mostrando-se assim sensível ao contraste de tipo de solo/disponibilidade de água para as plantas
especialmente para a quebra de dormência das gemas de flores na estação seca, com menor
umidade do ar e início da elevação do fotoperíodo. Os padrões reprodutivos não variaram
consideravelmente entre os anos em cada sítio e a manutenção de recursos parece favorecer as
interações com predadores de sementes em pré-dispersão e dispersores de sementes da espécie.
75
REFERÊNCIAS
ALTMANN, J. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behavior, v. 69, p.
227-263, 1974.
ALVARES, C. A. et al. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische
Zeitschrift, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, 2013.
AYRES, M. et al. Bioestat: aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências bio-médicas. 5ª.
edn. Belém, ONG Mamiraua, 2007.
Azevedo, I. F. P. et al. Phenology of riparian tree species in a transitional region in southeastern
Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, v. 37, n. 1, p. 47-59, 2014.
BARROSO, G.M. et al. Frutos e sementes: morfologia aplicada à sistemática de
dicotiledôneas. Viçosa, Editora UFV. p. 443, 1999.
BORCHET, R.; RIVERA, G.; HAGNAUER W. Modification of vegetative phenology in a
tropical semi-deciduous forest by abnormal drought and rain. Biotropica, v. 34, p. 27-39, 2002.
BORGES, M.R.; MELO, C. Frugivory and seed dispersal of Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.)
Cogniaux (Melastomataceae) by birds in a transition palm swamp-gallery forest in Central
Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany, v. 72, n. 1, p. 25-31, 2012.
CALLE, Z. et al. Seasonal variation in daily insolation induces synchronous bud break and
flowering in the tropics. Trees, v. 24, p. 865-877, 2010.
CBRO - Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos. Lista de aves do Brasil, 2015.
Disponivel em: https://www.taxeus.com.br/lista/10879?o=eadeodefmees. Acesso em: 20 de
maio de 2019.
CHAMBERS, L.E. et al. Phenological Changes in the Southern Hemisphere. PLOS ONE, v.
76
CHRISTIANINI, A.V.; OLIVEIRA, P.S. Edge effects decrease ant-derived benefits to
seedlings in a neotropical savanna. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, v. 7, p. 191–199, 2013.
DOI 10.1007/s11829-012-9229-9.
CHRISTIANINI, A.V. Crop size infl uences pre-dispersal seed predation in the Brazilian
Cerrado. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 32, n. 1, p. 135-140, 2018. DOI:
10.1590/0102-33062017abb0306.
CHUINE, I. Why does phenology drive species distribution? Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society B. Biological Sciences, v. 365, n. 1555, p. 3149-3160, 2010.
COUTO, A.P.L.; FUNCH, L.S.; CONCEIÇÃO, A.A. Composição florística e fitofisionomia
de floresta estacional semidecídua submontana na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil.
Rodriguésia, v. 62, n. 2, p. 391-405, 2011.
COUTO-SANTOS, A.P.L, CONCEIÇÃO, A.A.; FUNCH, L.S. The role of temporal scale in
linear edge effects on a submontane atlantic forest arboreal community. Acta Botanica
Brasilica, v. 29, n. 2, p. 190-197, 2015.
CRAWLEY, M.J.; GILLMAN, P. Population Dynamics of Cinnabar Moth and Ragwort in
Grassland. Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 58, n. 3, p. 1035-1050, 1989.
CTVRTECKA, R.; SAM, K.; BRUS, E. Frugivorous weevils are too rare to cause Janzen–
Connell effects in New Guinea lowland rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 30, p.
521–535, 2014.
CUSTODIO, L.N. et al. Pre-dispersal seed predation and abortion in species of Callisthene and
Qualea (Vochysiaceae) in a Neotropical savanna. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 28, n. 3, p.
309-320, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/0102-33062014abb3064.
DAVIES, T.J. et al.. Phylogenetic conservatism in plant phenology. Journal of Ecology, v.
101, n. 6, p. 1520-1530, 2013. DOI: https://DOI.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12154.
77
DUNHAM, A. E. et al. Fruiting phenology is linked to rainfall variability in a tropical rain
forest. Biotropica, v. 50, n. 3, p. 396-404, 2018.
ESCOBAR, D.F.E.; SILVEIRA, F.A.O.; MORELLATO, L.P.C. Timing of seed dispersal and
seed dormancy in Brazilian savanna: two solutions to face seasonality. Annals of Botany, v.
121, p. 1197–1209, 2018.
FERREIRA, D.F. Sisvar: um sistema computacional de análise estatística. Ciência e
Agrotecnologia, v. 35, n. 6, p. 1039-1042, 2011.
FERREIRA, A. G.; BORGHETTI, F. Germinação: do básico ao aplicado. Porto Alegre:
Artmed, p. 323, 2004.
