Table A.3:GenBank data for Proteocephalidea andAcanthobothrium.
Species Host Marine water body or Gen Bank
freshwater river system 16S 28S
Acanthobothrium spp.
A. brevissime Dasyatis say Gulf of Mexico, Florida, U.S.A. EU660532
-A. parviuncinatum Urobatis maculatus Baja California, Mexico - EF095264
Acanthobothrium sp.1 Dasyatis logus Baja California, Mexico - AF286953
Proteocephalidea specimens
Acanthotaenia sp. Varanus exanthematicus Ghana AJ389480 AJ388593
Gangesia parasiluri Silurus asotus Nagano prefecture, Lake Suwa, Japan AJ389477 AJ388590 Silurotaenia siluri Silurus glanis Orlik water reserve, Czech Republic AJ389479 AJ388592 Proteocephalus pirarara Phractocephalus hemioliopterus Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Brazil - AJ388616 Rudolphiella piracatinga Calophysus macropterus Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Brazil - AJ388627 Ophiotaenia jarara Bothrops jararaca Domingos Martins, Espirito Santo, Brazil - AJ388607
Proteocephalus percae Perca fluviatilis Neuchatel Lake, Switzerland - AJ388594
Proteocephalus tetrastomus Hypomesus nipponensis Nagano prefecture, Lake Suwa, Japan - AJ388635 Nomimoscolex lenha Sorubimichthys planiceps Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Brazil - AJ388611 Zygobothrium megacephalum Phractocephalus hemioliopterus Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Brazil - AJ388621
Table A.4: Specimens ofAcanthobothriumsequenced by Fyler (2009) with molecular codes, host codes, and localities.
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF01 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura leoparda NT-37 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 136.986
CF02 Acanthobothrium sp. Narcine entemedor BJ-107 Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, Pacific Ocean, Mexico
28.986, -113.537
CF03 Acanthobothrium sp. Rhinobatos rhinobatos SE-205 Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.678, -17.454 CF04 Acanthobothrium sp. Raja velezi BJ-243 Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur, Pacific
Ocean, Mexico
27.331, -112.254
CF05 A. etini Himantura polylepis BO-496 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.388
CF06 A. cf. woodsholei Dasyatis sp. SE-222 Mbour, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.406, -16.971
CF07 Acanthobothrium sp. Raja miraletus SE-56 Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.678, -17.455
CF09 Acanthobothrium sp. Pastinachus atrus NT-105 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 136.988
CF24 Acanthobothrium sp. Brachaelurus waddi KJG-1 Coast of Sydney, Pacific Ocean, Australia No data available CF25 A. cf. angelae Hypnos monopterygius KJG-7 Coast of Sydney, Pacific Ocean, Australia No data available CF26 A. cf. angelae Hypnos monopterygius KJG-7 Coast of Sydney, Pacific Ocean, Australia No data available CF27 A. cf. angelae Hypnos monopterygius KJG-7 Coast of Sydney, Pacific Ocean, Australia No data available
Continued on next page
Table A.4 – Continued from previous page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF31 A. mattaylori Rhynchobatus laevis NT-7 Nhulunbuy (Gove), Northern Territory, Gove Harbor, Gulf of Carpentaria, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-12.194, 136.715
CF32 A. jaenneae Rhynchobatus laevis NT-7 Nhulunbuy (Gove), Northern Territory, Gove Harbor, Gulf of Carpentaria, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-12.194, 136.715
CF33 A. hypermekkolpos Rhynchobatus laevis NT-7 Nhulunbuy (Gove), Northern Territory, Gove Harbor, Gulf of Carpentaria, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-12.194, 136.715
CF34 A. hypermekkolpos Rhynchobatus laevis NT-7 Nhulunbuy (Gove), Northern Territory, Gove Harbor, Gulf of Carpentaria, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-12.194, 136.716
CF35 A. herronorum Rhynchobatus cf. laevis NT-66 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.016
