• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Com base nos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, faz-se necessário:  Avaliar a atividade da enzima MAO no estriado de ratos tratados com GBP e

haloperidol;

Quantificar os níveis de GLU e GABA no estriado e em outras estruturas cerebrais de camundongos tratados com GBP e haloperidol;

 Avaliar num desenho experimental de administração crônica de GBP com doses menores e curva de tempo de administração (30 min, 1h, 2h) o ganho de peso, hiperglicemia e ansiedade dos animais no modelo animal de esquizofrenia induzido por anfetamina e DO por haloperidol;

 Avaliar o efeito da GBP como adjuvante no modelo animal de esquizofrenia induzido por anfetamina e DO por haloperidol frente a fármacos utilizados na clínica.

Avaliar o efeito da GBP num modelo animal de esquizofrenia induzido cetamina.

REFERÊNCIAS

ABI-DARGHAM, A. Do we still believe in the dopamine hypothesis? New data bring new evidence. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, v. 7 Suppl 1, n., p. S1-5, 2004.

ABILIO, V. C.; VERA, J. A., JR.; FERREIRA, L. S.; DUARTE, C. R.; MARTINS, C. R.; TORRES-LEITE, D.; RIBEIRO RDE, A.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R. Effects of melatonin on behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity. Life Sci, v. 72, n. 26, p. 3003-3015, 2003. AHLENIUS, S.; ENGEL, J. Behavioral effects of haloperidol after tyrosine

hydroxylase inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol, v. 15, n. 2, p. 187-192, 1971.

AHN, K.; GIL, R.; SEIBYL, J.; SEWELL, R. A.; D'SOUZA, D. C. Probing GABA receptor function in schizophrenia with iomazenil. Neuropsychopharmacology, v. 36, n. 3, p. 677-683, 2011.

ANDERSON, K. E.; STAMLER, D.; DAVIS, M. D.; FACTOR, S. A.; HAUSER, R. A.; ISOJARVI, J.; JARSKOG, L. F.; JIMENEZ-SHAHED, J.; KUMAR, R.; MCEVOY, J. P.; OCHUDLO, S.; ONDO, W. G.; FERNANDEZ, H. H. Deutetrabenazine for treatment of involuntary movements in patients with tardive dyskinesia (AIM-TD): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Psychiatry, v. 4, n. 8, p. 595-604, 2017.

ANDERSSON, U.; HAGGSTROM, J. E.; LEVIN, E. D.; BONDESSON, U.;

VALVERIUS, M.; GUNNE, L. M. Reduced glutamate decarboxylase activity in the subthalamic nucleus in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Mov Disord, v. 4, n. 1, p. 37- 46, 1989.

ANDREASEN, N. C. The mechanisms of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol, v. 4, n. 2, p. 245-251, 1994.

ANDREASSEN, O. A.; MACEWAN, T.; GULBRANDSEN, A. K.; MCCREADIE, R. G.; STEEN, V. M. Non-functional CYP2D6 alleles and risk for neuroleptic-induced

movement disorders in schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 131, n. 2, p. 174-179, 1997.

ANDREASSEN, O. A.; JORGENSEN, H. A. Neurotoxicity associated with

neuroleptic-induced oral dyskinesias in rats. Implications for tardive dyskinesia? Prog Neurobiol, v. 61, n. 5, p. 525-541, 2000.

ANTICEVIC, A.; COLE, M. W.; REPOVS, G.; SAVIC, A.; DRIESEN, N. R.; YANG, G.; CHO, Y. T.; MURRAY, J. D.; GLAHN, D. C.; WANG, X. J.; KRYSTAL, J. H.

Connectivity, pharmacology, and computation: toward a mechanistic understanding of neural system dysfunction in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry, v. 4, n., p. 169, 2013.

ARAUJO, N. P.; ABILIO, V. C.; SILVA, R. H.; PEREIRA, R. C.; CARVALHO, R. C.; GONZALEZ, C.; BELLOT, R. G.; CASTRO, J. P.; FUKUSHIRO, D. F.; RODRIGUES, M. S.; CHINEN, C. C.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R. Effects of topiramate on oral dyskinesia induced by reserpine. Brain Res Bull, v. 64, n. 4, p. 331-337, 2004.

ARCHER, J. Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: a review. Anim Behav, v. 21, n. 2, p. 205-235, 1973.

ARGUELLO, P. A.; MARKX, S.; GOGOS, J. A.; KARAYIORGOU, M. Development of animal models for schizophrenia. Dis Model Mech, v. 3, n. 1-2, p. 22-26, 2010. BAILEY, K. R.; CRAWLEY, J. N. Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Mice. In: Buccafusco, J. J. (Ed.). Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience. Boca Raton (FL), 2009, (Frontiers in Neuroscience).

