Sugestões para Futuros Trabalhos

Novas comparações de resultados entre softwares devem ser realizadas, além de modelagens 3D e comparações das mesmas com os resultados 2D.

Os levantamentos geológico-geotécnicos devem estar focados também na determinação de parâmetros para análises computacionais, através de ensaios de campo, mapeamentos de superfície e sondagem.

Deve-se adotar uma instrumentação cujos resultados sejam adequados à utilização em análises de projeto, ou seja, que sejam realizadas visando este tipo de análise e que não sirvam apenas para alertar sobre a existência de possíveis problemas de segurança e detecção de riscos iminentes à segurança na execução dos serviços.

CITADAS

Azevedo, I.C.D. e Marques, E.A.G. (2002) - Introdução à mecânica das rochas – Editora UFV.

Assis, A. P. (2003) - Apostilas de Mecânica das Rochas: Curso Básico, Obras Subterrâneas e Estabilidade de Taludes – UNB, Brasília /DF.

Barton, N.R. Lien, R e Lunde, J. (1974) - Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mech. Vol. 6, n. (4), pp. 189-239.

Barton, N., Loset, F., Lien, R. e Lunde, J. (1980) - Application of the Q-system in design decisions. New York: In Subsurface Space, (ed. M. Bergman) vol. 2, pp.553-561.

Barton, N. (1991) - Geotechnical Design, World Tunnelling, Nov. 1991, pp.410-416.

Bieniawski, Z.T. (1973) - Engineering Classification of Jointed Rock Mass, Trans. S. Afr. Instn. Civil Engrs.,Vol.15, pp. 335-342.

Bieniawski, Z.T. (1974) - Estimating the strength of rock materials. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall vol. 74, pp.312-320.

Bieniawski, Z.T. (1978) - Determining Rock Mass Deformability, Experience from Case Histories, Int. Jr. Rock Mech. And Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 15, pp. 237-247. Bieniawski, Z.T. (1984) - Rock Mechanics Design in Mining and Tunnelling, A.A., Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 97-133,.

Bieniawski, Z.T. (1989) - Engineering Rock Mass Classifications. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. 251p,

Brady, B. H. G. & Brown, E. T. (1985) - Rock mechanics for underground mining. Allen and Unwin. London. 527 p.

Brekke, T.L. e Howard, T.R. (1972) – Stability problems caused by seams and faults. Rapid Tunnelling & Excavation Conference, 1972, pp. 25-41.

3-19.

Carranza-Torres, C. e Fairhurst, C. (1999) - Self-similarity analysis of the elasto-plastic response of underground openings in rock using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Paper to be submitted to the Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.

Carranza-Torres, C. e Fairhust, C. (2000). Application of the Convergence-Confinement Method of Tunnel Design to Rock Masses That Satisfy the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 187-213.

Carrieri, G., Grasso, P., Mahtab, A. e Pelizza, S. (1991) - Ten years of experience in the use of umbrella-arch for tunnelling. Proc. SIG Conf. On Soil and Rock Improvement, Milan, vol. 1. pp. 99-111.

Cavalcante, A.L.B (2000) – Efeito do Gradiente de Permeabilidade na Estabilidade de Barragens de Rejeito Alteadas pelo Método de Montante – Dissertação de Mestrado – UNB, Brasília /DF.

Cecil, O.S. (1970) - Correlation of Rock Bolts – Shotcrete Support and Rock Quality Parameters in Scandinavian Tunnels, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, p.414. Chern, J.C., Yu, C.W., and Shiao, F.Y. (1998) - “Tunnelling in squeezing ground and support estimation.” Proc. Reg. Symp. Sedimentary Rock Engineering, Taipei, pp. 192- 202.

Constrado (1983) – Steel Designers’ Manual. Granada: Constructional and Steel Research and Development Organisation.

