated fucans from the brown seaweed Cystoseira indica. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy-Institutional Subscription, v. 18, n. 3, p. 153-162, 2007.

MATSUBARA, Kiminori et al. Effects of middle molecular weight fucoidans on in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis of endothelial cells. International journal of molecular medicine, v. 15, n. 4, p. 695, 2005.

MCCARTHY, I. et al. Cadmium induces senescence symptoms in leaf peroxisomes of pea plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, v. 24, n. 10, p. 1065-1073, 2001.

MCCORD, Joe M. et al. Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. The New England Journal of Medicine, v. 312, n. 3, p. 159-163, 1985.

MELO, K.R.T et al. Caracterização e atividade anticoagulante de polissacarídeos sulfatados extraídos da alga marrom Dictyopteris justii. HOLOS-ISSN 1807-1600, v. 1, p. 29-40, 2012.

MELO-FILHO, Nelson M. et al. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate attenuates renal fibrosis in animals submitted to unilateral ureteral obstruction: a P-selectin-mediated event?. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, v. 299, n. 6, p. F1299-F1307, 2010.

MOE, O.W, et al. Pathophysiology of uric acid nephrolithiasis. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America, v. 31, n. 4, p. 895-914, 2002.

MOE, Orson W. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management.The lancet, v. 367, n. 9507, p. 333-344, 2006.

MORYA, V. K.; et al. Algal fucoidan: structural and size-dependent bioactivities and their perspectives. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, v. 93, n. 1, p. 71-82, 2012.

MOURÃO, P.A. et al. A. Inactivation of thrombin by afucosylated chondroitin sulfate from echinoderm. Thrombose Research, v. 102, p.167-176, 2001.

NAKAZATO, Kyoumi et al. Attenuation of N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced liver fibrosis by high‐molecular‐weight fucoidan derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, v. 25, n. 10, p. 1692-1701, 2010.

NGO, Dai-Hung et al. Biological activities and potential health benefits of bioactive peptides derived from marine organisms. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 51, n. 4, p. 378-383, 2012.

NISHINO, Takashi et al. Effects of a fucoidan on the activation of plasminogen by u- PA and t-PA. Thrombosis research, v. 99, n. 6, p. 623-634, 2000.

NOBRE, Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto et al. Fucan effect on CHO cell proliferation and migration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2013.

NOVAK, M.; VETVICKA, V. Glucans as biological response modifiers.Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, v. 9, n. 1, p. 67-75, 2009.

OUYANG, Jian-Ming et al. Renal epithelial cell injury and its promoting role in formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, v. 16, n. 3, p. 405-416, 2011.

PAIVA, Almino Afonso de O. et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Lobophora variegate on zymosan-induced arthritis in rats. International immunopharmacology, v. 11, n. 9, p. 1241-1250, 2011.

PERCIVAL, E. G. V.; MCDOWELL, R. H. Chemistry and enzymology of marine algal polysaccharides. London: Academic Press, p. 219, 1967.

POMIN, Vitor H. Structure–function relationship of anticoagulant and antithrombotic well-defined sulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates. Adv. Food Nutr. Res, v. 65, p. 195-209, 2012.

PRIETO, P.; PINEDA, M.; AGUILAR, M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, v. 269, n. 2, p. 337-341, 1999.

RENN, Donald. Biotechnology and the red seaweed polysaccharide industry: status, needs and prospects. Trends in Biotechnology, v. 15, n. 1, p. 9-14, 1997.

RIBEIRO, A.C et al. A sulfated α-L-fucan from sea cucumber.Carbohydrate research, v. 255, p. 225-240, 1994.

RIOUX, Laurie-Eve; TURGEON, Sylvie L.; BEAULIEU, Martin. Structural characterization of laminaran and galactofucan extracted from the brown seaweed< i> Saccharina longicruris</i>. Phytochemistry, v. 71, n. 13, p. 1586-1595, 2010. ROCHA, F. B. et al. Produtos naturais de algas marinhas e seu potencial antioxidante. Brazilian Journal of Farmacognosy, v. 17, n. 4, p. 631-639, 2007 ROCHA, H. A. O. ; COSTA, L. S. ; LEITE, E. L. Structural and Biological Insights into Antitumor Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides, (Cap 11) Em: Seaweed: Ecology,

Nutrient Composition and Medicinal Uses. Nova York: Nova Publishers, Ed. 1. 2012

ROCHA, H. A. O. et al. A fucan from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi inhibits Chinese hamster ovary cell adhesion to several extracellular matrix proteins. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v. 34, p. 621-626, 2001.

ROCHA, H. A. O. et al. Structural and hemostatic activities of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Spatoglossum schröederi. An ideal antithrombotic agent? Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 280, p. 41278-41288, 2005a

ROCHA, H. A. O. Extração e purificação de uma fucana da alga marinha

Spatoglossum schröederi. São Paulo-SP, 1998 [Tese - Mestrado Universidade

Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Depto. de Bioquímica].

RUPÉREZ, P.; AHRAZEM, O.; LEAL, J. A. Potential antioxidant capacity of sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, n. 4, p. 840-845, 2002.

