O sono, ritmo circadiano essencial à vida, é um importante fator do estilo de vida que tem sido associado ao consumo alimentar, de modo que dormir com qualidade e em quantidade adequada parece estar relacionado a uma alimentação de melhor qualidade, com maior presença de alimentos saudáveis e menor de marcadores não saudáveis na alimentação dos adolescentes.
Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo apontam para a mesma direção. Estes mostraram que a cada hora de sono, o consumo de refrigerante diminuiu em média 5% a frequência semanal de consumo da bebida após ações educativas com o objetivo de melhorar hábitos alimentares e redução do peso excessivo. Este resultado é importante tratando-se da alimentação do adolescente e por este ser um importante marcador não saudável da alimentação que contribui para o excesso de peso, aumento do consumo de calorias, açúcares, que são fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. É importante destacar que esse resultado foi observado após avaliar a modificação da frequência semanal do consumo segundo duração do sono, indicando, portanto, que o sono com mais horas de duração pode estar relacionado a mudança alimentar e ser um importante fator a ser considerado em intervenções para mudança do estilo de vida. Todavia, não foi possível determinar qual o período de horas de sono que essa mudança estaria associada.
Avaliar o consumo alimentar a partir do questionário de frequência alimentar permitiu trabalhar o consumo a partir da frequência semanal do consumo de alimentos, medida de fácil interpretação e que tem sido utilizada em pesquisas como a PeNSE e utilizada em recomendações alimentares para a população.
Estudos que avaliem a modificação do consumo alimentar dos adolescentes e a duração do sono, após práticas educativas não foram encontrados, e este estudo apresenta esta nova informação. Pesquisas com mensuração mais específica sobre a duração e qualidade do sono ao longo do estudo, assim como o consumo alimentar, seriam interessantes para melhor compreender como ocorre essa relação ao longo do tempo, a fim de que haja melhores evidências sobre o papel do sono na mudança do comportamento alimentar e poder instituí-lo como alvo de mudança nas intervenções e fazer parte das recomendações para melhoria do estilo de vida de adolescentes.
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