POTENTIAL NITRIFICATION OF RHODIC HAPLORTHOX IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, PASTURE AND ANNUAL CULTURE.

TAVARES, R.L.M.1*, BRAZ, R.R, COSTA, B.O., CORDEIRO, M.A.S., NAHAS, E.2

1*

Depto. de Solos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Av. Cândido Rondon 501. Barão Geraldo. Campinas – SP. *rose.tavares@feagri.unicamp.br

2*

Depto. de Microbiologia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal/SP

The potential nitrification (PN) determines the ability of soil microorganisms in the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate. With the soil incubation under controlled conditions has the potential idea of different soil vegetation or managements about ammonification processes, with production of NH4 and its nitrification to NO3. This study

aimed to evaluate the potential nitrification of rhodic haplorthox, under forest, pasture and annual crops in winter and summer periods. In each ecosystem, were randomly bounded four sub-areas with 100 m2, which were collected 20 sub-samples to obtain a composite sample, depths from 0.0 to 1.0, 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, resulting in four soil samples (repetitions) for each ecosystem and collection depth. Soil samples were packed in plastic bags to preserve moisture and transported to the laboratory less than three hours. The data interpretation followed a statistical model of split-plot (factor 1: ecosystems and factor 2: sampling depth) with four replications in each period evaluated. The analysis method followed two steps: extraction with KCl 1 mol L-1 as SCHMIDT & BELLS (1994), determination of NH4 and NO3 by distillation according to Keeney & Nelson (1982). The

results showed that on summer, the PN in soil forest was 29% higher in soil pasture and 40% in soil of annual crops, on layer 0.0 to 0.10 m, this can be understood by the major input of organic material on the soil surface in forest ecosystems, resulting higher microorganisms activity in mineralize nitrogen present on the organic waste, or this mineralization may be related to better ratio C/N in forest soils, which interferes in the N mineralization. In winter, however, the PN was than 17 and 12% in soils forest and pasture, respectively, when compared with soils under annual crop. It can be concluded that, besides the amount of nitrogen, organic matter resulting from different vegetation cover, may influence the nitrification potential. Probably, the animal excretions, richer in nitrogen, have an influence in higher PN found in soil under pasture, or the implantation of grasses with greater biomass production causes increased storage of N total in the soil. Both, summer and winter, the higher PN was observed in the soil layer from 0.00 to 0.10 m in comparison with others, demonstrating greater microorganisms activity in the surface soil region. With this study, we conclude that the forest ecosystem in the summer, presented greatest potential for nitrification, compared to pasture ecosystems and annual crops. In winter, the pasture soil showed PN similar to forest soil, but both above the soil under annual crop.

Keywords: mineralization, microorganisms, nitrogen.

Financial support: Cordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível superior (CAPES)

PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCTION BY A NEW STRAIN OF Serratia marcescens UCP1549 USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION

Cantalice, J.C.L.L1*, Maciel, C.C.S 2, Alves da Silva, C. 3;Campos Takaki, G.M. 3

1*_{Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,} Recife-PE, 2 Doutorado em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife PE e 3 Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais – NPCIAMB, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife PE. Rua Nunes Machado, 42, Bloco J. Boa Vista. Recife PE, 50050-590 - Email: jcrisllapenda@gmail.com

Keywords: Serratia marcescens, Mannitol Agar, Prodigiosin

INTRODUCTION: Prodigiosin, is a natural red pigment characterized by a common pyrrolylpyrromethane skeleton, and are produced by various bacteria in special Serratia

marcescens. The bacterium was grown in alternatives culture media. This pigment is a