Couter, S. e Martin, C.D. (2004) – Ground Deformations Above a large Shallow Tunnel Excavated Using Jet Grouting.Adapted from Proc. ISRM Regional Symposium EUROCK 2004 and 53rd _{Geomechanics Colloquy. Edited by W. Schubert, VGE, Essen, pp. 155-160.}

Cundall, P.A. (1971) - A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems. In. Rock Fracture, Proc. Symp. ISRM, Nancy 1, Paper 2-8.

Deere, D.U., Peck, R.B., Monsees, J.E. and Schmidt, B. (1969) - Design of Tunnel Liners and Support System, U.S. Department of Transportation, Highway Research Record Washington D.C., No. 339.

Detournay, E. e C. Fairhust (1987) – Two-dimensional Elastoplastic Analysis of a Long Cylindrical Cavity Under Non-hydrostatic loading. Int. J. Rock Mech. & Geomech. Abstr., vol. 24, n. 4, pp 197-211.

Non-uniform Loading. Rock Mech. Rock Engng., vol. 21, pp. 119-137.

Duddeck, H. (ed.) (1988) – Guidelines for the design of tunnels. ITA Working Group on General Approaches to the Design of Tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 3, pp. 237-249.

Duncan Fama, M.E. (1993) - Numerical modelling of yield zones in weak rocks. In Comprehensive rock engineering, (ed. J.A. Hudson) Oxford: vol. 2, pp. 49-75.

Einstein, H.H. e Schwartz, C.W. (1979) - Simplified analysis for tunnel supports. ASCE J. Geotech. Eng. Div. Vol.104 (n. 4), pp. 499-518.

Figueiredo, R. P. (1990). Aplicação da Técnica de Relaxação Dinâmica à Solução de Problemas Geotécnicos. Dissertação de Mestrado (Eng. Civil: Geotecnia), PUC-RIO, 187 p.

Goel, R.K. e Jethwa, J.L. (1991) - Prediction of Support Pressure using RMR Classification. Proc. Indian Getech. Conf. Surat, India, pp. 203-205.

Goodman, R.E. (1989) - Introduction to Rock Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 562p.

Grasso, P., Mahtab, M.A., Rabajoli, G. e Pelizza, S. (1993) - Consideration for design of shallow tunnels. Proc. Infrastructures souterraines de transport, Toulon, pp. 19-28.

Grimstad, E. e Barton, N. (1993) - Updating the Q-System for NMT. Proc. int. symp. on sprayed concrete – modern use of yet mix sprayed concrete for underground support, Fagernes, (eds Kompen, Opsahl and Berg), Oslo: Norwegian Concrete Assn.

Hoek, E & Brown, E.T. (1980) - Underground Excavations in Rock. IMM, London, UK, 527 p.

Hoek, E. (1981) – Geotechnical design of large openings at depth. Rapid Exc. & Tunn. Conf. AIME.

Hoek, E. (1983). Strenght of Jointed Rock Masses. Géotecnique, vol .33, n.3, pp.187-223. Hoek, E., Kaiser, P.K. & Bawden, W.F. (1995) - Support of Underground Escavations in Hard Rock. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 215p.

Hoek, E. e Brown, E.T. (1997) - Practical Estimates of Rock Mass Strenght, Int. Jr. Rock Mech. And Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1165-1186.

Underground Desing. CBMR / CBT, São Paulo, SP, 268p.

Hoek, E. (1998b) - Tunnel support in weak rock. Keynote address, Symposium of Sedimentary Rock Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan.

Hoek, E. (1999a) - “Putting numbers to geology – na engineer’s viewpoint.” Q.J. Engrg. Geol., vol. 32, pp. 1-19.

Hoek, E. (1999b) - A discussion on accetability criteria for temporary support and final linings of large span transportation tunnels in poor rock – Vancouver (www.rocscience.com).

Hoek, E. (2000a) - Rock Engineering – North Vancouver. (www.rocscience.com)- acessado em junho/2004.