BECKER, A.; PETERS, B.; SCHROEDER, H.; MANN, T.; HUETHER, G.;

GRECKSCH, G. Ketamine-induced changes in rat behaviour: A possible animal model of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, v. 27, n. 4, p. 687-700, 2003.

BENES, F. M.; VINCENT, S. L.; ALSTERBERG, G.; BIRD, E. D.; SANGIOVANNI, J. P. Increased GABAA receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics. J Neurosci, v. 12, n. 3, p. 924-929, 1992.

BENNETT, J.; GOLDMAN, W. T.; SUPPES, T. Gabapentin for treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol, v. 17, n. 2, p. 141-142, 1997.

BIRD, E. D.; SPOKES, E. G.; BARNES, J.; MACKAY, A. V.; IVERSEN, L. L.;

SHEPHERD, M. Increased brain dopamine and reduced glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyl transferase activity in schizophrenia and related psychoses.

Lancet, v. 2, n. 8049, p. 1157-1158, 1977.

BLANCHET, P. J.; PARENT, M. T.; ROMPRE, P. H.; LEVESQUE, D. Relevance of animal models to human tardive dyskinesia. Behav Brain Funct, v. 8, n., p. 12, 2012.

BLUM, B. P.; MANN, J. J. The GABAergic system in schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, v. 5, n. 2, p. 159-179, 2002.

BRESSAN, R. A.; PILOWSKY, L. S. [Glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia]. Rev Bras Psiquiatr, v. 25, n. 3, p. 177-183, 2003.

BROWN, J. M.; HANSON, G. R.; FLECKENSTEIN, A. E. Regulation of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2: a novel mechanism for cocaine and other

psychostimulants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, v. 296, n. 3, p. 762-767, 2001.

BURGER, M. E.; FACHINETTO, R.; ZENI, G.; ROCHA, J. B. Ebselen attenuates haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, v. 81, n. 3, p. 608-615, 2005a.

BURGER, M. E.; FACHINETO, R.; ALVES, A.; CALLEGARI, L.; ROCHA, J. B. Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain

glutamate uptake and elicit orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Brain Res, v. 1031, n. 2, p. 202-210, 2005b.

BURT, D. R.; CREESE, I.; SNYDER, S. H. Antischizophrenic drugs: chronic

treatment elevates dopamine receptor binding in brain. Science, v. 196, n. 4287, p. 326-328, 1977.

BUSANELLO, A.; BARBOSA, N. B.; PEROZA, L. R.; FARIAS, L. E.; BURGER, M. E.; BARRETO, K. P.; FACHINETTO, R. Resveratrol protects against a model of vacuous chewing movements induced by reserpine in mice. Behav Pharmacol, v. 22, n. 1, p. 71-75, 2011.

CABRAS, P. L.; HARDOY, M. J.; HARDOY, M. C.; CARTA, M. G. Clinical experience with gabapentin in patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder: results of an open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry, v. 60, n. 4, p. 245-248, 1999.

CALZAVARA, M. B.; LEVIN, R.; MEDRANO, W. A.; ALMEIDA, V.; SAMPAIO, A. P.; BARONE, L. C.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R.; ABILIO, V. C. Effects of antipsychotics and amphetamine on social behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Behav Brain Res, v. 225, n. 1, p. 15-22, 2011.

CARLSSON, A.; WATERS, N.; HOLM-WATERS, S.; TEDROFF, J.; NILSSON, M.; CARLSSON, M. L. Interactions between monoamines, glutamate, and GABA in schizophrenia: new evidence. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, v. 41, n., p. 237-260, 2001.

CASEY, D. E.; GERLACH, J.; MAGELUND, G.; CHRISTENSEN, T. R. gamma- Acetylenic GABA in tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, v. 37, n. 12, p. 1376- 1379, 1980.

CASTRO, J. P.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R.; FUKUSHIRO, D. F.; SILVA, R. H.; MEDRANO, W. A.; RIBEIRO RDE, A.; ABILIO, V. C. Effects of baclofen on reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements in mice. Brain Res Bull, v. 68, n. 6, p. 436-441, 2006. CERETTA, A. P.; SCHAFFER, L. F.; DE FREITAS, C. M.; REINHEIMER, J. B.; DOTTO, M. M.; FACHINETTO, R. Gabapentin prevents behavioral changes on the amphetamine-induced animal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, v. 175, n. 1- 3, p. 230-231, 2016.

CHADWICK, D. Gabapentin. Lancet, v. 343, n. 8889, p. 89-91, 1994.

CITROME, L. Valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract, v. 71, n. 7, p., 2017a.

CITROME, L. Deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract, v. 71, n. 11, p., 2017b.

COLPO, G.; TREVISOL, F.; TEIXEIRA, A. M.; FACHINETTO, R.; PEREIRA, R. P.; ATHAYDE, M. L.; ROCHA, J. B.; BURGER, M. E. Ilex paraguariensis has antioxidant potential and attenuates haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and memory

dysfunction in rats. Neurotox Res, v. 12, n. 3, p. 171-180, 2007.