CF37 Acanthobothrium sp. Dipturus batis AZ-10 Horta, Azores Islands, Faial Island, Atlantic Ocean, Portugal
38.517, -28.649
CF40 Acanthobothrium sp. Rhinobatos cemiculus SE-134 Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.678, -17.483 CF41 Acanthobothrium sp. Rhinobatos cemiculus SE-134 Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.678, -17.483 CF45 Acanthobothrium sp. Pteromylaeus bovinus SE-143 St. Louis, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 16.024, -16.534 CF46 Acanthobothrium sp. Neotrygon cf. kuhlii BO-409 Sarawak, Borneo, South China Sean, Pacifc
Ocean, Malaysia
2.817, 110.901
Continued on next page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF47 A. cf. brevissime Dasyatis say MS05-402 Florida, Crooked Island Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
29.994, -85.551
CF48 A. cf. brevissime Dasyatis say MS05-402 Florida, Crooked Island Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
29.994, -85.551
CF50 Acanthobothrium sp. Dasyatis sabina MS05-431 Florida, Indian Pass, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
29.669, -85.251
CF51 Acanthobothrium sp. Raja eglanteria MS05-421 Florida, Indian Pass, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
29.669, -85.252
CF52 Acanthobothrium sp. Raja eglanteria MS05-421 Florida, Indian Pass, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
29.669, -85.252
CF53 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura lobistoma BO-268 Mukah, Sarawak, Borneo, South China Sean, Pacifc Ocean, Malaysia
2.898, 112.119
CF61 Acanthobothrium sp. Dasyatis sp. SE-222 Mbour, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.406, -17.003 CF65 Acanthobothrium sp. Paragaleus pectoralis SE-129 Ouakam, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.715, -17.519 CF68 Uncibilocularis
squireorum
Himantura cf. urarnak CM03-3 Weipa, Queensland, Gulf of Carpentaria, Indian Ocean, Australia
-12.586, 141.736
CF69 Acanthobothrium sp. Brachaelurus waddi KJG-1 Coast of Sydney, Pacific Ocean, Australia No data available CF70 A. cf. lasti Himantura leoparda NT-117 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands,
Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.020
CF72 N. gen. n. sp. 1 Pristis clavata AU-36 Buffalo Creek, Timor Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia
-12.336, 130.937
Continued on next page
Table A.4 – Continued from previous page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF73 N. gen. n. sp. 1 Pristis clavata AU-36 Buffalo Creek, Timor Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia
-12.336, 130.938
CF75 Acanthobothrium sp. Gymnura altavela SE-275 Kafountine, Casamance, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal
12.928, -16.788
CF77 Acanthobothrium sp. Gymnura altavela SE-305 Joal, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.175, -16.888 CF78 Acanthobothrium sp. Zanobatus schoenleinii SE-199 Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.678, -17.488 CF79 Acanthobothrium sp. Taeniura grabata SE-224 Mbour, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 14.406, -17.005 CF80 Acanthobothrium sp. Dasyatis margaritella SE-234 Djifere, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal 13.931, -16.789 CF81 N. gen. n. sp. 2 Pristis clavata AU-36 Buffalo Creek, Timor Sea, Indian Ocean,
Australia
-12.336, 130.939
CF82 N. gen. n. sp. 2 Pristis clavata AU-36 Buffalo Creek, Timor Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia
-12.336, 130.939
CF85 A. cf. terezae Potomotrygon cf. motoro PU-4 Boca Manu, Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios River, Peru
-12.267, -70.956
CF87 A. rodmani Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands,
Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.023
CF89 A. romanowi Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands,
Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.024
CF93 A. oceanharvestae Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.024
CF96 Potamotrygonocestus cf.
