QIP+EF vs CMMI-Dev High maturity

CAR.SG1 CAR.SG2 OPM.SG1 OPM.SG2 OPM.SG3 OPP.SG1 QPM.SG1 QPM.SG2

Plan – – L M – – – –

Do – – – L – – – –

Study – – – L – – – –

Check – – – – L – – –

Highest mapping – – L M L – – –

Table 5.6: Summary of PDSA vs CMMI-Dev High maturity mapping

5.2 CMMI-Dev high maturity and Analytical SPI 103 project objectives for the project in the scope of the specific practiceQPM.SP 1.1 Es-tablish the Project’s Objectiveswhich is further detailed in a sub-practice that involves writing objectives that reflect the quality and process performance needs and priori-ties of the customer, end users, and other relevant stakeholders. The reasoning for the mapping (classified as Low) is thatneeds andprioritiesmay relate to project factors that will impact the project environment, as defined by QIP+EF and only one out of four practices QPM.SG 1 is related to the characterize step.

Component Measure CMMI-Dev Specific Goal

Characterize Low QPM.SG 1 Prepare for Quantitative Management.

Table 5.7: Characterizecomponent mapping to CMMI-Dev specific goals

The Plan component

ThePlancomponent involves defining project goals, execution needs and project fo-cus for learning. The plan step is divided in two major aspects, the’what’planning and the’how’planning. The what planning deals with choosing, assigning priorities and operationally defining the project goals. Thehowplanning involves choosing the appropriate execution model, methods and tools that best suite the development needs.

Execution involves both construction and analysis methods, the former relate to actual product development and the later are methods for evaluating if project goals are being met.

This step has a strong map to theQPM.SG 1 Prepare for Quantitative Management specific goal and the respective practicesQPM.SP 1.1 Establish the Project’s Objec-tives, QPM.SP 1.2 Compose the Defined Process, QPM.SP 1.3 Select Sub-processes and AttributesandQPM.SP 1.4 Select Measures and Analytic Techniques(Table 5.8).

In the plan step one defines the project objectives and then define the best suitable exe-cution model, methods and tools to meet the objectives. Additionally, metrics need to be defined and later collected based on the project goals identified to assess is project goals are being met. In CMMI-Dev it is also expectable that projects define their project goals (QPM.SP 1.1) and compose the define process accordantly by identify-ing the best set of processes (QPM.SP 1.2 and QPM.SP 1.3). Measure and analytic techniques are selected for quantitative management (monitor project performance).

The Plan component of QIP+EF is strong in practices that relate to the identifica-tion of project goals and planning the execuidentifica-tion process and also the analysis process required to ensure project goals are being met. The CMMI-Dev is similar and the

emphasis is in defining the execution process based on the use of statistical and quan-titative techniques applied on existing performance metrics from past projects.

Component Measure CMMI-Dev Specific Goal

Plan High QPM.SG 1 Prepare for Quantitative Management.

Table 5.8: Plancomponent mapping to CMMI-Dev specific goals

The Execution component

In the Execution component, the plan developed in the previous is executed along the planned analysis activities. Analysis should be an integral part of the execution process and drive the construction process. This description relate partially to the QPM.SG 2 Quantitatively Manage the ProjectSpecific Goal (Table 5.9). In QPM.SG2 use of statistical techniques is expected to evaluate if project objectives will be satisfied considering current project performance. This is in-line with what QIP+EF defines as analysis activities, however CMMI-Dev includes further detail, namely, prescribes practices that focus on acting or changing the execution plan as result of analysis, and also practices related to identifying and removing causes of inefficiencies.

Component Measure CMMI-Dev Specific Goal

Execute Medium QPM.SG 2 Quantitatively Manage the Project.

Table 5.9:Executecomponent mapping to CMMI-Dev specific goals

Experience Base component

TheExperience Basecomponent summarizes the experience of the organization and makes it available to a initiating project. Experience is captured when project close and result can be captured considering two dimensions, first, the degree of precision/detail and second, the context dimension, defines the degree to witch experience is tailored to meet the specific needs of a project context. The dimension degree of precision/detail can range from a mathematical model developed over detailed quantitative data of project executed practices or qualitative acquired from project lesson learned. The context dimension defines if the experience can be generalized to be applicable to a broader set of project or if it’s only applicable to a narrower projects contexts. This component relates partially to the CMMI-Dev high maturity process area Organiza-tional Process Performance (OPP) (Table 5.10).