COSTALL, B.; DOMENEY, A. M.; NAYLOR, R. J. Behavioural and biochemical consequences of persistent overstimulation of mesolimbic dopamine systems in the rat. Neuropharmacology, v. 21, n. 4, p. 327-335, 1982.

COYLE, J. T. The glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis for schizophrenia. Harv Rev Psychiatry, v. 3, n. 5, p. 241-253, 1996.

CRANE, G. E. Persistent dyskinesia. Br J Psychiatry, v. 122, n. 569, p. 395-405, 1973.

CREESE, I.; IVERSEN, S. D. The pharmacological and anatomical substrates of the amphetamine response in the rat. Brain Res, v. 83, n. 3, p. 419-436, 1975.

CREESE, I.; BURT, D. R.; SNYDER, S. H. Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. J

Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, v. 8, n. 2, p. 223-226, 1996.

CRUZ, F. C.; MARIN, M. T.; LEAO, R. M.; PLANETA, C. S. Stress-induced cross- sensitization to amphetamine is related to changes in the dopaminergic system. J Neural Transm (Vienna), v. 119, n. 4, p. 415-424, 2012.

CUNNINGHAM, M. O.; WOODHALL, G. L.; THOMPSON, S. E.; DOOLEY, D. J.; JONES, R. S. Dual effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on glutamate release at rat entorhinal synapses in vitro. Eur J Neurosci, v. 20, n. 6, p. 1566-1576, 2004.

DABERKOW, D. P.; BROWN, H. D.; BUNNER, K. D.; KRANIOTIS, S. A.; DOELLMAN, M. A.; RAGOZZINO, M. E.; GARRIS, P. A.; ROITMAN, M. F. Amphetamine paradoxically augments exocytotic dopamine release and phasic dopamine signals. J Neurosci, v. 33, n. 2, p. 452-463, 2013.

DALL'IGNA, O. P.; FETT, P.; GOMES, M. W.; SOUZA, D. O.; CUNHA, R. A.; LARA, D. R. Caffeine and adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists prevent beta-amyloid (25- 35)-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Exp Neurol, v. 203, n. 1, p. 241-245, 2007. DATTA, S.; JAMWAL, S.; DESHMUKH, R.; KUMAR, P. Beneficial effects of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible neurotransmitters and neuroinflammation modulation. Eur J Pharmacol, v. 771, n., p. 229-235, 2016. DE FREITAS, C. M.; BUSANELLO, A.; SCHAFFER, L. F.; PEROZA, L. R.; KRUM, B. N.; LEAL, C. Q.; CERETTA, A. P.; DA ROCHA, J. B.; FACHINETTO, R. Behavioral and neurochemical effects induced by reserpine in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 233, n. 3, p. 457-467, 2016.

DEMILY, C.; FRANCK, N. Gabapentin for ultra resistant schizophrenia with aggressive behavior. Schizophr Res, v. 100, n. 1-3, p. 349-350, 2008.

EGAN, M. F.; HURD, Y.; HYDE, T. M.; WEINBERGER, D. R.; WYATT, R. J.; KLEINMAN, J. E. Alterations in mRNA levels of D2 receptors and neuropeptides in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons of rats with neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias. Synapse, v. 18, n. 3, p. 178-189, 1994.

EGAN, M. F.; HYDE, T. M.; KLEINMAN, J. E.; WYATT, R. J. Neuroleptic-induced vacuous chewing movements in rodents: incidence and effects of long-term

increases in haloperidol dose. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 117, n. 1, p. 74-81, 1995.

ELKIS, H. A evolução do conceito de esquizofrenia neste século. Rev Bras Psiquiatr, v. 22, n. 1, p. 23-26, 2000.

ELLENBROEK, B. A.; COOLS, A. R. Animal models with construct validity for schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol, v. 1, n. 6, p. 469-490, 1990.

ELLINWOOD, E. H., JR.; SUDILOVSKY, A.; NELSON, L. M. Evolving behavior in the clinical and experimental amphetamine (model) psychosis. Am J Psychiatry, v. 130, n. 10, p. 1088-1093, 1973.

ERRANTE, L. D.; WILLIAMSON, A.; SPENCER, D. D.; PETROFF, O. A. Gabapentin and vigabatrin increase GABA in the human neocortical slice. Epilepsy Res, v. 49, n. 3, p. 203-210, 2002.

FACHINETTO, R.; VILLARINHO, J. G.; WAGNER, C.; PEREIRA, R. P.; AVILA, D. S.; BURGER, M. E.; CALIXTO, J. B.; ROCHA, J. B.; FERREIRA, J. Valeriana

officinalis does not alter the orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in rats: role of dopamine transporter. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, v. 31, n. 7, p. 1478-1486, 2007.