RUSSELL, R. G. G.; FLEISCH, H. Inhibitors in urinary stone disease: Role of pyrophosphate. Urinary Calculi. Karger, Basel München Paris London New York Sidney, v. 307, 1973.

SELVAM, Ramasamy. Calcium oxalate stone disease: role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants. Urological research, v. 30, n. 1, p. 35-47, 2002.

SHAO, Jie et al. Potent Methyl Oxidation of 5-Methyl-2′-deoxycytidine by Halogenated Quinoid Carcinogens and Hydrogen Peroxide via a Metal-independent Mechanism. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2013.

SILVA, T. M. A. et al. Partial characterization and anticoagulant activity of a heterofucan from the brown seaweed Padina gymnospora. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research, v. 38, n. 4, p. 523-533, 2005.

SIMIC, M. G. Mechanisms of inhibition of free-radical processes in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Mutagenesis Research, v. 202, n. 2, p. 377-386, 1988.

SOUZA, M. C. et al. Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from brown and red seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 19, p. 153-160, 2007.

SVINGEN, B. A_ et al. The mechanism of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. The propagation of lipid peroxidation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 254, n. 13, p. 5892-5899, 1979.

TELLES, Cinthia et al. Sulfation of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-cajualters its antioxidant, anticoagulant and antiproliferative properties in vitro. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 85, n. 3, p. 514-521, 2011.

VALKO, M. et al. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions, v. 160, p. 1-40, 2006

VEENA, Coothan Kandaswamy et al. Beneficial role of sulfated polysaccharides from edible seaweed Fucus vesiculosus in experimental hyperoxaluria. Food chemistry, v. 100, n. 4, p. 1552-1559, 2007.

VERHAGEN, Johannes PCM. Holder for discs of different diameters. U.S. Patent n. 4,928,271, 22 maio 1990.

VILELA-SILVA, A.C.E.S et al. Sulfated fucans from the egg jellies of the closely related sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and Strongylocentrotus pallidus ensure species-specific fertilization. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 277, n. 1, p. 379-387, 2002.

WANG, J. et al. Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 42, n. 2, p. 127-132, 2008.

WANG, J. et al. Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 42, n. 2, p. 127-132, 2008.

WANG, J. et al. Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 46, p. 6-12, 2010.

WANG, J. et al. Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 46, p. 6-12, 2009.

Wang, Y.-J.; Wanga, B.; Yaoa, S.-J.; Guana, Y.-X.; Wuc, T.-X.; Kennedy, J.F. A novel process for preparation of (1/3)-b-D-glucan sulphate by a heterogeneous reaction and its structural elucidation. Carbohydr. Polym. 2005, 59, 93–99.

WICKENS, A. P. Ageing and the free radical theory. Respiratory Physiology, v. 128, n. 3, p. 379-391, 2001.

XUE, C. et al. Antioxidative activities of several marine polysaccharides evaluated in a phosphatidylcholine-liposomal suspension and organic solventes. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, v. 62, p. 206-209, 1998.

YANG, X. B. et al. Sulfation of a polysaccharide produced by a marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108 alters its antioxidant properties in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, v. 1725, n. 1, p. 120-127, 2005.

YAO, Xiu-Qiong et al. Inhibition on calcium oxalate crystallization and repair on injured renal epithelial cells of degraded soybean polysaccharide.Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 90, n. 1, p. 392-398, 2012.

YOKOTA, Takashi et al. Increased effect of fucoidan on lipoprotein lipase secretion in adipocytes. Life sciences, v. 84, n. 15, p. 523-529, 2009.

YU, Shi-Liang et al. Oxalate impairs aminophospholipid translocase activity in renal epithelial cells via oxidative stress: implications for calcium oxalate urolithiasis. The Journal of urology, v. 186, n. 3, p. 1114-1120, 2011.

YUAN, Y.V.; WALSH, N.A. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 7, 1144–1150, 2006.

ZHANG, Chao-Yan et al. Antioxidant properties of polysaccharide from the brown seaweed Sargassum graminifolium (Turn.), and its effects on calcium oxalate crystallization. Marine drugs, v. 10, n. 1, p. 119-130, 2012.

ZHANG, Q. et al. Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Porphyra haitanesis. Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 15, p. 6, 2003.

ZHANG, Z. et al. Extraction of the polysaccharides from five algae and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 82, p. 118-121, 2010.

ZHAO, T. et al. Degradation of porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis and the antioxidant activities of the degraded porphyrans with different molecular weight. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 38, n. 1, p. 45-50, 2006.

ZHAO, X.; XUE, C.; LI, B. Study of antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica. Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 20, n. 4, p. 431-436, 2007.

ZHOU, J. et al. Preliminary studies on the chemical characterization and antioxidant properties of acidic polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, v. 9, n. 9, p. 721-727, 2008.

ZVYAGINTSEVA, Tatiana N. et al. Inhibition of complement activation by water- soluble polysaccharides of some far-eastern brown seaweeds.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, v. 126, n. 3, p. 209-215, 2000.

Documentos relacionados