fitzgeraldae
Potomotrygon castexi PU-23 Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios River, Peru -12.283, -70.924
Continued on next page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF100 A. margieae Orectolobus japonicus TW-19 Magong, Penghu, Taiwan Strait, Pacific Ocean, Taiwan
23.564, 119.608
CF103 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura undulata KA-43 Muara Pasir, East Kalimantan, Borneo, Makassar Strait, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia
-1.766, 116.425
CF105 A. santarosaliense Heterodontus mexicanus BJ-300 Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur, Pacific Ocean, Mexico
27.331, -112.292
CF108 A. cf. microcephalum Myliobatis californica BJ-626 Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, Pacific Ocean, Mexico
28.986, -113.575
CF111 A. popi Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands,
Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.026
CF116 A. romanowi Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.026
CF120 A. popi Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands,
Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.026
CF121 A. zimmeri Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.026
CF122 A. zimmeri Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.027
CF123 A. romanowi Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.027
CF124 A. rodmani Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.027
Continued on next page
Table A.4 – Continued from previous page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF126 A. oceanharvestae Himantura sp. NT-96 Northen Territory, east of Wessel Islands, Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean, Australia
-11.296, 137.028
CF128 A. margieae Orectolobus japonicus TW-19 Magong, Penghu, Taiwan Strait, Pacific Ocean, Taiwan
23.564, 119.611
CF130 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura cf. gerrardi KA-211 Sidu, West Kalimantan, Borneo, Java Sea, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia
-1.363, 110.111
CF134 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura lobistoma BO-480 Mukah, Sarawak, Borneo, South China Sean, Pacifc Ocean, Malaysia
2.898, 112.128
CF136 A. etini Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.429
CF138 A. masnihae Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.429
CF139 A. saliki Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.429
CF140 A. zainili Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.429
CF141 A. etini Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.430
CF142 A. masnihae Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.430
CF143 A. masnihae Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.430
Continued on next page
Molecular Species Host Host code† Marine water body or Coordinates
code freshwater river (system)
CF144 A. etini Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.431
CF145 A. saliki Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.431
CF146 A. saliki Himantura polylepis BO-108 Kampung Abai, Kinebatangan River, Sabah, Borneo, Kinabatangan River, Malaysia
5.686, 118.431
CF147 Acanthobothrium sp. Raja eglanteria TM-1 Cape Point, North Carolina, Western Atlantic Ocean, U.S.A.
35.250, -75.565
CF151 A. ramiroi Potamotrygon motoro VI-1 Colastiné River, Santa Fé, Argentina -31.667, -60.815 CF152 A. ramiroi Potamotrygon motoro VI-2 Colastiné River, Santa Fé, Argentina -31.667, -60.815 CF153 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura cf. gerrardi KA-57 Kota Baru, South Kalimantan, Borneo,
Makassar Strait, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia
-3.246, 116.266
CF154 Acanthobothrium sp. Himantura fai KA-436 Manggar, East Kalimantan, Borneo, Makassar Strait, Pacific Ocean, Indonesia
-1.215, 117.016
†For further information, please lock for the host codes at the Global Cestode Database (http://tapewormdb.uconn.edu).
A.9 Strict consensus tree
CF153 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura cf. gerrardi ab Indonesia (KA57)
CF105 - A. santarosaliense ex. Heterodontus mexicanus ab Mexico (BJ300)
CF78 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Zanobatus schoenleinii ab Senegal (SE199)
A034 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006) CF33 - A. hypermekkolpos ex. Rhynchobatus laevis ab Australia (NT7)
CF138 - A. masnihae ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
CF68 - Uncibilocularis squireorum ex. Himantura cf. urarnak ab Australia (CM033)
CF152 - A. ramiroi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Argentina (VI2) CF34 - A. hypermekkolpos ex. Rhynchobatus laevis ab Australia (NT7)
A064 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-004)
A147 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-054) CF87 - A. rodmani ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A. parviuncinatum ex. Urobatis maculatus ab Mexico (GenBank EF095264) CF82 - N. gen. n. sp. 2 ex. Pristis clavata ab Australia (AU36)
CF52 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja eglanteria ab USA (MS05421)
A121 - Acanthobothrium cf. sp. 2 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-058) CF126 - A. oceanharvestae ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A063 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-005) A118 - Acanthobothrium sp. 2 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-058) CF77 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Gymnura altavela ab Senegal (SE305)
CF120 - A. popi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A054 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon histrix ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-041) Ophiotaenia jarara ex. Bothrops jararaca ab Brazil (GenBank AJ388607)
CF65 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Paragaleus pectoralis ab Senegal (SE129) CF40 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Rhinobatos cemiculus ab Senegal (SE134)
A146 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-053) A112 - A. terezae ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-031)
A140 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-037) CF100 - A. margieae ex. Orectolobus japonicus ab Taiwan (TW19)
A029 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-001) CF70 - A. cf. lasti ex. Himantura leoparda ab Australia (NT117)
CF140 - A. zainili ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A023 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-001)
A077 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon sp. (tpj1) ab Jamanxin - Brazil (MT05-033) Silurotaenia siluri ex. Silurus glanis ab Czech Republic (GenBank AJ389479/ AJ388592)