FAURBYE, A.; RASCH, P. J.; PETERSEN, P. B.; BRANDBORG, G.;

PAKKENBERG, H. Neurological Symptoms in Pharmacotherapy of Psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand, v. 40, n., p. 10-27, 1964.

FERNANDEZ, H. H.; FACTOR, S. A.; HAUSER, R. A.; JIMENEZ-SHAHED, J.; ONDO, W. G.; JARSKOG, L. F.; MELTZER, H. Y.; WOODS, S. W.; BEGA, D.; LEDOUX, M. S.; SHPRECHER, D. R.; DAVIS, C.; DAVIS, M. D.; STAMLER, D.; ANDERSON, K. E. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: The ARM-TD study. Neurology, v. 88, n. 21, p. 2003-2010, 2017. FIGUEIRA, F. H.; LEAL, C. Q.; REIS EDE, M.; ROPKE, J.; WAGNER, C.; DA ROCHA, J. B.; FACHINETTO, R. Effects of diphenyl diselenide on behavioral and biochemical changes induced by amphetamine in mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna), v. 122, n. 2, p. 201-209, 2014.

GABRIEL, A. Gabapentin adjunctive to risperidone or olanzapine in partially

responsive schizophrenia: an open-label pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, v. 6, n., p. 711-717, 2010.

GAMA, C. S.; CANEVER, L.; PANIZZUTTI, B.; GUBERT, C.; STERTZ, L.; MASSUDA, R.; PEDRINI, M.; DE LUCENA, D. F.; LUCA, R. D.; FRAGA, D. B.; HEYLMANN, A. S.; DEROZA, P. F.; ZUGNO, A. I. Effects of omega-3 dietary supplement in prevention of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms: a study in adolescent rats with ketamine-induced model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, v. 141, n. 2-3, p. 162-167, 2012.

GAO, X. M.; KAKIGI, T.; FRIEDMAN, M. B.; TAMMINGA, C. A. Tiagabine inhibits haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rats. J Neural Transm Gen Sect, v. 95, n. 1, p. 63-69, 1994.

GASPARY, H. L.; WANG, W.; RICHERSON, G. B. Carrier-mediated GABA release activates GABA receptors on hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol, v. 80, n. 1, p. 270-281, 1998.

GEE, N. S.; BROWN, J. P.; DISSANAYAKE, V. U.; OFFORD, J.; THURLOW, R.; WOODRUFF, G. N. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel. J Biol Chem, v. 271, n. 10, p. 5768- 5776, 1996.

GERLACH, J.; CASEY, D. E. Tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatr Scand, v. 77, n. 4, p. 369-378, 1988.

GIBSON, A. C. Sodium valproate and tardive dyskinesia. Br J Psychiatry, v. 133, n., p. 82, 1978.

GOLDLUST, A.; SU, T. Z.; WELTY, D. F.; TAYLOR, C. P.; OXENDER, D. L. Effects of anticonvulsant drug gabapentin on the enzymes in metabolic pathways of

glutamate and GABA. Epilepsy Res, v. 22, n. 1, p. 1-11, 1995.

GOTZ, E.; FEUERSTEIN, T. J.; LAIS, A.; MEYER, D. K. Effects of gabapentin on release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from slices of rat neostriatum.

Arzneimittelforschung, v. 43, n. 6, p. 636-638, 1993.

GRIGORIADIS, D. E.; SMITH, E.; HOARE, S. R. J.; MADAN, A.; BOZIGIAN, H. Pharmacologic Characterization of Valbenazine (NBI-98854) and Its Metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, v. 361, n. 3, p. 454-461, 2017.

GUNNE, L. M.; HAGGSTROM, J. E. Reduction of nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase in rats with neuroleptic-induced oral dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 81, n. 3, p. 191-194, 1983.

GUNNE, L. M.; HAGGSTROM, J. E.; SJOQUIST, B. Association with persistent neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia of regional changes in brain GABA synthesis. Nature, v. 309, n. 5966, p. 347-349, 1984.

GUNNE, L. M.; ANDERSSON, U.; BONDESSON, U.; JOHANSSON, P. Spontaneous chewing movements in rats during acute and chronic antipsychotic drug

HAKANSSON, K.; POZZI, L.; USIELLO, A.; HAYCOCK, J.; BORRELLI, E.; FISONE, G. Regulation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation by acute and chronic haloperidol. Eur J Neurosci, v. 20, n. 4, p. 1108-1112, 2004.

HANDFORTH, A.; TREIMAN, D. M. Efficacy and tolerance of long-term, high-dose gabapentin: additional observations. Epilepsia, v. 35, n. 5, p. 1032-1037, 1994. HARDOY, M. C.; CARTA, M. G.; CARPINIELLO, B.; CIANCHETTI, C.; CONGIA, S.; D'ERRICO, I.; EMANUELLI, G.; GARONNA, F.; HARDOY, M. J.; NARDINI, M. Gabapentin in antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: results of 1-year follow-up. J Affect Disord, v. 75, n. 2, p. 125-130, 2003.

