55 de Peniche são excelentes fontes de compostos bioactivos, no entanto estes são apenas as primeiras pistas para o início de um longo trabalho de investigação. O facto de não se conhecer as moléculas presentes nas diferentes espécies de algas, torna este trabalho um desafio, obrigando a aplicação das mais diversificadas técnicas analíticas à medida que se vão obtendo resultados. Por outro lado, a actividade biológica de extractos de organismos marinhos pode ser testada de diferentes modos. Por exemplo, será um desafio realizar trabalho científico associado às interacções que existem entre o organismo que produz o composto e a via metabólica que lhe é inerente.
Os organismos marinhos vivem normalmente em simbiose, sendo que o caminho de transferência de compostos nesta simbiose é muito relevante e levanta questões sobre a verdadeira origem dos metabolitos produzidos nesta associação. Desta forma, revela-se também muito pertinente o estudo futuro das associações de simbiose nos ecossistemas (Bhakuni e Rawat, 2005; Schweder et al., 2005).
Relativamente à capacidade antioxidante um próximo passo poderá passar por testar a capacidade antioxidante em modelos in vitro, como por exemplo em células animais, para determinar se existe uma protecção efectiva contra a peroxidação lipídica.
Poderá ser interessante o estudo da capacidade antimicrobiana com mais estirpes bacterianas e fungos, nomeadamente em patogénicos humanos, bem como a determinação da concentração mínima inibitória dos extractos das algas.
Existem estudos em que tentaram desenvolver metodologias gerais para isolamento e purificação de compostos, no entanto, devido às características únicas de cada molécula, é muito complicado estabelecer-se um protocolo geral (Shimizu, 1985). Contudo, começam a surgir as primeiras pistas que relacionam as bioactividades com as características das moléculas (Blunt et al., 2009).
A análise por MS é muito útil para a identificação de biomoléculas, no entanto, quando estas se encontram acopladas a outras moléculas, esta análise terá pouco sucesso. Desta forma, um passo seguinte neste estudo poderá ser a aplicação de outras técnicas que permitam uma maior separação dos compostos, como por exemplo técnicas de separação de amostra, ou o acoplamento de técnicas cromatográficas à espectrometria de massa. Como complemento à MS, a RMN (Ressonância Magnética Nuclear) também poderá ser útil para a identificação de moléculas.
Tal como referido anteriormente, apesar da presumível presença destes dois ácidos gordos nas algas, estamos certos que as actividades bioactivas aqui exploradas
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moléculas já identificadas em outros trabalhos de investigação (Blunt et al., 2006- 2010), desta forma e tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, é extremamente pertinente a continuidade deste trabalho de investigação, especialmente no que diz respeito à identificação das moléculas bioactivas. Para nós, este será provavelmente, o maior desafio futuro, mas também uma janela de oportunidade para desenvolver trabalho científico relevante e de elevada qualidade.
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