Hoek, E. (2000b) - Big tunnels in bad rock. Terzaghi Lecture, ASCE J. Geotch. Geoenviron. Engng., vol. 127, n. 9, pp. 726-740.

Hoek, E. (s. d.) - Support for very weak rock associated with faults and shear zones – North Vancouver - (www.rocscience.com) - acessado em fevereiro/2002.

Hoek, E. Carranza-Torres, C. T. and Corkum. B. (2002) - Hoek-Brown criterion – 2002 edition. Proc. NARMS-TAC Conference, 2002, Toronto, vol. 1, pp. 267-273.

Hoek, E. (2004a) – Numerical modelling for shallow tunnels in weak rock – unpublished notes and discussion paper #3 (www.rocscience.com).

Hoek, E. (2004b) – Estimates of rock mass strength and deformation modulus – discussion paper # 4 - (www.rocscience.com).

Hoek, E. (2004c) – Choosing between reinforcement and support discussion paper # 8 - (www.rocscience.com).

Hudson, J.A. (1989) - Rock mechanics principles in engineering practice. [S.I.]: CIRIA Ground Engineering Report, Butterworths, 72p.

Hudson, J.A. & J.P. Harrison (1997). Engineering rock mechanics – an introduction to the principles. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 444 p.

ISRM (1978) – Descripition of Descontinuities in a Rock Mass, Int. Jr. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci, & Geomech. Abstr., Pergamon, vol. 15, pp. 319-368.

Itasca Consulting Group (1998) - 3DEC. 3 Dimensional Distinct Element Code. Version 2.0. User Manual. Minneapolis: Itasca.

Jaeger, J. C., Cook, N. G. W. (1976) - Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, 2 ed., Chapman & Hall. London, 585 p.

Jaeger, J. C.; Cook, N.G.W. (1979) - Fundamentals of rock machanics. 3. Ed. London: Chapman & Hall, London, 593 p.

Kaiser, P.K., Mackay, C. and Gale, A.D. (1986) - Evaluation of Rock Classification at B.C. Rail Tumbler Ridge Tunnels, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 205-234. Kirsch, G., (1898) - Die theorie der elastizitat und die bedurfnisse der festigkeitslehre. Veit. Deit. Ing. Vol. 42 (n. 28), pp. 797-807.

Laubscher, D.H. & C.H. Page (1990). - The design of support in high stress or weak rock

environments. Proc. 92nd Can.Inst. Min. Metall. AGM, Otawa, Paper 91.

Lauffer, H. (1958) - Gebirgsklassifizierung Fur den Stollenbau, Geologie and Bauwesen, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 46-51.

Leite, E.N. (2004) - Estudo do Comportamento Geomecânico do Pilar Superior da Mina Ipueira V (Ferbasa Mineração – Andorinha, BA). Dissertação de Mestrado – Escola de Minas – UFOP. 81p, Ouro Preto /MG.

Londe, P. (1988) - Discussion on the determination of the shear stress failure of rock masses. ASCE J. Geotech. Engng. Div., vol. 114(n. 3), pp 374-376.

Marinos, P. e Hoek, E. (2001) - Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock masses such as flysch – Bull Eng. Geol. Env. Vol. 60, pp. 85-92.

Marti, J. & Cundall, P.A. (1982) - Mixed discretisation procedure for accurate solution of plasticity problems, Int. J. Num. Methods and Anal. Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 6, pp. 129-139.

Matsumoto, Y. e Nishioka, T. (1991) - Theoretical Tunnel Mechanics. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

Mehrotra, V.K. (1992). - Estimation of Engineering Properites of Rock Mass, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, India, 267 p.

Albuquerque, pp. 14-17.

Nicholson, G.A. e Bieniawski, Z.T. (1990) - A Non-Linear deformation Modulus Based on Rock Mass Classification, Int. J. Min. & Geol. Engg., (8), pp. 181-202.