HASHIMOTO, T.; ROSS, D. E.; GAO, X. M.; MEDOFF, D. R.; TAMMINGA, C. A. Mixture in the distribution of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in the rat supports an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 137, n. 2, p. 107-112, 1998.

HAUSER, R. A.; FACTOR, S. A.; MARDER, S. R.; KNESEVICH, M. A.; RAMIREZ, P. M.; JIMENEZ, R.; BURKE, J.; LIANG, G. S.; O'BRIEN, C. F. KINECT 3: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry, v. 174, n. 5, p. 476-484, 2017.

HENDERSON, D. C.; CAGLIERO, E.; COPELAND, P. M.; BORBA, C. P.; EVINS, E.; HAYDEN, D.; WEBER, M. T.; ANDERSON, E. J.; ALLISON, D. B.; DALEY, T. B.; SCHOENFELD, D.; GOFF, D. C. Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents: a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, v. 62, n. 1, p. 19- 28, 2005.

HINTON, T.; JOHNSTON, G. A. R. The role of GABAa receptors in schizophrenia. Cellscience Reviews, v. 5, n., p. 180-194, 2008.

HONMOU, O.; KOCSIS, J. D.; RICHERSON, G. B. Gabapentin potentiates the conductance increase induced by nipecotic acid in CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Epilepsy Res, v. 20, n. 3, p. 193-202, 1995.

HOSAK, L.; LIBIGER, J. Antiepileptic drugs in schizophrenia: a review. Eur Psychiatry, v. 17, n. 7, p. 371-378, 2002.

ISHIKAWA, K.; SAITO, S. Differences in the effects of post-trial chlorpromazine, reserpine, and amphetamine on discrimination learning in rats.

Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 48, n. 1, p. 45-51, 1976.

JANOWSKY, D. S.; RISCH, C. Amphetamine psychosis and psychotic symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 65, n. 1, p. 73-77, 1979.

JENTSCH, J. D.; ROTH, R. H. The neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

KANE, J.; HONIGFELD, G.; SINGER, J.; MELTZER, H. Clozapine for the treatment- resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry, v. 45, n. 9, p. 789-796, 1988.

KANE, J. M.; SMITH, J. M. Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979. Arch Gen Psychiatry, v. 39, n. 4, p. 473-481, 1982.

KANE, J. M. Tardive dyskinesia: epidemiology and clinical presentation. In: Bloom, F. E. e Kupfer, D. J. (Ed.). Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of

Progress. New York: Raven Press, 1995. v.39, p.1485-1495.

KANEDA, H.; SHIRAKAWA, O.; DALE, J.; GOODMAN, L.; BACHUS, S. E.;

TAMMINGA, C. A. Co-administration of progabide inhibits haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rats. Eur J Pharmacol, v. 212, n. 1, p. 43-49, 1992.

KAPUR, S.; ZIPURSKY, R.; JONES, C.; REMINGTON, G.; HOULE, S. Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double- blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry, v. 157, n. 4, p. 514- 520, 2000.

KAPUR, S.; SEEMAN, P. Does fast dissociation from the dopamine d(2) receptor explain the action of atypical antipsychotics?: A new hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry, v. 158, n. 3, p. 360-369, 2001.

KARAYIORGOU, M.; GOGOS, J. A. A turning point in schizophrenia genetics. Neuron, v. 19, n. 5, p. 967-979, 1997.

KARLER, R.; CALDER, L. D.; THAI, L. H.; BEDINGFIELD, J. B. A dopaminergic- glutamatergic basis for the action of amphetamine and cocaine. Brain Res, v. 658, n. 1-2, p. 8-14, 1994.

KELLEY, A. E.; BAKSHI, V. P.; DELFS, J. M.; LANG, C. G. Cholinergic stimulation of the ventrolateral striatum elicits mouth movements in rats: pharmacological and regional specificity. Psychopharmacology (Berl), v. 99, n. 4, p. 542-549, 1989. KELLY, P. H.; SEVIOUR, P. W.; IVERSEN, S. D. Amphetamine and apomorphine responses in the rat following 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and corpus striatum. Brain Res, v. 94, n. 3, p. 507-522, 1975.

KELLY, P. H. Drug-induced motor behavior. In: Inversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D., et al (Ed.). Handbook of psychopharmacology. New York: Plenum, 1977. v.8, p.295- 331.

KLAWANS, H. L.; GOETZ, C. G.; PERLIK, S. Tardive dyskinesia: review and update. Am J Psychiatry, v. 137, n. 8, p. 900-908, 1980.

KLAWANS, H. L., JR.; RUBOVITS, R. An experimental model of tardive dyskinesia. J Neural Transm, v. 33, n. 3, p. 235-246, 1972.

KLAWANS, H. L., JR. The pharmacology of tardive dyskinesias. Am J Psychiatry, v. 130, n. 1, p. 82-86, 1973.

