Incapacidade e mortalidade pelo CC
3.2 Objetivos secundários
A- Comparação da frequência e padrão de sangramento pós uso de trombolítico entre os grupos com alto e baixo ICC. Os tipo de sangramento avaliados são:
Hematoma intraparenquimatoso ou sangramento satélite. Qualquer sangramento intracraniano.
4 Referências Bibliográficas da Revisão
1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997 May 3;349(9061):1269–76.
2. Ministério da Saúde. II. Brasil. ESTATÍSTICAS ESSENCIAIS 1999 – 2000 A SAÚDE. Estatística de saúde – Brasil 2 Saúde Pública 3 SUS (BR) I Brasil Ministério da Saúde II Brasil Secretaria Executiva III Título IV Série NLM WA 900. 2002;Secretaria Executiva. – Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Série G Estatística e Informação para Saúde. 2002 2002(22):1-56.
portuguese(2002(22))::1–56.
3. Caplan L. Chapter 1- Introduction and Perspective in Caplan’s stroke: a clinical approach. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2009.
4. Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, et al. Intra- arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a
randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2003–11.
5. Del Zoppo GJ, Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, Pessin MS, Rowley HA, Gent M. PROACT: a phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke. 1998;29(1):4–11. 6. Wood AJ, Brott T, Bogousslavsky J. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke. New
England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343(10):710–22.
7. Del Zoppo GJ. Mechanisms of Thormbolysis. In: Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke, Leyden PD. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press; 2005.
8. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 14;333(24):1581–7.
9. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, Lesaffre E, von Kummer R, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA. 1995 Oct 4;274(13):1017–25.
10. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, von Kummer R, Davalos A, Meier D, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II). The Lancet. 1998 Oct;352(9136):1245–51.
11. Clark WM, Wissman S, Albers GW, Jhamandas JH, Madden KP, Hamilton S. Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (Alteplase) for ischemic stroke 3 to 5 hours after symptom onset. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 1999;282(21):2019–26.
12. Marler JR. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. The Lancet. 2004
Mar;363(9411):768–74.
13. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Brozman M, Dávalos A, Guidetti D, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359(13):1317–29.
14. NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke. Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke. 1997
Nov;28(11):2119–25.
15. Lou M, Safdar A, Mehdiratta M, Kumar S, Schlaug G, Caplan L, et al. The HAT Score A simple grading scale for predicting hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Neurology. 2008;71(18):1417–23.
16. Saposnik G, Kapral MK, Liu Y, Hall R, O’Donnell M, Raptis S, et al. IScoreClinical Perspective A Risk Score to Predict Death Early After
Hospitalization for an Acute Ischemic Stroke. Circulation. 2011;123(7):739–49. 17. Saposnik G, Fang J, Kapral MK, Tu JV, Mamdani M, Austin P, et al. The iScore predicts effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2012;43(5):1315–22.
18. Strbian D, Meretoja A, Ahlhelm FJ, Pitkäniemi J, Lyrer P, Kaste M, et al. Predicting outcome of IV thrombolysis–treated ischemic stroke patients The DRAGON score. Neurology. 2012;78(6):427–32.
19. Zhu H, Hill MD. Stroke: the Elixhauser Index for comorbidity adjustment of in- hospital case fatality. Neurology. 2008 Jul 22;71(4):283–7.
20. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–83.
21. Li B, Evans D, Faris P, Dean S, Quan H. Risk adjustment performance of Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidities in ICD-9 and ICD-10 administrative databases. BMC Health Services Research. 2008;8(1):12.
22. Seet RCS, Lim ECH, Chan YH, Chan BPL, Quek AML, Ong BKC. Can
demographic and admission laboratory variables be useful to identify long-stay patients with acute ischemic stroke? A hospital-based cohort study in Singapore. Neurological Sciences. 2009 Apr 22;30(4):275–80.
23. Bar B, Hemphill JC. Charlson comorbidity index adjustment in intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2011;42(10):2944–6.
24. Goldstein LB, Samsa GP, Matchar DB, Horner RD. Charlson Index Comorbidity Adjustment for Ischemic Stroke Outcome Studies. Stroke. 2004 Jun
25. Karatepe AG, Gunaydin R, Kaya T, Turkmen G. Comorbidity in patients after stroke: impact on functional outcome. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2008;40(10):831–5.
26. Astrup J, Siesjo BK, Symon L. Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - the ischemic penumbra. Stroke. 1981 Nov 1;12(6):723–5.
27. Heiss WD, Graf R, Wienhard K, Löttgen J, Saito R, Fujita T, et al. Dynamic penumbra demonstrated by sequential multitracer PET after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994 Nov;14(6):892–902. 28. Olivot J-M, Mlynash M, Thijs VN, Kemp S, Lansberg MG, Wechsler L, et al.
Optimal Tmax Threshold for Predicting Penumbral Tissue in Acute Stroke. Stroke. 2008 Dec 24;40(2):469–75.
29. Muir KW, Buchan A, von Kummer R, Rother J, Baron J-C. Imaging of acute stroke. The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(9):755–68.