Palmstrom A. (1995) - Rmi – A Rock Mass Characterization system for rock engineering purposes. PhD thesis, Oslo University, Norway, 400p.

Panet, M. (1995) - Calcul des Tunnels par la Méthode de Convergence-Confinement. Paris: Press de l’ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.

Rockscience, Inc.(2001a) - Phase2 _{Users Manual, version 5.0. Toronto, 173 p.}

Rockscience, Inc.(2001b) - Roclab Users Manual. Toronto, 23 p.

Rose, D. (1982) - Revising Terzaghi’s Tunnel Rock Load Coefficients, Proc. 23rd U.S.Sym Rock Mech., AIME, New York, pp. 953-960.

Sakurai, S. (1983) - Displacement measurements associated with the design of underground openings. Proc. Int. symp. Field measurements in geomechanics, Zurich 2, pp. 1163-1178.

Sánchez Fernández, J.L. e Terán Benítez, C.E. (1994) - Túnel de Trasvase Yacambú- Quibor. “Avance Actual de los Trabajos de Excavación Mediante la Utilización de Soportes Flexibles Aplicados a Rocas com Grandes Deformaciones”. Proc. IV Congreso Sudamericano de Mecanica de Rocas, Santiago, vol 1, pp. 489-497.

Selmer-Olsen, R. (1964) – Geology and engineering geology. (in Norwegian Tapir, Trondheim, Norway), 409 pp.

Selmer-Olsen, R. e Palmström, A. (1989) – Tunnel collapses in swelling clay zones, part 1. Tunnels & Tunnelling, November 1989.

Serafim, J.L. e Pereira, J.P. (1983) - Considerations of the Geomechanics Classification of Bieniawski, Int. Symp. Eng. Geo. Underground Constr., LNEC, Lisbon, Vol 1, pp. II.33 – II.42.

Shen, B. e Barton, N. (1997) - The disturbed zone around tunnels in jointed rock masses. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 34 (n. 1), pp. 117-125.

Sheorey, P.R., (1994). A theory for in situ stresses in isotropic and transversely isotropic rock. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 23-34.

Significance of Low Shear Modulus, Int. Jr. Rock Mech. And Min. Sci. & Geomec. Abstr., vol. 10, pp. 7-349.

Singh, M.M. e Bortz S.A. (1975) - Use of special cements in shotcrete. In Use of Shotcrete for Underground Structural Support. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 200-231.

Singh, Bhawani. (1979) - Geological e Geophysical Investigation in Rocks for Engineering Projects, Int. Symp. Institu Testing of Soils & Performance of Structures, Vol 1, India, pp. 486-492.

Singh, Suneel. (1997) - Time Dependent Deformation Modulus Rock in Tunnels, M.E. Thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, India, p. 65.

Singh, Bhawani, Goel, R.K., Jethwa, J.L. e Dube, A.K. (1997) - Support Pressure Assessment in Arched Underground Openings through Poor Rock Masses, Engineering Geology, vol. 48, pp. 59-81.

Singh, B. e Goel, R. K. (1999). Rock Mass Classification – A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering.

Stillborg, B. (1994) - Professional users handbook for rock bolting, 2nd edn. Clausthal- Zellerfeld: Trans Tech Publications.

Terzaghi, K. (1946) - Rock defects and loads on tunnels supports. In Rock tunneling with steel supports, (eds R. V. Proctor and T. L. White) vol. 1, 17-99. Youngstown, OH: Commercial Shearing and Stamping Company. 278 p.

Unal, E. (1983) - Design Guidelines and Roof Control Standarts for Coal Mine Roofs, Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.

Vargas JR, E.A. e Nunes, A.L.L.S. (1992). Noções de Mecânicas das Rochas., Rio de Janeiro: PUC/RJ, 191p. (Notas de aula).

Varona, P. (1995) - Flac Basics – Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. - Minneapolis - USA.