KORO, C. E.; FEDDER, D. O.; L'ITALIEN, G. J.; WEISS, S.; MAGDER, L. S.; KREYENBUHL, J.; REVICKI, D.; BUCHANAN, R. W. An assessment of the independent effects of olanzapine and risperidone exposure on the risk of

hyperlipidemia in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, v. 59, n. 11, p. 1021- 1026, 2002.

KULKARNI, S. K.; NAIDU, P. S. Pathophysiology and drug therapy of tardive

dyskinesia: current concepts and future perspectives. Drugs Today (Barc), v. 39, n. 1, p. 19-49, 2003.

LAI, C. C.; LEE, L. J.; YIN, H. S. Combinational effects of ketamine and

amphetamine on behaviors and neurotransmitter systems of mice. Neurotoxicology, v. 37, n., p. 136-143, 2013.

LANDMARK, C. J. Targets for antiepileptic drugs in the synapse. Med Sci Monit, v. 13, n. 1, p. RA1-7, 2007.

LARUELLE, M.; ABI-DARGHAM, A.; GIL, R.; KEGELES, L.; INNIS, R. Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases. Biol Psychiatry, v. 46, n. 1, p. 56-72, 1999.

LEACH, J. P.; SILLS, G. J.; BUTLER, E.; FORREST, G.; THOMPSON, G. G.;

BRODIE, M. J. Neurochemical actions of gabapentin in mouse brain. Epilepsy Res, v. 27, n. 3, p. 175-180, 1997.

LERNER, P.; NOSE, P.; GORDON, E. K.; LOVENBERG, W. Haloperidol: effect of long-term treatment on rat striatal dopamine synthesis and turnover. Science, v. 197, n. 4299, p. 181-183, 1977.

LERNER, P. P.; MIODOWNIK, C.; LERNER, V. Tardive dyskinesia (syndrome): Current concept and modern approaches to its management. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, v. 69, n. 6, p. 321-334, 2015.

LEUCHT, S.; BARNES, T. R.; KISSLING, W.; ENGEL, R. R.; CORRELL, C.; KANE, J. M. Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with new-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry, v. 160, n. 7, p. 1209-1222, 2003.

LEWIS, D. A.; LIEBERMAN, J. A. Catching up on schizophrenia: natural history and neurobiology. Neuron, v. 28, n. 2, p. 325-334, 2000.

LIEBERMAN, J. A.; KANE, J. M.; JOHNS, C. A. Clozapine: guidelines for clinical management. J Clin Psychiatry, v. 50, n. 9, p. 329-338, 1989.

LIEBERMAN, J. A. Understanding the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. A review of compounds in use and development. Br J Psychiatry Suppl, v., n. 22, p. 7-18, 1993.

LIEBERMAN, J. A.; PERKINS, D.; BELGER, A.; CHAKOS, M.; JARSKOG, F.; BOTEVA, K.; GILMORE, J. The early stages of schizophrenia: speculations on pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Biol Psychiatry, v. 50, n. 11, p. 884-897, 2001.

LINDEFORS, N.; HURD, Y. L.; O'CONNOR, W. T.; BRENE, S.; PERSSON, H.; UNGERSTEDT, U. Amphetamine regulation of acetylcholine and gamma-

aminobutyric acid in nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience, v. 48, n. 2, p. 439-448, 1992.

LOSCHER, W.; HONACK, D.; TAYLOR, C. P. Gabapentin increases aminooxyacetic acid-induced GABA accumulation in several regions of rat brain. Neurosci Lett, v. 128, n. 2, p. 150-154, 1991.

MAATZ, A.; HOFF, P. The birth of schizophrenia or a very modern Bleuler: a close reading of Eugen Bleuler's 'Die Prognose der Dementia praecox' and a re-

consideration of his contribution to psychiatry. Hist Psychiatry, v. 25, n. 4, p. 431- 440, 2014.

MACHADO, M. S.; ROSA, R. M.; DANTAS, A. S.; REOLON, G. K.; APPELT, H. R.; BRAGA, A. L.; HENRIQUES, J. A.; ROESLER, R. An organic selenium compound attenuates apomorphine-induced stereotypy in mice. Neurosci Lett, v. 410, n. 3, p. 198-202, 2006.

MANEUF, Y. P.; MCKNIGHT, A. T. Block by gabapentin of the facilitation of

glutamate release from rat trigeminal nucleus following activation of protein kinase C or adenylyl cyclase. Br J Pharmacol, v. 134, n. 2, p. 237-240, 2001.

MANEUF, Y. P.; HUGHES, J.; MCKNIGHT, A. T. Gabapentin inhibits the substance P-facilitated K(+)-evoked release of [(3)H]glutamate from rat caudial trigeminal nucleus slices. Pain, v. 93, n. 2, p. 191-196, 2001.

