Esta é a primeira análise proteômica shotgun demonstrando o perfil de expressão de proteínas de C. violaceum submetida à microgravidade simulada. A partir dos dados analisados podemos concluir que este procarioto sofre uma série de alterações a nível proteico que tem por consequência alterações no mecanismo de obtenção de energia e na regulação de processos que levam à redução da síntese de transcritos e de proteínas, consequentemente, diminuído a proliferação celular.
As principais alterações na expressão estão relacionadas a proteínas que participam de processos como síntese proteica, resposta ao estresse, reguladores de transcrição e tradução, proteínas do metabolismo energético, metabolismo de aminoácidos, controle pós traducional e proteínas de ligação ao DNA. Estas mudanças em C. violaceum, provavelmente, ocorrem em função do estresse causado pela microgravidade (Figura 53).
Neste estudo, nove proteínas hipotéticas foram identificadas diferencialmente expressas no proteoma de C. violaceum em MG5 e seis identificadas em MG12. Dentre elas, sete não possuem nenhum domínio com função conhecida. Além disso, nove proteínas hipotéticas foram identificadas exclusivamente no proteoma MG12 (ausente no controle) e uma no proteoma MG5, das quais oito apresentam domínios com função conhecida, sendo duas hipotéticas sem nenhuma informação para com sua funcionalidade. A identificação de proteínas hipotéticas gera uma perspectiva para estudos futuros que visem à caracterização destas proteínas para elucidação do seu funcionamento. A investigação do papel destas proteínas hipotéticas pode levar a identificação de proteínas envolvidas especificamente na regulação de processos biológicos em resposta a microgravidade ou na identificação de proteínas com elevado interesse biotecnológico.
O presente estudo fornece informações relevantes das alterações no perfil de expressão pelos quais a C. violaceum responde para sobreviver em condições simuladas de microgravidade, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento da fisiologia dos microorganismos submetidos a estas condições, permitindo inferências para os seres vivos em geral e abrindo novas perspectivas para estudos neste campo.
Figura 54. Modelo representativo das principais alterações na expressão de proteínas de C. violaceum
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