promising drug owing to its reported activities to antifungal, antibacterial, immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serratia marcescens UCP1549 used as a producer of prodigiosin. The bacterium was isolated from soil of the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, and belongs to the Culture Collection of the Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Pernambuco. The Culture Collection is registered in the World Federation Culture for Collection-WFCC and maintained in nutrient agar at 5°C. The Erlenmeyers flasks containing peptone glycerol agar and mannitol agar and were inoculated with S. marcescens, incubated at 28°C during 48 hours. Then the pigment was extracted from biomass obtained from mannitol agar and glycerol peptone agar, then was submitted to purification using TLC, and was characterized by mass spectrometry- GCMS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: S. marcescens was produced 48.50 g / L of biomass from mannitol agar medium and 17.50 g / L of glycerol peptone agar, respectively. The purification using thin layer chromatography showed the reference values (Rf) of 0.59 and 0.22, respectively for red and blue fractions, and these results are corroborated by Nakashima et al (2005). The fraction of the red pigment produced in glycerol peptone agar and mannitol agar was characterized by mass spectrometry-GCMS and showed a molecular weight of 392.3Da suggesting to undecylprodigiosin belongs to prodigiosin family.

CONCLUSION: A new strain of Serratia marcescens (UCP1549) isolated from soil in semi-arid showed higher biotechnological potential to produce of red pigment similar to undecylprodigiosin [2-((3-methoxy-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)-5 undecyl-1H-pyrrole.

REFERENCES: Nakashima T, Kurachi M, Kato Y, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Characterization of bacterium isolated from the sedimenta t Coastal área of Omura Bay in Japan and several biological activities of pigment produced by this isolated. Microbiol.

Immunol. 2005; 49: 407-415

PRODUCTION KINETICS OF L(+)-LATIC ACID BY Lactobacillus rhamnosus B103, ON CHEESE WHEY AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR

DE OLIVEIRA, P.M.; COELHO, L.F.; BERNARDO, M.P.; LOVAGLIO, R.B.; AVILA NETO, P.M.; DE LIMA, C.J.B.; CONTIERO, J.

Depto. de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” Av. 24 A, nº 1515 Bela Vista. Rio Claro – SP. jonascontiero@rc.unesp.br Keywords: lactic acid, growth kinetics

The lactic acid is an organic acid, widely employed in many industrial sectors. In pharmaceutical industry, the lactic acid can be used in cosmetics production, creams and lotions, in chemical industry it has been used in production of solvents and in the food industry as acidulant, flavoring and emulsifier (WEE et al., 2004 ALTAF et al., 2005). Other lactic acid interest field is on production of renewable and biodegradable plastics from poly latic acid (PLA), such as food’s packaging and variable plastics utensils, which can replace products made from raw petroleum-based (DATTA et al., 1995). Moreover, the PLA biopolymers can be used in the medicine, on the tissues regeneration, sutures, fracture fixation, bone reposition, cartilage repairs, meniscus repairs, ligaments and implants fixation (SAKATA et al., 2004). The growth kinetics, the consume of substrate and the lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus B103 were checked by using cheese whey and corn steep liquor, in the optimal concentrations. The lactic acid production, as well as, the sugar quantification was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), equipped with ultraviolet detector at 210 nm and refractive index detector. A Rezex ROA column (300 x 7,8 mm) of phenomenex was used, it was eluted with H2SO4 5mM as mobile phase, the flow was 0,6 mL/min and the temperature

was 65ºC. Biomass was determined by optical density at wavelength of 650 nm. The highest concentration of lactic acid was achieved in shaker (142 g/L) after 48 hours of fermentation and in the reactor (140 g/L) after 92 hours of fermentation. The maximum specific growth rate µmax of Lactobacillus rhamnosus B103 in the reactor and in the shaker

were 0,28 h-1 and 0,33 h-1 respectively, the maximum specific lactic acid production rate in the reactor and in the shaker were 0,97 h-1 and 1,096 h-1 respectively and the maximum specific sugar utilization rate in the reactor and in the shaker were 1,41 and 1,44 respectively.

PRODUCTION OF A BIOSURFACTANT FROM CANDIDA LIPOLYTICA