Perspectivas de trabalho para a Tese de Doutoramento

A primeira fase do presente trabalho de Doutoramento, correspondente ao estudo

bibliográfico detalhado sobre as várias técnicas, metodologias e modelizações

computacionais, existentes em Visão Computacional, para o emparelhamento e

alinhamento de imagens/estruturas, está praticamente concluído, como se comprova

pelos capítulos anteriores. No entanto, um estudo mais aprofundado será realizado

relativamente às técnicas que venham a ser implementadas.

Na etapa seguinte deste projecto será construída a base da plataforma computacional a

utilizar no desenvolvimento, ensaio, comparação e validação das técnicas, modelações e

metodologias a considerar. Assim, serão identificadas e seleccionadas as bibliotecas

computacionais que a mesma poderá integrar. Caso a plataforma seja construída em

C++, poderão ser consideradas a bibliotecas Newmat (para cálculo matricial), OpenCV

(de processamento e análise de imagem), VTK (para a visualização e o processamento

de objectos gráficos 2D/3D), Free DICOM (para a importação e exportação de ficheiros

de imagem em formato DICOM) e ezDICOM (para importação e exportação de

ficheiros de imagens médicas de ressonância magnética, tomografia computorizada e

ultra-sons).

Após o desenvolvimento da base da plataforma computacional de desenvolvimento,

serão definidos vários casos reais de aplicação existentes na área médica. Assim, serão

identificados vários casos de aplicação de emparelhamento e alinhamento de estruturas

em imagens médicas 2D, 3D e 4D (3D mais tempo), considerando vários pacientes e

diferentes técnicas de aquisição de imagem. Exemplos de estruturas a considerar são:

coração, cérebro, pulmões, órgãos da cavidade pélvica, artérias e pés.

Na fase seguinte deste projecto, serão desenvolvidas, integradas na plataforma de

desenvolvimento, ensaiadas e validadas, técnicas, metodologias e modelizações

computacionais que permitam o emparelhamento e o alinhamento de estruturas

representadas em imagens médicas 2D/3D/4D.

Assim, serão consideradas as seguintes etapas, objectivos, técnicas e métodos:

− Emparelhamento de estruturas representadas em imagens médicas 2D,

considerando-se para tal características chave das mesmas, como pontos de

elevada curvatura, contornos e regiões. Com este fim, poderão ser consideradas,

entre outras possibilidades, modelizações estatísticas, geométricas e físicas,

complementadas com técnicas de optimização;

− Alinhamento de estruturas representadas em imagens médicas 2D; após o

emparelhamento de estruturas representadas em imagens médicas 2D, a

transformação espacial que melhor mapeia os dados envolvidos deverá ser

obtida, obtendo-se a sua componente rígida e as deformações não rígidas locais;

descritores canónicos robustos poderão também ser desenvolvidos e obtidos,

quer para as estruturas em causa quer para a transformação espacial obtida; nesta

etapa, serão consideradas técnicas de optimização;

para emparelhar e alinhar estruturas representadas em imagens 2D deverão ser

agora adequadas, se possível, para imagens 3D; poderão ser implementadas

técnicas específicas para imagens 3D;

− Após os desenvolvimentos anteriores para emparelhar e alinhar estruturas

representadas em imagens 2D e 3D, nesta etapa serão desenvolvidas técnicas,

metodologias e modelizações para realizar o emparelhamento e alinhamento de

estruturas ao longo do tempo; isto é, ao longo de sequências de imagens

médicas; para tal, os desenvolvimentos anteriores poderão ser complementados

com a utilização de métodos estocásticos, como filtragem de Kalman e suas

variantes, para prever em cada instante o comportamento dos modelos

construídos para as estruturas, e modelizações de movimento.

Ao longo de todos os desenvolvimentos e implementações efectuadas, as técnicas,

metodologias e modelizações consideradas serão cuidadosamente ensaiadas e validadas

recorrendo-se a casos sintéticos adequados e aos casos reais da área da imagem médica

previamente identificados e seleccionados.

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