30. Campbell BC, Purushotham A, Christensen S, Desmond PM, Nagakane Y, Parsons MW, et al. The infarct core is well represented by the acute diffusion lesion: sustained reversal is infrequent. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2011;32(1):50–6.
31. Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, Hamilton S, Schlaug G, Bammer R, Kemp S, et al. Evaluation of the Clinical-Diffusion and Perfusion-Diffusion Mismatch Models in DEFUSE. Stroke. 2007 Apr 12;38(6):1826–30.
32. Lansberg MG, Straka M, Kemp S, Mlynash M, Wechsler LR, Jovin TG, et al. MRI profile and response to endovascular reperfusion after stroke (DEFUSE 2): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Oct;11(10):860–7.
33. Baron JC. Mapping the ischaemic penumbra with PET: implications for acute stroke treatment. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1999 Aug;9(4):193–201.
34. Carbonell T, Rama R. Iron, oxidative stress and early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(8):857–74.
35. Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Weber M, Gefeller O, Neundoerfer B, Heuschmann PU. Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria:
Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study. Stroke. 2001 Dec 1;32(12):2735–40.
36. Drugs acting in blood and blood forming organs. In Goodman & Gilman’s manual of pharmacology and therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008.
37. Lyden PD, Levine, S R. Preliminary studies of thrombolitic therapy for stroke p:95-110 in Leyden, P D:Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press; 2005.
38. Nafría C, Fernández-Cadenas I, Mendioroz M, Domingues-Montanari S, Hernández-Guillamón M, Fernández-Morales J, et al. Update on the Serum Biomarkers and Genetic Factors Associated with Safety and Efficacy of rt-PA Treatment in Acute Stroke Patients. Stroke Research and Treatment.
2011;2011:1–10.
39. Boomsma F, de Kam PJ, Tjeerdsma G, van den Meiracker AH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is an independent prognostic marker for mortality in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000 Nov;21(22):1859–63.
40. Boomsma F, van den Meiracker AH, Winkel S, Aanstoot HJ, Batstra MR, Man in ’t Veld AJ, et al. Circulating semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase is raised both in type I (insulin-dependent), in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and even in childhood type I diabetes at first clinical diagnosis. Diabetologia. 1999 Feb;42(2):233–7.
41. Hacke W, Zeumer H, Ferbert A, Bruckmann H, del Zoppo GJ. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke. 1988 Oct 1;19(10):1216–22.
42. Del Zoppo GJ, Ferbert A, Otis S, Bruckmann H, Hacke W, Zyroff J, et al. Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in acute carotid territory stroke. A pilot study. Stroke. 1988 Mar 1;19(3):307–13.
43. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke. The
Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial--Europe Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 18;335(3):145–50.
44. Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial--Italy (MAST- I) Group. Lancet. 1995 Dec 9;346(8989):1509–14.
45. Brott TG, Haley EC, Levy DE, Barsan W, Broderick J, Sheppard GL, et al. Urgent therapy for stroke. Part I. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered within 90 minutes. Stroke. 1992 May 1;23(5):632–40.
46. Haley EC, Levy DE, Brott TG, Sheppard GL, Wong MC, Kongable GL, et al. Urgent therapy for stroke. Part II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91-180 minutes from onset. Stroke. 1992 May 1;23(5):641–5. 47. Davis SM, Donnan GA, Parsons MW, Levi C, Butcher KS, Peeters A, et al.
Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging
Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2008;7(4):299–309.
48. Lees KR, Bluhmki E, von Kummer R, Brott TG, Toni D, Grotta JC, et al. Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled
analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS, and EPITHET trials. The Lancet. 2010 May;375(9727):1695–703.
49. IST-3 collaborative group, Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI, Dennis M, Cohen G, et al. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Jun 23;379(9834):2352–63.
50. Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, del Zoppo G, Sandercock P, Lindley RL, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an
updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2364–72.
51. Sacco RL, Shi T, Zamanillo MC, Kargman DE. Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Neurology. 1994 Apr;44(4):626–34. 52. Johnston KC, Connors AF, Wagner DP, Knaus WA, Wang X-Q, Haley EC. A
Predictive Risk Model for Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2000 Feb 1;31(2):448–55.
53. Outcome following Stroke in Mohr: Stroke pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2004.
54. Ingall TJ. Findings From the Reanalysis of the NINDS Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment Trial. Stroke. 2004 Aug 12;35(10):2418–24.
55. Kent DM, Selker HP, Ruthazer R, Bluhmki E, Hacke W. The Stroke-
Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument: A Predictive Instrument for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2006 Dec 1;37(12):2957–62. 56. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, Ford GA, Grond M, Hacke W, et al.
Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe
Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet. 2007 Jan 27;369(9558):275–82.
57. Bushnell C. Another Score to Predict Ischemic Stroke Mortality? Circulation. 2011 Feb 7;123(7):712–3.
58. Saposnik G, Raptis S, Kapral MK, Liu Y, Tu JV, Mamdani M, et al. The iScore Predicts Poor Functional Outcomes Early After Hospitalization for an Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2011 Sep 29;42(12):3421–8.
59. Ntaios G, Faouzi M, Ferrari J, Lang W, Vemmos K, Michel P. An integer-based score to predict functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke The ASTRAL score. Neurology. 2012;78(24):1916–22.