MANEUF, Y. P.; BLAKE, R.; ANDREWS, N. A.; MCKNIGHT, A. T. Reduction by gabapentin of K+-evoked release of [3H]-glutamate from the caudal trigeminal nucleus of the streptozotocin-treated rat. Br J Pharmacol, v. 141, n. 4, p. 574-579, 2004.

MANTLE, T. J.; TIPTON, K. F.; GARRETT, N. J. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by amphetamine and related compounds. Biochem Pharmacol, v. 25, n. 18, p. 2073- 2077, 1976.

MARAIS, E.; KLUGBAUER, N.; HOFMANN, F. Calcium channel alpha(2)delta subunits-structure and Gabapentin binding. Mol Pharmacol, v. 59, n. 5, p. 1243- 1248, 2001.

MARCELIS, M.; VAN OS, J.; SHAM, P.; JONES, P.; GILVARRY, C.; CANNON, M.; MCKENZIE, K.; MURRAY, R. Obstetric complications and familial morbid risk of psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet, v. 81, n. 1, p. 29-36, 1998.

MARSDEN, C. A. Dopamine: the rewarding years. Br J Pharmacol, v. 147 Suppl 1, n., p. S136-144, 2006.

MELTZER, H. Y.; MATSUBARA, S.; LEE, J. C. Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin2 pKi values. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, v. 251, n. 1, p. 238-246, 1989.

MESHUL, C. K.; TAN, S. E. Haloperidol-induced morphological alterations are associated with changes in calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity and glutamate immunoreactivity. Synapse, v. 18, n. 3, p. 205-217, 1994.

MIRON, I. C.; BAROANA, V. C.; POPESCU, F.; IONICA, F. Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the association of antipsychotics with metabolic disorders. Curr Health Sci J, v. 40, n. 1, p. 12-17, 2014.

MIYAMOTO, S.; DUNCAN, G. E.; MARX, C. E.; LIEBERMAN, J. A. Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs. Mol Psychiatry, v. 10, n. 1, p. 79-104, 2005.

MONTE, A. S.; DE SOUZA, G. C.; MCINTYRE, R. S.; SOCZYNSKA, J. K.; DOS SANTOS, J. V.; CORDEIRO, R. C.; RIBEIRO, B. M.; DE LUCENA, D. F.;

VASCONCELOS, S. M.; DE SOUSA, F. C.; CARVALHO, A. F.; MACEDO, D. S. Prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia related behavior by minocycline in mice: Possible involvement of antioxidant and nitrergic pathways. J Psychopharmacol, v. 27, n. 11, p. 1032-1043, 2013.

MOORE, H.; WEST, A. R.; GRACE, A. A. The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of

schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry, v. 46, n. 1, p. 40-55, 1999.

MOORE, R. A.; WIFFEN, P. J.; DERRY, S.; MCQUAY, H. J. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, v., n. 3, p. CD007938, 2011.

MOSKOWITZ, A.; HEIM, G. Eugen Bleuler's Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911): a centenary appreciation and reconsideration. Schizophr Bull, v. 37, n. 3, p. 471-479, 2011.

MUENCH, J.; HAMER, A. M. Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. Am Fam Physician, v. 81, n. 5, p. 617-622, 2010.

MUESER, K. T.; MCGURK, S. R. Schizophrenia. Lancet, v. 363, n. 9426, p. 2063- 2072, 2004.

O'BRIEN, C. F.; JIMENEZ, R.; HAUSER, R. A.; FACTOR, S. A.; BURKE, J.;

MANDRI, D.; CASTRO-GAYOL, J. C. NBI-98854, a selective monoamine transport inhibitor for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study. Mov Disord, v. 30, n. 12, p. 1681-1687, 2015.

OWEN, M. J.; SAWA, A.; MORTENSEN, P. B. Schizophrenia. Lancet, v., n., p., 2016.

PEIXOTO, M. F.; ABILIO, V. C.; SILVA, R. H.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R. Effects of valproic acid on an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Behav Brain Res, v. 142, n. 1-2, p. 229-233, 2003.

PEIXOTO, M. F.; ARAUJO, N. P.; SILVA, R. H.; CASTRO, J. P.; FUKUSHIRO, D. F.; FARIA, R. R.; ZANIER-GOMES, P. H.; MEDRANO, W. A.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R.; ABILIO, V. C. Effects of gabaergic drugs on reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia. Behav Brain Res, v. 160, n. 1, p. 51-59, 2005.

