43.1 m o og
a1 moogmoogmoogmoog kamp, kfreq, kfiltq, kfiltrate, kvibf, kvamp, iafn,\\
iwfn, ivfn
D
ESCRIPTIONAn emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
I
NITIALIZATIONiafn, iwfn, ivfn – three table numbers containing the attack waveform (unlooped), the main looping wave form, and the vibrato waveform. The files mandpluk.aiff and impuls20.aiff are suitable for the first two, and a sine wave for the last.
P
ERFORMANCEkamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played.
kfiltq – Q of the filter, in the range 0.8 to 0.9
kfiltrate – rate control for the filter in the range 0 to 0.0002 kvibf – frequency of vibrato in Hertz. Suggested range is 0 to 12 kvamp – amplitude of the vibrato
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-2
43.2 s h ak er
ar shakershakershakershaker kamp, kfreq, kbeans, kdamp, ktimes[, idecay]
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ESCRIPTIONAudio output is a tone related to the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument. The method is a physically inspired model developed from Perry Cook, but re-coded for Csound.
I
NITIALIZATIONidecay – If present indicates for how long at the end of the note the shaker is to be damped. The default value is zero.
P
ERFORMANCEA note is played on a maraca-like instrument, with the arguments as below.
kamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played.
kbeans – The number of beans in the gourd. A value of 8 seems suitable,
kdamp -- The damping value of the shaker. Values of 0.98 to 1 seems suitable, with 0.99 a reasonable default.
ktimes -- Number of times shaken.
The argument knum was redundant, so was removed in version 3.49.
E
XAMPLEa1 shakershakershakershaker 31129.60, 440, 8, 0.999, 100, 0 outsouts
outsouts a1, a1
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-3
43.3 m a r i mb a , v i b es
ar marimbamarimbamarimbamarimba kamp, kfreq, ihrd, ipos, imp, kvibf, kvamp, ivibfn, \\
idec[, idoubles[, itriples]]
ar vibesvibesvibesvibes kamp, kfreq, ihrd, ipos, imp, kvibf, kvamp, ivibfn, \\
idec
D
ESCRIPTIONAudio output is a tone related to the striking of a wooden or metal block as found in a marimba or vibraphone. The method is a physical model developed from Perry Cook, but re-coded for Csound.
I
NITIALIZATIONihrd – the hardness of the stick used in the strike. A range of 0 to 1 is used. 0.5 is a suitable value.
ipos – where the block is hit, in the range 0 to 1.
imp – a table of the strike impulses. The file “marmstk1.wav” is a suitable function from measurements, and can be loaded with a GEN01 table.
ivfn – shape of vibrato, usually a sine table, created by a function idec – time before end of note when damping is introduced idoubles – percentage of double strikes. Default is 40%.
itriples – percentage of triple strikes. Default is 20%.
P
ERFORMANCEkamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played.
kvibf – frequency of vibrato in Hertz. Suggested range is 0 to 12 kvamp – amplitude of the vibrato
E
XAMPLEa1 marimbamarimbamarimbamarimba 31129.60, 440, 0.5, 0.561, 2, 6.0, 0.05, 1, 0.1 a2 vibesvibesvibesvibes 31129.60, 440, 0.5, 0.561, 2, 4.0, 0.2, 1, 0.1a1 outsoutsoutsouts a1, a2
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-4
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-5
43.4 m a n d ol
ar mandolmandolmandolmandol kamp, kfreq, kpluck, kdetune, kgain, ksize, ifn\\
[, iminfreq]
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ESCRIPTIONAn emulation of a mandolin.
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NITIALIZATIONifn -- table number containing the pluck wave form. The file mandpluk.aiff is suitable for this.
iminfreq -- Lowest frequency to be played on the note. If it is omitted it is taken to be the same as the initial kfreq.
P
ERFORMANCEkamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played.
kpluck – The pluck position, in range 0 to 1. Suggest 0.4.
kgain – the loopgain of the model, in the range 0.97 to 1.
kdetune – The proportional detuning between the two strings. Suggested range 1 and 0.9.
ksize – The size of the body of the mandolin. Range 0 to 2.
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-6
43.5 g o g o b e l
ar gogobelgogobelgogobelgogobel kamp, kfreq, ihrd, ipos, imp, kvibf, kvamp, ivibfn
D
ESCRIPTIONAudio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar. The method is a physical model developed from Perry Cook, but re-coded for Csound.
I
NITIALIZATIONihrd -- the hardness of the stick used in the strike. A range of 0 to 1 is used. 0.5 is a suitable value.
ipos -- where the block is hit, in the range 0 to 1.
imp – a table of the strike impulses. The file “marmstk1.wav” is a suitable function from measurements, and can be loaded with a GEN01 table.
ivfn – shape of vibrato, usually a sine table, created by a function.
P
ERFORMANCEA note is played on a cowbell-like instrument, with the arguments as below.
kamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played.
kvibf – frequency of vibrato in Hertz. Suggested range is 0 to 12 kvamp – amplitude of the vibrato
E
XAMPLEa1 gogobelgogobelgogobelgogobel 31129.60, 440, p4, 0.561, 3, 6.0, 0.3, 1 outsoutsoutsouts a1, a2
N
AMEC
HANGEPrior to Csound version 3.52 (February, 1999), this opcode was called agogobel.
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47
The Public Csound Reference Manual Version 4.10 Signal Generators: Models and Emulations Page 43-7
43.6 voice
ar voicevoicevoicevoice kamp, kfreq, kphoneme, kform, kvibf, kvamp, ifn, ivfn
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ESCRIPTIONAn emulation of a human voice.
I
NITIALIZATIONifn, ivfn – two table numbers containing the carrier wave form and the vibrato waveform.
The files “impuls20.aiff”, “ahh.aiff”, “eee.aiff”, or “ooo.aiff” are suitable for the first of these, and a sine wave for the second. These files are available from:
ftp://ftp.maths.bath.ac.uk/pub/dream/documentation/sounds/modelling /
P
ERFORMANCEkamp – Amplitude of note.
kfreq – Frequency of note played. It can be varied in performance.
kphoneme – an integer in the range 0 to 16, which select the formants for the sounds:
“eee”,”ihh”,”ehh”,”aaa”, “ahh”,”aww”,”ohh”,”uhh”, “uuu”,”ooo”,”rrr”,”lll”, “mmm”,”nnn”,”nng”,”ngg”.
At present the phonemes
“fff”,”sss”,”thh”,”shh”, “xxx”,”hee”,”hoo”,”hah”, “bbb”,”ddd”,”jjj”,”ggg”, “vvv”,”zzz”,”thz”,”zhh”
are not available (!)
kform – Gain on the phoneme. values 0.0 to 1.2 recommended.
kvibf – frequency of vibrato in Hertz. Suggested range is 0 to 12 kvamp – amplitude of the vibrato
A
UTHORJohn ffitch (after Perry Cook) University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK
New in Csound version 3.47