CONCLUSIONS

This study evaluated the SMA of four sludges from different treatment systems through a straightforward and low-cost method (direct volumetric measurement), which may be applied to laboratories and WWTPs without robust infrastructure for monitoring anaerobic bioreactors in terms of sludge quality, treatment potential, and biogas productivity. Nevertheless, the experiment presented SMA results below those generally reported in the literature,possibly because the TVS rather than VSS concentration was employed to calculate the methanogenic potential of the samples.

Despite this, it was still possible to compare and select the most promising inoculum among the sludge samples evaluated. The university WWTP UASB reactor sample presented a higher cumulative CH4 yield in a more extended log phase, despite not presenting the highest SMA among the assessed samples. Furthermore, this sample may have a higher capacity for adaptability to adverse conditions of some wastewater since the system from which it derives treats university sewage – which contains inhibiting substances for anaerobic microbiota.

Therefore, we concluded that it is the most suitable biomass to be used as inoculum for the lab-scale UASB reactor, possibly allowing faster adaptation during the system start-up and higher substrate degradation efficiency and biogas yield.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), and Parque Francisco de Assis kennel for kindly providing samples for this experiment. The author J. C. de Siqueira also wishes to thankfully acknowledge the financial support of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) [Finance Code 001].

90 REFERENCES

ABREU, E. F.; ARAÚJO, J. C. Ensaio de Atividade Metanogênica Específica (AME) para lodos anaeróbios. Procedimento Operacional Padrão. Belo Horizonte: Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – UFMG, 2011. 27 p. Documento da Rede PROSAB Microbiologia para o Saneamento Ambiental. 2011.

AHMED, A. M. S.; BUEZO, K. A.; SAADY, N. M. C. Adapting anaerobic consortium to pure and complex lignocellulose substrates at low temperature: kinetics evaluation. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, v. 8, p. 99-110, 2019. DOI:

10.1007/s40093-018-0238-2

ALMEIDA, M. T. et al. Comparação entre atividade metanogênica específica de lodos anaeróbios tratando efluentes de conservas vegetais, laticínios e parbolização do arroz. XX Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UFPel, Conference proceedings, Pelotas, 2011.

Available at: https://www2.ufpel.edu.br/cic/2011/anais/pdf/CA/CA_00248.pdf. Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021.

ALVES, L. C., CAMMAROTA, M. C., FRANÇA, F. P. Inibição de lodo biológico anaeróbio por constituintes de efluente de laboratório de controle de poluição. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, v. 10, n. 3, p. 236-242, 2005. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-41522005000300008

ALVES, R. G. C. M. et al. Digestores anaeróbios para tratamento de dejetos suínos – avaliação de partida para diferentes configurações de reatores. XXIII Congresso de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Conference proceedings, Campo Grande, 2005.

APARICIO, E. et al. Biofuels production of third generation biorefinery from macroalgal biomass in the Mexican context: An overview. In: TORRES, M. D.; KRAAN, S.;

DOMINGUEZ, H. (eds.). Sustainable Seaweed Technologies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2020. p.

393-446. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817943-7.00015-9. Accessed: 20 Jan. 2022.

APHA; AWWA; WEF. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.

20. ed. Washington: APHA/AWWA/WEF, 2012. 1496 p.

AQUINO, S. F. et al. Metodologias para determinação da Atividade Metanogênica Específica (AME) em Lodos Anaeróbios. Revista Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, v. 12, n. 2, p. 192-201, 2007. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-41522007000200010

91 BARROS, A. R. M. et al. Acompanhamento da partida de reator UASB através da atividade metanogênica específica – AME. In: V Congresso Norte-Nordeste de Pesquisa e Inovação – CONNEPI, Conference proceedings, Maceió, 2010. Available at:

http://congressos.ifal.edu.br/index.php/connepi/CONNEPI2010/paper/viewFile/859/607.

Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021.

BERTOLINO, S. M.; CARVALHO, C. F.; AQUINO, S. F. Caracterização e biodegradabilidade aeróbia e anaeróbia dos esgotos produzidos em campus universitário.

Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, v. 13, n. 3, p. 271-277, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-41522008000300005

CAPOSCIUTTI, G. et al. Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?. Energies, v. 13, n. 3, p. 743, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/en13030743

CHERNICHARO, C. A. Princípios do tratamento biológico de águas residuárias: Reatores anaeróbios. 2. ed. Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - DESA/UFMG, Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2016. 379 p.

CORDEIRO, A. L. et al. Atividade Metanogênica Específica: Metodologias simplificada e automatizada para lodos de reatores anaeróbios. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, v. 13, n. 5, p. 661-665, 2018. DOI: 10.18378/rvads.v13i5.6282 CZATZKOWSKA, M. et al. Inhibitors of the methane fermentation process with particular emphasis on the microbiological aspect: A review. Energy Science & Engineering, v. 8, p.

1880-1897, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/ese3.609

DYKSMA, S.; JANSEN, L.; GALLERT, C. Syntrophic acetate oxidation replaces acetoclastic methanogenesis during thermophilic digestion of biowaste. Microbiome, v. 8, n. 105, 2020.

DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00862-5

FAGERSTRÖM, A. et al. The role of Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas in the Circular Economy. Murphy, J.D. (ed.). Report – IEA Bioenergy 37, 2018. 24 p. Available at:

https://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/anaerobic-digestion_web_END.pdf. Accessed: 22 Jan. 2022.