PEROZA, L. R.; BUSANELLO, A.; LEAL, C. Q.; ROPKE, J.; BOLIGON, A. A.; MEINERZ, D.; LIBARDONI, M.; ATHAYDE, M. L.; FACHINETTO, R. Bauhinia forficata prevents vacuous chewing movements induced by haloperidol in rats and has antioxidant potential in vitro. Neurochem Res, v. 38, n. 4, p. 789-796, 2013. PERRY, T. L.; KISH, S. J.; BUCHANAN, J.; HANSEN, S. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid deficiency in brain of schizophrenic patients. Lancet, v. 1, n. 8110, p. 237-239, 1979. PETROFF, O. A.; ROTHMAN, D. L.; BEHAR, K. L.; LAMOUREUX, D.; MATTSON, R. H. The effect of gabapentin on brain gamma-aminobutyric acid in patients with epilepsy. Ann Neurol, v. 39, n. 1, p. 95-99, 1996.

PETROFF, O. A.; HYDER, F.; ROTHMAN, D. L.; MATTSON, R. H. Effects of gabapentin on brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia, v. 41, n. 6, p. 675-680, 2000.

PFEFFER, G.; CHOUINARD, G.; MARGOLESE, H. C. Gabapentin in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced akathisia in schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol, v. 20, n. 3, p. 179-181, 2005.

PIETRASZEK, M. Significance of dysfunctional glutamatergic transmission for the development of psychotic symptoms. Pol J Pharmacol, v. 55, n. 2, p. 133-154, 2003. POLISSIDIS, A.; CHOULIARA, O.; GALANOPOULOS, A.; NAXAKIS, G.;

PAPAHATJIS, D.; PAPADOPOULOU-DAIFOTI, Z.; ANTONIOU, K. Cannabinoids negatively modulate striatal glutamate and dopamine release and behavioural output of acute D-amphetamine. Behav Brain Res, v. 270, n., p. 261-269, 2014.

PONTIERI, F. E.; TANDA, G.; DI CHIARA, G. Intravenous cocaine, morphine, and amphetamine preferentially increase extracellular dopamine in the "shell" as

compared with the "core" of the rat nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, v. 92, n. 26, p. 12304-12308, 1995.

POTTER, W. Z.; HOLLISTER, L. E. Fármacos Antipsicóticos. In: Katzung, B. G. (Ed.). Farmacologia Básica E Clínica. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2006, p.387.

RANDRUP, A.; MUNKVAD, I. Pharmacological studies on the brain mechanisms underlying two forms of behavioral excitation: stereotyped hyperactivity and "rage". Ann N Y Acad Sci, v. 159, n. 3, p. 928-938, 1969.

ROBERTS, E. Prospects for research on schizophrenia. An hypotheses suggesting that there is a defect in the GABA system in schizophrenia. Neurosci Res Program Bull, v. 10, n. 4, p. 468-482, 1972.

ROFFMAN, M.; LAL, H. Facilitatory effect of amphetamine on learning and recall of an avoidance response in rats. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, v. 193, n. 1, p. 87-91, 1971.

ROOZENDAAL, B.; CARMI, O.; MCGAUGH, J. L. Adrenocortical suppression blocks the memory-enhancing effects of amphetamine and epinephrine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, v. 93, n. 4, p. 1429-1433, 1996.

ROPKE, J.; BUSANELLO, A.; LEAL, C. Q.; DE MORAES REIS, E.; DE FREITAS, C. M.; VILLARINHO, J. G.; FIGUEIRA, F. H.; MELLO, C. F.; FERREIRA, J.;

FACHINETTO, R. Anandamide attenuates haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, v. 54, n., p. 195-199, 2014.

ROSE, M. A.; KAM, P. C. Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, v. 57, n. 5, p. 451-462, 2002.

SACHDEV, P.; SAHAROV, T.; CATHCART, S. The preventative role of antioxidants (selegiline and vitamin E) in a rat model of tardive dyskinesia. Biol Psychiatry, v. 46, n. 12, p. 1672-1681, 1999.

SACHDEV, P. S. The current status of tardive dyskinesia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, v. 34, n. 3, p. 355-369, 2000.

SADOCK, B. J.; SADOCK, V. A. Compêndio de Psquiatria- Ciência do Comportamento e Psquiatria Clínica. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2007.

SAITO, L. P.; FUKUSHIRO, D. F.; HOLLAIS, A. W.; MARI-KAWAMOTO, E.; COSTA, J. M.; BERRO, L. F.; ARAMINI, T. C.; WUO-SILVA, R.; ANDERSEN, M. L.; TUFIK, S.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R. Acute total sleep deprivation potentiates amphetamine- induced locomotor-stimulant effects and behavioral sensitization in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, v. 117, n., p. 7-16, 2014.

SALAMONE, J. D.; ISHIWARI, K.; BETZ, A. J.; FARRAR, A. M.; MINGOTE, S. M.; FONT, L.; HOCKEMEYER, J.; MULLER, C. E.; CORREA, M. Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to locomotion and tremor in animal models: possible relevance to parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord, v. 14 Suppl 2, n., p. S130-134, 2008. SANDAY, L.; PATTI, C. L.; ZANIN, K. A.; TUFIK, S.; FRUSSA-FILHO, R.

Amphetamine-induced memory impairment in a discriminative avoidance task is

Documentos relacionados