Os animais acometidos pela hipersensibilidade alimentar, representa 10% das dermatites alérgicas (SCOTT et al., 1995). Normalmente, são animais com menos de um ano de idade, ressaltando assim, Rosser (1993) e White (1986), que a hipersensibilidade não tem predisposição sexual.
Dentre os alérgenos, o leite é considerado como um dos alimentos mais importantes nos quadros de alergia e intolerância alimentar, tanto na espécie humana como na canina, apresentando pelo menos vinte tipos de proteínas diferentes (LESSOF, 1988). Jeffers et al. (1996), em análise estatística de seu estudo identificou a carne bovina e a soja como alérgeno para cães, comparando com outras cinco proteínas. Nos estudos de Paterson, (1995) foi confirmado que a carne bovina foi responsável por 65% dos casos de alergia, seguindo-se o trigo com 25%, o ovo com 20%, a carne ovina com 25%, e a carne de frango com 10% e trinta e cinco por cento dos cães apresentaram reação alimentar a mais de um antígeno.
A reação imunomediada a um alimento ou aditivo alimentar, pode ocorrer em qualquer idade e é comum em cães (MEDLEAU; HNILICA, 2003).
Kunkle; Horner (1992), concluíram em seus estudos que, apenas 33% dos cães apresentaram reação do teste intradérmico positivo a alimentos e salienta que o teste intradérmico não se mostra confiável com relação ao diagnóstico de alergia alimentar em cães.
Baseado no diagnóstico da hipersensibilidade alimentar, o tratamento é feito com dietas caseiras e hipoalergênicas (WILLEMSE, 1998). Sendo que, as dietas caseiras são utilizadas apesar da dificuldade de balanceamento nutricional, ela apresenta vantagens por serem isentas de aditivos alimentares. Na maioria das vezes apresentam: excesso de proteína, baixos teores de ferro e taurina e desproporção da relação de Ca:P (ROUDEBUSH; COWELL, 1992).
Pode-se concluir que a hipersensibilidade alimentar causa distúrbio cutâneo provocado por componentes da dieta, possui difícil diagnóstico e o tratamento deve ser feito através de dietas caseiras e comerciais hipoalergênicas. Embora, estudos demonstrem que, a eliminação do alérgeno alimentar pode levar à melhoria de sintomas na pele e o desafio repetido pode levar ao agravamento dos mesmos.
34
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