A exploração do potencial de aproveitamento de energia solar PV em ambiente urbano é crucial não só numa perspetiva de segurança no abastecimento de energia, mas também face à crescente tendência da descentralização da produção de eletricidade e eletrificação do sector de fornecimento de energia que permite conferir uma maior autonomia e autossuficiência às comunidades urbanas. Nessa medida torna-se necessário desenvolver não só o potencial técnico para a sua implementação, mas também considerar a componente social associada à integração de tecnologias de energia renovável.
Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram frequentemente identificadas oportunidades para aprofundar diferentes aspetos do tema. Uma avaliação comparativa entre diferentes tecnologias PV numa perspetiva técnico-económica foi uma componente que não ficou estabelecida nos objetivos iniciais da dissertação, e por isso não foi abordado. De facto, apenas foi considerado um tipo de painel PV, nomeadamente, o silício multi-cristalino, e a viabilidade económica para a sua implementação também não foi abordada. Recomenda-se estudos posteriores onde tais oportunidades sejam investigadas
Adicionalmente, sugere-se investigar a viabilidade económica para o aproveitamento de energia solar térmica, e a semelhança do que foi feito neste trabalho, desenvolver sobre a contribuição de tal tecnologia à escala urbana, para a redução das emissões e do consumo energético nos edifícios residenciais.
A revisão de literatura abordou algumas oportunidades de negócio associadas a implementação de energia renovável nas cidades, à luz do surgimento de novas tecnologias TIC e da distribuição descentralizada de energia em microrredes, no entanto uma abordagem aprofundada sobre tais oportunidades exige uma análise socioeconómica focada no desenvolvimento económico empregabilidade local.
Relativamente a metodologia estabelecida, serve o presente trabalho, como um base, onde posteriormente possam ser identificadas oportunidades para identificar a complementaridade existente entre outros sectores económicos e o sector residencial, uma vez que a utilização de consumos típicos do sector económico focou-se apenas sobre os serviços, correspondentes a pequenas lojas e estabelecimentos de comércio tradicional. Uma avaliação sobre que tipos de atividades económicas são mais coincidentes com o sector residencial, em termos de consumo, podem contribuir, em grande medida, para uma melhor avaliação da complementaridade entre estes dois sectores.
A avaliação do potencial técnico para sistemas PV em edifícios residenciais também exige uma abordagem focada nas tipologias de sistemas usados para autoconsumo, nomeadamente, sistemas isolados da rede (off-grid), com ligação à rede (grid connected ou grid tied) e sistemas híbridos que conjugam sistemas com ligação à rede e acumulação de eletricidade com recurso a sistemas de armazenamento. Devido à sua especificidade, a utilização de baterias não foi abordada nas análises realizadas neste trabalho mas é de especial importância não só face à necessidade armazenamento de eletricidade ou outro esquema
131 compatível com a deslocação horária entre geração e o consumo de eletricidade ao longo do dia, mas também quando consideramos a hipótese de partilha de eletricidade entre diferentes tipos de consumidores em edifícios de uso misto, onde se pode verificar assincronismo nos seus perfis de eletricidade diários. Assim, a utilização de baterias em estudos sobre o potencial de tecnologia PV em ambientes urbanos é uma consideração que se propõe para desenvolvimentos futuros.
133
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