FIGUEIREDO, R.A. et al. Reproductive ecology of the exotic tree Muntingia Calabura L.
(Muntingiaceae) In Southeastern Brazil. R. Árvore, Viçosa-MG, v. 32, n. 6, p. 993-999,
2008.
FLORA DO BRASIL, 2020. Hirtella. In: Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim
Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2019. Disponível em:
<http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB171>. Acesso em: 18 de junho 2019.
FOURNIER, L.A. Un método cuantitativo para la medición de características fenológicas
en árboles. Turrialba v. 24, p. 422-423, 1974.
FRANCISCO, M.R.; GALLETI, M. Aves como potenciais dispersoras de sementes de Ocotea
pulchella Mart. (Lauraceae) numa área de vegetação de cerrado do sudeste brasileiro. Revista
Brasileira de botânica, v. 25, n. 1, p. 11-17, 2002.
FRANCISCO, M.R. et al. Factors affecting seed predation of Eriotheca gracilipes
(Bombacaceae) by parakeets in a cerrado fragment. Acta Oecologica, v. 33, p. 240-245, 2008.
FUNCH, L.S. et al. Florestas estacionais semideciduais. In: JUNCA F.A. et al. 2008. Floristic
aspects of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. In: THOMAS, W.W. (ed.) The Atlantic
78
coastal Forests of Northeastern Brazil. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, v. 100, p.
193-220, 2005.
FUNCH, L.S. et al. (Orgs.). Plantas Úteis da Chapada Diamantina. RiMa, 2004.
FUNCH, L.S.; ROCHA, W. Biodiversidade e conservação da Chapada Diamantina.
Brasília, Ministério do Meio Ambiente. p. 181-193, 2002.
FUNCH, L.S. Florestas da região Norte do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina e seu
entorno. p. 63-77. In: FUNCH, L.S. et al. (orgs.). Serra do Sincorá: Parque Nacional da
Chapada Diamantina. Feira de Santana. Radami Editora Gráfica, 2008.
FUNCH, L.S. Composição florística e fenologia de mata ciliar e mata de encosta adjacentes
ao rio Lençóis, Chapada diamantina, Bahia. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual de
Campinas, UNICAMP, Brasil, 1997.
FYNN, R.W.S.; MORRIS, C.D.; Kirkman, K.P. Plant strategies and trait trade-offs influence
trends in competitive ability along gradients of soil fertility and disturbance. Journal of
Ecology, v. 93, p. 384-394, 2005.
GRIPENBERG, S. Do pre-dispersal insect seed predators contribute to maintaining tropical
forest plant diversity? Biotropica, v. 50, n. 6, p. 839–845, 2018.
GUERRA, T.J. et al. Intraspecific variation in fruit–frugivore interactions: effects of fruiting
neighborhood and consequences for seed dispersal. Oecologia, v. 185, p. 233–243, 2017. DOI
10.1007/s00442-017-3943-z.
HARPER, J.L.; LOVELL, P.H.; MOORE, K.G. The shapes and sizes of seeds. Annual Review
of Ecology and Systematics, v. 1, p. 327-356, 1970.
HEIL, M.; MCKEY, D. Protective ant-plant interactions as model systems in ecological and
evolutionary research. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 34, p.
425-453, 2003.
79
HERRERA, C.M. Correlated evolution of fruit and leaf size in bird-dispersed plants:
species-level variance in fruit traits explained a bit further? Oikos, v. 97, n. 3, p. 426-432, 2002. DOI:
http://dx.DOI.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970312.x.
HOWE, H.F.; SMALLWOOD, J. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and
Systematics, v. 13, p. 201-228, 1982.
JACOMASSA, F.A.F. Frugivory and seed dispersal of Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal
(Solanaceae) by birds in deciduous seasonal forest. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v. 76, n. 4,
p. 818-823, 2016.
JANZEN, D.H. Seeding patterns of tropical trees. In: Tommilson PB, Zimmermanm MH
(eds.). Tropical trees as living systems. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 88-128,
1976.
JANZEN, D.H. Specificity of seed-attacking beetles in a Costa Rican deciduous forest. Journal
of Ecology, v. 68, p. 929-952, 1980.
JORDANO, P. Fruits and frugivory. In: FENNER, M. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in
plant communities. p. 125-166, 2000.
KAZAN, K.; LYONS, R. The link between flowering time and stress tolerance. Journal of
Experimental Botany, v. 67, n. 1, p. 47-60, 2016. DOI:10.1093/jxb/erv441.
KOLB, A.; EHRLEN, J.; ERIKSSON O. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of spatial
and temporal variation in pre-dispersal seed predation. Perspectives in Plant Ecology
Evolution and Systematics, v. 9, p. 79-100, 2007.
KON, H. et al. Evolutionary advantages of mast seeding in Fagus crenata. Journal of Ecology,
v. 93, p. 1148-1155, 2005.
80