Verman, M.K. (1993) - Rock Mass-Tunnel Support Interaction Analysis, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India.

Wilkins, M.L. (1964) - Fundamental methods in hydrodynamics, In Methods in Computational Physics, 3, (eds. Alder et al.), New York: Academia Press, pp 211-263.

Zienkiewicz, O. C. & Taylor, R. L. (1991) - The Finite Element Method – vol 2: solid and

fluid mechanics; dynamics and non-linearity. 4th ed. McGraw Hill. New York. 807 p.

CONSULTADAS

Barton, N. (2003) – Failure Around Tunnels and Boreholes and Other Problems in Rock Mechanics – ISRM News Journal.

Crowder, J.J. e Bawden, W.F. (2004) – Review of Post-Peak Parameters and Behaviour of

Rock Masses: Current Trends and Research. - (www.rocscience.com) - acessado em

outubro/2004.

Curran, J.H.; Hammah, R.E. e Yacoub, T.E (2004) – A two-dimensional approach for

designing tunnel support in weak rock. - (www.rocscience.com) - acessado em

outubro/2004.

Fenner, r. (1983) - Undersuchungen zur erkenntnis des gebirgsdruckes. Gluckauf.

Fiori, A.P. e Carmignani, L. (2001) - Fundamentos da Mecânica dos Solos e das Rochas: Aplicações na Estabilidade de Taludes – Curitiba: Editora da UFPR – 548 p.

Hoek, E. e Diederichs, M.S. (2005) – Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences vol. 43, pp. 203-215.

ISRM (s.d.)– Referred the Definitions of Squeezing received from ISRM.

Mafra, J. M. Q. (2001) - Estudo de Tensões Virgens em maciços Rochosos: O Caso UHE Itá – Dissertação de Mestrado (Eng. de Barragens), UFOP, 200 p.

Marinos, P. e Hoek, E. (2000). GSI: A geologically friendly toll for rock mass strength

estimation – In: Proc. Int. Conf. Geotechnical and Geological Engng. (GeoEng2000),

Melbourne, Austrália, pp. 1422-1440.

Marinos, V.; Marinos, P. e Hoek, E. (2005) – The geological strength index: applicatinos and limitations. Bull Eng. Geol. Environ. Vol. 64, pp. 55-65.

Geotecnia – UFV, Viçosa /MG.

Pinto, C. S. (2002) - Curso Básico de Mecânica dos Solos em 16 aulas/2ª- edição – São Paulo: Oficina de textos, 247 p.

Stillborg, B. (1986). Professional Users Handbook for Rockbolts. Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics. Vol 15, Clausthal-Zellerfeld: TransTech Publications, 145 p.

Thompson, G.A et al. (2004) – Performance assessment of mesh for ground control

applications - (www.rocscience.com) – acessado em setembro/2004.

Windsor, C.B.E. (2002) – Structural Design of Shocrete Linings- (www.rocscience.com) – acessado em fevereiro/2002.

Anexo A.I - Apresentação das análises computacionais

Estão apresentadas abaixo algumas das análises computacionais realizadas. Todas as análises realizadas estão disponibilizadas no CD anexo a esta dissertação. As telas abaixo representam os resultados das modelagens utilizando o software Phase2, referentes aos fatores de segurança encontrados no maciço. Os comentários realizados referente às análises estão descritos no item 5.3 (Apresentação dos resultados) desta dissertação.

Figura A.I.1 − Seção Axis FN – Consideração da redução de E em 50% e aumento do número de iterações (máximo de 1000) – Representação das

das isofaixas dos fatores de segurança no maciço.

Figura A.I.3 − Seção Tipo III Inferior – Consideração que o enrijencimento do concreto se dá um estágio após a sua aplicação, redução de E em 50 % e aumento

do número de iterações (máximo de 1000) – representação das isofaixas dos fatores de segurança no maciço e dos pontos de plastificação.