de protocolos de sequenciamento multiplex de bact´erias utilizando dados Illumina e ONT permitir˜ao a produ¸c˜ao de genomas de alt´ıssima qualidade com ´otimo custo benef´ıcio.
Em termos de anota¸c˜ao, foi poss´ıvel identificar que a Kp31 faz parte de um pato- tipo, o ST11, considerado de alto risco `a sa´ude p´ublica mundial por ser frequentemente associado `a incorpora¸c˜ao conjunta de diversos genes de virulˆencia e de resistˆencia a an- tibi´oticos (Wang et al., 2018; Jia et al., 2019; Fuga et al., 2020; van Dorp et al., 2019). A caracteriza¸c˜ao genˆomica da Kp31 revela que esta ´e multirresistente a antibi´oticos, viru- lenta e hipermucoviscosa. Estes achados reeditam alertas quanto ao surgimento de cepas bacterianas de alt´ıssimo risco caracterizados pela convergˆencia de genes de resistˆencia e virulˆencia. Complementarmente, a an´alise deste isolado evidencia alguns debates recen- tes quanto `a utiliza¸c˜ao sinˆonima dos termos hipervirulˆencia e hipermucoviscosidade. Os resultados corroboram com a ideia de dois fen´otipos diferentes mas complementares in- troduzido por Catal´an-N´ajera em 2017. Portanto, denota-se que a hipervirulˆencia ´e um fen´otipo bastante complexo e ainda pouco compreendido que demanda esfor¸cos mundiais para a defini¸c˜ao de novos biomarcadores e o estabelecimento de um consenso (Harada e Doia, 2018). Al´em disso, apesar do isolado Kp31 apresentar fen´otipo de hipermuco- viscosidade, esta cepa n˜ao apresenta os genes RmpA/A2, geralmente identificados como respons´aveis pelo fen´otipo. O que corrobora com outros estudos que tamb´em identificam este padr˜ao (Fang et al., 2004; Cubero et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019). Este resultado, demonstra a necessidade de mais estudos acerca do fen´otipo de hipermucoviscosidade e seus determinantes. Por´em, fortalece uma proposi¸c˜ao recente sobre a utiliza¸c˜ao destes genes como marcadores da hipervirulˆencia (Russo e Marr, 2019; Harada e Doia, 2018).
Como um todo, estes resultados refor¸cam alertas quanto a necessidade do estabe- lecimento de programas de vigilˆancia de pat´ogenos. A compara¸c˜ao das an´alises in silico do isolado Kp31 com resultados experimentais demonstrou a confiabilidade da genˆomica para a identifica¸c˜ao de genes de resistˆencia e a predi¸c˜ao de fen´otipos. Portanto, a veloci- dade e confiabilidade das an´alises obtidas atrav´es dos pipelines desenvolvidos neste estudo demonstram seu grande potencial de aplica¸c˜ao em estudos epidemiol´ogicos e disponibili- zam arsenal t´ecnico que abre caminho para o desenvolvimento de programas de vigilˆancia atrav´es de genomas, a vigilˆancia genˆomica.
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