HUSSAIN, A.; DUBEY, S. K. Specific methanogenic activity test for anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, v. 52, p. 7015-7025, 2013. DOI:

10.1080/19443994.2013.823116

92 JIJAI, S. et al. Specific Methanogenic Activities (SMA) and Biogas Production of Different Granules Size and Substrates. The 1^st Environment and Natural Resources International Conference, Conference proceedings, Bangkok, 2014. Available at:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316062752_Specific_Methanogenic_Activities_SM A_and_Biogas_Production_of_Different_Granules (2014). Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021.

KARNCHANAWONG, S.; UPARAWANNA, S. Performance of single-phase complete-mix anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Asian Journal on Energy and Environment, v. 8, n. 4, p. 627-634, 2007. Available at:

https://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/AJEE/10262472.pdf. Accessed: 06 Feb. 2022.

KOUGIAS, P. G. et al. Dynamic functional characterization and phylogenetic changes due to Long Chain Fatty Acids pulses in biogas reactors. Scientific Reports, n. 28810, 2016. DOI:

10.1038/srep28810

KURTH, J. M.; OP DEN CAMP, H. J. M.; WELTE, C. U. Several ways one goal – methanogenesis from unconventional substrates. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, v. 104, p. 6839-6854, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10724-7

LOZANO, C. J. S. et al. Microbiological characterization and specific methanogenic activity of anaerobe sludges used in urban solid waste treatment. Waste Management, v. 29, n. 2, p.

704-711, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.021

MONCADA, M. S. A.; SILVA, M. Q. Characterization of trophic groups throughout an anaerobic digestion process with cattle manure slurry using a low-cost method. Revista Ion, v.

29, n. 1, p. 117-123, 2016. DOI: 10.18273/revion.v29n1-2016010

MOUSSAVI, G., KAZEMBEIGI, F., FARZADKIA, M. Performance of a pilot scale up-flow septic tank for on-site decentralized treatment of residential wastewater. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, v. 88, n. 1, p. 47-52, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2009.10.001 PAEZ, S. Estudo da atividade metanogênica específica e microbiota de lodo proveniente de um reator UASB instalado na ETE-UFLA tratando esgoto sanitário. 2019. 86 p.

Monograph (Professional Master's Degree in Environmental Technologies and Innovations) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2019. Available at:

http://177.105.2.222/handle/1/38516 (2019). Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021

R CORE TEAM. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing – R version 3.6.3.

Software. 2020. Available at: https://www.R-project.org. Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021.

93 ROCHA, M. A. G. et al. Avaliação e comparação entre a atividade metanogênica específica de lodos de esgotos doméstico e industriais. 21^o Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Conference proceedings, João Pessoa, 2001. Available at:

https://docplayer.com.br/70658336-Ii-115-avaliacao-e-comparacao-entre-a-atividade-metanogenica-especifica-de-lodos-de-esgotos-domestico-e-industriais.html. Accessed: 28 Mar. 2021.

SINGH, S. et al. Acetotrophic Activity Facilitates Methanogenesis from LCFA at Low Temperatures: Screening from Mesophilic Inocula. Archaea, v. 2019, p. 1-16, 2019. DOI:

10.1155/2019/1751783

SOUTO, T.F. et al. Influence of incubation conditions on the specific methanogenic activity test. Biodegradation, v. 21, p. 411-424, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9311-x

TCHOBANOGLOUS, G.; BURTON, F. L.; STENSEL, H. D. Wastewater Engineering:

Treatment and Reuse. 4 ed. Boston: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 2003. 25 p.

TSAPEKOS, P.; ALVARADO-MORALES, M.; ANGELIDAKI, I. H2 competition between homoacetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea during biomethanation from a combined experimental-modelling approach. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, v. 10, n. 2, p. 107281, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107281

VELUCHAMY, C.; KALAMDHAD, A. S. Biochemical methane potential test for pulp and paper mill sludge with different food / microorganisms ratios and its kinetics. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, v. 117, p. 197-204, 2017. DOI:

10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.01.005

VON SPERLING, M. Urban Wastewater Treatment in Brazil. Technical note – Inter-American Development Bank IDB-TN-970, 2016. 102 p. Available at:

https://publications.iadb.org/en/urban-wastewater-treatment-brazil. Accessed: 06 Feb. 2022.

XU, S. et al. Differentiated stimulating effects of activated carbon on methanogenic degradation of acetate, propionate and butyrate. Waste Management, v. 76, p. 394-403, 2018. DOI:

10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.037

ZHANG, L. et al. Anaerobic treatment of raw domestic wastewater in a UASB-digester at 10 ºC and microbial community dynamics. Chemical Engineering Journal, v. 334, p. 2088-2097, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.073

94 PRODUTO CIENTÍFICO GERADO: Resumo expandido publicado em anais de congresso internacional

Evento: Virtual THESSALONIKI 2021 8^th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Thessaloniki, Grécia

Link da publicação:

http://uest.ntua.gr/thessaloniki2021/pdfs/THESSALONIKI_2021_Siqueira_et_al.pdf

95 ARTIGO 2 – CO-DIGESTING SUGARCANE VINASSE WITH DAIRY SECONDARY