5.2 CMMI-Dev high maturity and Analytical SPI 105 The purpose of OPP is to characterize the expected process performance of the organization’s set of standard processes through the development of process base-lines and models. Basebase-lines and model relate to the precision/detail dimension of the Experience base component, in the use case of having detailed quantitative data that supports the development of mathematical models of performance. Development and analysis of baselines and models are expected as result of implementing OPP spe-cific practices ofOPP.SP 1.3 Establish Process Performance Measures and OPP.SP 1.4 Analyse Process Performance and Establish Process Performance Baselinesand OPP.SP 1.5 Establish Process Performance Models. CMMI-Dev defines the require-ments for a form of packaging experience at the organizational level resulting from performing projects that is later used by initiating projects as a form of performance benchmark. This requirement relates to what is expected by the Experience Base com-ponent of QIP+EF.

Component Measure CMMI-Dev Specific Goal

Experience Base Medium OPP.SG 1 Establish Performance Baselines and Models.

Table 5.10: Experience Basecomponent mapping to CMMI-Dev specific goals

Learning and Feedback component

The last component of QIP+EF is the Learning and Feedback component and it’s embedded in the paradigm as its considers the performing project as the learning vehi-cle for improving software engineering practices. Experimentation is supported by the use of the Goal Question Metric (GQM) paradigm which is used for defining goals, hypothesis and metrics to assess hypothesis. The feedback is possible by the integra-tion of all components where informaintegra-tion present in the Experience Base component is made available to initiating projects.

CMMI-Dev also promotes learning and feedback in the scope of Organizational Process Performance process area. Organizational performance shortfalls are identi-fied by studying how current performance can hamper meeting established organiza-tional objective, namely in the scope of OPM.SP 1.2 Analyse Process Performance DataandOPM.SP 1.3 Identify Potential Areas for Improvement ofOPM.SG 1 Man-age Business Performancespecific goal. Two out of three practices of OPM. SG 1 are related to learning and feedback as described by QIP+EF. Thus the mapping with this specific goals is classified asMedium.

Performance shortfalls are used to identify possible improvements that are eval-uated using statistical techniques and other quantitative techniques by means of ex-perimentation and piloting in projects. This is expected in the scope of practices of OPM.SP 2.2 Analyze Suggested Improvements, OPM.SP 2.3 Validate Improvements and OPM.SP 2.4 Select and Implement Improvements for Deploymentof OPM.SG 2 Select Improvementsspecific goal. Analysis and validation of improvements by means of statistical techniques relates to QIP+EF practice of using the Goal Question Met-ric (GQM) paradigm to define metMet-rics that alight with project goals which are used to monitor and evaluate if improvements are being met. The mapping to OPM.SG 2 is classified as High as three out of four practices are related to the Learning and Feedback component.

Successfully piloted improvements are then deployed in the organizational stan-dard set of processes in the scope ofOPM.SP 3.1 Plan the Deployment andOPM.SP 3.2 Manage the Deployment ofOPM.SG 3 Deploy Improvementsspecific goal. Two out of three practises of OPM.SG 3 relate to Learning and Feedback component and thus mapping is classified asMedium.

Learning and feedback relates also withOPP.SP 1.4 Analyse Process Performance and Establish Process Performance Baselines of OPP.SG 1 Establish Performance Baselines and Modelsas baselines and models serve as vehicle to retain knowledge of performance of the organization. This information is then used in the scope of new projects. These practices relate to the feedback part and thus map only to one practice of OPP.SG 1 resulting in aLowdegree mapping (Table 5.11)

Component Measure CMMI-Dev Specific Goal

Learning and Feedback

Low OPP.SG 1 Establish Performance Base-lines and Models.

Medium OPM.SG 1 Manage Business Perfor-mance.

High OPM.SG 2 Select Improvements.

Medium OPM.SG 3 Deploy Improvements.

Table 5.11: Learning and Feedbackcomponent mapping to CMMI-Dev specific goals Is summary QIP+EF relates to specific goals set in Organizational Performance Management,Organizational Process PerformanceandQuantitative Project Manage-mentprocess areas. Table 5.12 summarizes the mapping between QIP+EF and CMMI-Dev. QIP+EF has no explicit reference to goals of Causal Analysis and Resolution process area which address identification and resolution of causes of defects but Orga-nizational Performance Management, OrgaOrga-nizational Process Performance and

Quan-5.2 CMMI-Dev high maturity and Analytical SPI 107 titative Project Management specific goals are much in line with QIP+EF. Organiza-tions using QIP+EF to drive process improvement are mostly aligned with CMMI-Dev high maturity practices.

CAR.SG1 CAR.SG2 OPM.SG1 OPM.SG2 OPM.SG3 OPP.SG1 QPM.SG1 QPM.SG2

Characterize – – – – – – L –

Plan – – – – – – H –

Execute – – – – – – – M

Experience Base – – – – – M – –

Leaning and Feedback – – M H M L – –

Highest mapping – – M H M M H M

Table 5.12: Summary of QIP+EF vs CMMI-Dev High maturity mapping