A literatura científica e patentária aponta uma série de ácidos de base biológica passíveis de serem obtidos a partir da biomassa. Alguns têm processos produtivos consolidados, enquanto outros têm o grande desafio de superar as barreiras técnicas e econômicas para se consolidarem em um mercado altamente competitivo, dominado por produtos petroquímicos. Indiscutivelmente, os maiores mercados são os mais atrativos, e pequenas melhorias em produtos e processos pré ‑existentes podem representar grandes ganhos para a indústria. Assim, para os ácidos da Classe 1, nota‑ ‑se uma busca continuada por melhoria de processos, especialmente a diversificação de matérias ‑primas. Para os ácidos da Classe 2, entretanto, além das questões técnicas e econômicas, há a barreira de entrar em um mercado de grandes commodities, liderado pela tradicional indústria petroquímica, cujo mercado não irá facilmente aceitar a substituição se não houver incentivos (ou exigências) para uma cadeia mais complexa a ser formada de matérias ‑primas renováveis, especialmente em se tratando de biomassas.
Resta assim a perspectiva de novo produtos, com propriedades diferenciadas, com maior valor agregado. Assim, têm ‑se os produtos da Classe 3, com a possiblidade de novos intermediários para fármacos, agricultura e principalmente, para abarcar uma fatia dos polímeros petroquímicos. Por possuírem características únicas, como biodegradabilidade ou biocompatibilidade, podem justificar custos mais elevados de produção ou uma cadeia logística mais complexa.
Nesse sentido, é imprescindível a consulta recorrente da literatura científica, seja ela científica ou patentária. Este estudo mostrou que ainda predomina a pesquisa envolvendo os ácidos de maior volume. No entanto, os produtos da Classe 3 devem ser monitorados para se avaliar quais seguirão nesse cenário e quais não seguirão adiante. Os resultados analíticos aqui expostos indicam um cenário bastante promissor para os ácidos carboxílicos de base biológica.
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