A035 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006)
A045 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-005)
A129 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-057)
Zygobothrium megacephalum ex. Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ab Brazil (GenBank AJ388621)
A100 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Sinamaica Lagoon - Venezuela (VZ11-018)
A151 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-050)
A076 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon sp. (tpj1) ab Jamanxin - Brazil (MT05-033) A115 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-029) A. brevissime ex. Dasyatis say ab USA (GenBank EU660532)
A142 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-037) A110 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-033) CF154 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura fai ab Indonesia (KA436)
A052 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon histrix ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-028) CF108 - A. cf. microcephalum ex. Myliobatis californica ab Mexico (BJ626)
Proteocephalus tetrastomus ex. Hypomesus nipponensis ab Japan (GenBank AJ388635)
CF116 - A. romanowi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
CF141 - A. etini ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A108 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-025)
A125 - A. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-034) Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis logus ab Mexico (GenBank AF286953)
CF32 - A. jaenneae ex. Rhynchobatus laevis ab Australia (NT7)
A055 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon falkneri ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-043) CF31 - A. mattaylori ex. Rhynchobatus laevis ab Australia (NT7)
A096 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Rio Apure/Guaritico - Venezuela (VZ11-025) Rudolphiella piracatinga ex. Calophysus macropterus ab Brazil (GenBank AJ388627)
CF103 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura undulata ab Indonesia (KA43)
A038 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006)
A049 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-018) CF69 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Brachaelurus waddi ab Australia (KJG1) CF89 - A. romanowi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A050 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon sp. ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-021) A065 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-004)
A092 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN05-087) A107 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-025) A141 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-037)
A037 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006) CF111 - A. popi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A046 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-005) Proteocephalus percae ex. Perca fluviatilis ab Switzerland (GenBank AJ388594)
CF06 - A. cf. woodsholei ex. Dasyatis sp. ab Senegal (SE222)
CF05 - A. etini ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO496) CF04 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja velezi ab Mexico (BJ243)
A126 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-034) CF45 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Pteromylaeus bovinus ab Senegal (SE143) CF124 - A. rodmani ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
CF143 - A. masnihae ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A122 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-058) CF01 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura leoparda ab Australia (NT37) A144 - Acanthobothrium cf. sp. 2 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-023) CF146 - A. saliki ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A047 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon sp. ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-014) A030 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-002) CF53 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura lobistoma ab Malaysia (BO268) CF24 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Brachaelurus waddi ab Australia (KJG1)
CF61 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis sp. ab Senegal (SE222) CF02 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Narcine entemedor ab Mexico (BJ107)
Acanthotaenia sp. ex. Varanus exanthematicus ab Ghana (GenBank AJ389480/ AJ388593)
A149 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-054) A053 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon histrix ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-041)
A017 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Potamotrygon sp. (negra) ab Tapajós - Brazil (MT05-009) CF145 - A. saliki ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A062 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-026) CF37 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dipturus batis ab Portugal (AZ10)
A067 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-005)
CF79 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Taeniura grabata ab Senegal (SE224) CF128 - A. margieae ex. Orectolobus japonicus ab Taiwan (TW19)
A026 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006)
A028 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-001) Nomimoscolex lenha ex. Sorubimichthys planiceps ab Brazil (GenBank AJ388611)
CF47 - A. cf. brevissime ex. Dasyatis say ab USA (MS05402)
A036 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006) CF41 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Rhinobatos cemiculus ab Senegal (SE134)
A135 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-039) CF25 - A. cf. angelae ex. Hypnos monopterygius ab Australia (KJG7)
CF134 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura lobistoma ab Malaysia (BO480)
A127 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-034)
A099 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Sinamaica Lagoon - Venezuela (VZ11-018)
A148 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-054) CF130 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Himantura cf. gerrardi ab Indonesia (KA211) CF142 - A. masnihae ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A097 - Acanthobothrium cf. sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-026)
A048 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon sp. ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-014) CF80 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis margaritella ab Senegal (SE234)
A134 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-039) CF85 - A. cf. terezae ex. Potomotrygon cf. motoro ab Peru (PU4)
A069 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-007) CF51 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja eglanteria ab USA (MS05421)
A027 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-007) CF81 - N. gen. n. sp. 2 ex. Pristis clavata ab Australia (AU36)
A138 - Acanthobothrium cf. sp. 2 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-042)
A006 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab do Urubu Creek - Brazil (PA07-075) A160 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-063)
A116 - A. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-043) CF122 - A. zimmeri ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
CF09 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Pastinachus atrus ab Australia (NT105)
A056 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon falkneri ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-043) CF93 - A. oceanharvestae ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
CF46 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Neotrygon cf. kuhlii ab Malaysia (BO409) Gangesia parasiluri ex. Silurus asotus ab Japan (GenBank AJ389477/ AJ388590) CF72 - N. gen. n. sp. 1 ex. Pristis clavata ab Australia (AU36)
CF147 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja eglanteria ab USA (TM1)
A117 - A. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-043) CF26 - A. cf. angelae ex. Hypnos monopterygius ab Australia (KJG7)
A066 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-005) CF73 - N. gen. n. sp. 1 ex. Pristis clavata ab Australia (AU36)
CF27 - A. cf. angelae ex. Hypnos monopterygius ab Australia (KJG7)
CF136 - A. etini ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A070 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-035) A051 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon sp. ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-021)
A032 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-005) CF96 - Potamotrygonocestus cf. fitzgeraldae ex. Potomotrygon castexi ab Peru (PU23)
A156 - A. cf. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-056) CF03 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Rhinobatos rhinobatos ab Senegal (SE205)
A120 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-058) A154 - A. amazonensis ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-056) A113 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-031) CF121 - A. zimmeri ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A104 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-034)
A153 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-044) A130 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-057) A101 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Sinamaica Lagoon - Venezuela (VZ11-012) CF151 - A. ramiroi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Argentina (VI1)
A124 - Acanthobothrium cf. sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-002)
A098 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Sinamaica Lagoon - Venezuela (VZ11-013) A132 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-039) CF139 - A. saliki ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
CF123 - A. romanowi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
CF48 - A. cf. brevissime ex. Dasyatis say ab USA (MS05402)
A158 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-029)
Proteocephalus pirarara ex. Phractocephalus hemioliopterus ab Brazil (GenBank AJ388616)
CF144 - A. etini ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
A152 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-044) A131 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-039)
A090 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN05-085) A139 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-042) CF07 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja miraletus ab Senegal (SE56)
A114 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-026) CF75 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Gymnura altavela ab Senegal (SE275)
A039 - Acanthobothrium quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Itaipu Dam - Paraguay/Brazil (PR09-006)
A102 - A. cf. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon yepezi ab Sinamaica Lagoon - Venezuela (VZ11-012) CF50 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis sabina ab USA (MS05431)
A111 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-033) CF35 - A. herronorum ex. Rhynchobatus cf. laevis ab Australia (NT66)
A103 - A. terezae ex. Potamotrygon orbignyi ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-034)
A133 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-039)
A136 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-042)
A150 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-050) 44
Pool of trees which provided the minimun BS value:
OA: search for 3 hours, IP: swap for 1 hour, repeat 9 times 4318 trees found OA: search for 6 hours, IP: swap for 1 hour 826 trees found
Figure A.1:Complete strict consensus tree of the trees found for parameter set 2:1:1:1, including support and stability measures.
A.10 Cladogram with branch lengths representing the number of transformations
0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 . 0
CF85 - A. cf. terezae ex. Potomotrygon cf. motoro ab Peru (PU4) CF143 - A. masnihae ex. Himantura polylepis ab Malaysia (BO108)
CF04 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja velezi ab Mexico (BJ243) Gangesia parasiluri ex. Silurus asotus ab Japan (GenBank AJ389477/AJ388590)
A046 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Salobra River - Brazil (MS10-005) CF07 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Raja miraletus ab Senegal (SE56)
A107 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Paratrygon aiereba ab Apure/Guaritico River - Venezuela (VZ11-025) CF123 - A. romanowi ex. Himantura sp. ab Australia (NT96)
A122 - Acanthobothrium sp. 1 ex. Potamotrygon schroederi ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-058)
A150 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-050) A065 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-004)
A150 - A. quinonesi ex. Potamotrygon motoro ab Negro River - Brazil (RN11-050) A065 - Acanthobothrium sp. ex. Dasyatis guttata ab Brazil (AL10-004)