• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Como trabalhos futuros, será importante buscar soluções para resolver de forma ainda mais efetiva os problemas gerados por movimentos abruptos e repetidos da cabeça e oclusões parciais da face.

Uma possível solução é treinar o CE-CLM (ZADEH et al., 2017) com imagens borradas,

geradas pelos movimentos bruscos. Visto que o OpenFace (BALTRUSAITIS et al., 2018)

disponibiliza código de treino, esta solução pode ser avaliada de forma rápida. Da mesma forma, o CE-CLM pode ser evoluído para lidar melhor com imagens de faces com oclusões parciais, geradas principalmente por acessórios. Por meio de treinamento com um maior número de imagens nesse contexto, o CE-CLM pode vir a ser capaz de tratar melhor estes cenários. Para alcançar um alinhamento facial mais preciso, também há a possibilidade de investigar o uso de um maior número de pontos de referência para realizar o casamento entre a face de entrada e as malhas 3D.

Também serão investigadas formas de conduzir avaliações adicionais através de um maior número de indivíduos e expressões faciais, usando bases de dados públicas, como o FaceWareHouse (CAO et al., 2013).

Outro ponto é o custo computacional. Serão investigadas formas de incrementar o desempenho do método proposto, o qual apresenta resultados mais lentos em comparação ao FaceCap original.

No contexto de utilização de recursos, também é importante investigar uma forma de executar o FaceCap (THOMAS; TANIGUCHI, 2016) usando apenas imagens RGB, elimi-

nando a necessidade da câmera de profundidade e propiciando um uso mais difundido da solução desenvolvida.

Por fim, é importante validar a solução proposta, e suas possíveis melhorias futuras, no desenvolvimento de aplicações de RA facial.

REFERÊNCIAS

ABADI, M.; BARHAM, P.; CHEN, J.; CHEN, Z.; DAVIS, A.; DEAN, J.; DEVIN, M.; GHEMAWAT, S.; IRVING, G.; ISARD, M. et al. Tensorflow: A system for large-scale machine learning. In: 12th {USENIX} Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation ({OSDI} 16). [S.l.: s.n.], 2016. p. 265–283.

ALCANTARILLA, P. F.; BARTOLI, A.; DAVISON, A. J. Kaze features. In: SPRINGER. European Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.], 2012. p. 214–227.

ALCANTARILLA, P. F.; SOLUTIONS, T. Fast explicit diffusion for accelerated features in nonlinear scale spaces. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell, TrueVision Solutions, v. 34, n. 7, p. 1281–1298, 2011.

ALMEIDA, D. R. O. de; GUEDES, P. A.; SILVA, M. M. O. da; SILVA, A. L. B. V. e; LIMA, J. P. S. do M.; TEICHRIEB, V. Interactive makeup tutorial using face tracking and augmented reality on mobile devices. In: IEEE. 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality. [S.l.], 2015. p. 220–226.

AZUMA, R. T. A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, MIT Press, v. 6, n. 4, p. 355–385, 1997.

BALLARD, D. H. Generalizing the hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern recognition, Elsevier, v. 13, n. 2, p. 111–122, 1981.

BALTRUŠAITIS, T.; ROBINSON, P.; MORENCY, L.-P. 3d constrained local model for rigid and non-rigid facial tracking. In: IEEE. 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.], 2012. p. 2610–2617.

BALTRUSAITIS, T.; ROBINSON, P.; MORENCY, L.-P. Constrained local neural fields for robust facial landmark detection in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013. p. 354–361. BALTRUŠAITIS, T.; ROBINSON, P.; MORENCY, L.-P. Openface: an open source facial behavior analysis toolkit. In: IEEE. 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). [S.l.], 2016. p. 1–10.

BALTRUSAITIS, T.; ZADEH, A.; LIM, Y. C.; MORENCY, L.-P. Openface 2.0: Facial behavior analysis toolkit. In: IEEE. 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2018). [S.l.], 2018. p. 59–66.

BESL, P. J.; MCKAY, N. D. Method for registration of 3-d shapes. In: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS. Sensor Fusion IV: Control Paradigms and Data Structures. [S.l.], 1992. v. 1611, p. 586–607.

BLANZ, V.; VETTER, T. Face recognition based on fitting a 3d morphable model. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 25, n. 9, p. 1063–1074, 2003.

BLANZ, V.; VETTER, T. et al. A morphable model for the synthesis of 3d faces. In: Siggraph. [S.l.: s.n.], 1999. v. 99, n. 1999, p. 187–194.

CAO, C.; WENG, Y.; ZHOU, S.; TONG, Y.; ZHOU, K. Facewarehouse: A 3d facial expression database for visual computing. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE, v. 20, n. 3, p. 413–425, 2013.

CHANG, F.-J.; TRAN, A. T.; HASSNER, T.; MASI, I.; NEVATIA, R.; MEDIONI, G. Faceposenet: Making a case for landmark-free face alignment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.: s.n.], 2017. p. 1599–1608. CHANG, F.-J.; TRAN, A. T.; HASSNER, T.; MASI, I.; NEVATIA, R.; MEDIONI, G. Expnet: Landmark-free, deep, 3d facial expressions. In: IEEE. 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2018). [S.l.], 2018. p. 122–129.

CHATFIELD, K.; SIMONYAN, K.; VEDALDI, A.; ZISSERMAN, A. Return of the devil in the details: Delving deep into convolutional nets. arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.3531, 2014.

CHEN, Y.-L.; WU, H.-T.; SHI, F.; TONG, X.; CHAI, J. Accurate and robust 3d facial capture using a single rgbd camera. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013. p. 3615–3622.

COOTES, T. F.; EDWARDS, G. J.; TAYLOR, C. J. Active appearance models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, IEEE, n. 6, p. 681–685, 2001. COOTES, T. F.; TAYLOR, C. J.; COOPER, D. H.; GRAHAM, J. Active shape models-their training and application. Computer vision and image understanding, Elsevier, v. 61, n. 1, p. 38–59, 1995.

COOTES, T. F.; WHEELER, G. V.; WALKER, K. N.; TAYLOR, C. J. View-based active appearance models. Image and vision computing, Elsevier, v. 20, n. 9-10, p. 657–664, 2002.

COVER, T. M.; HART, P. E. et al. Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE transactions on information theory, Menlo Park, v. 13, n. 1, p. 21–27, 1967.

CRISTINACCE, D.; COOTES, T. F. Feature detection and tracking with constrained local models. In: CITESEER. Bmvc. [S.l.], 2006. v. 1, n. 2, p. 3.

De la Torre, F.; Chu, W.; Xiong, X.; Vicente, F.; Ding, X.; Cohn, J. Intraface. In: 2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG). [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. v. 1, p. 1–8.

DIEBEL, J. Representing attitude: Euler angles, unit quaternions, and rotation vectors. Matrix, v. 58, n. 15-16, p. 1–35, 2006.

DOLLÁR, P.; WELINDER, P.; PERONA, P. Cascaded pose regression. In: IEEE. 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.], 2010. p. 1078–1085.

DORNAIKA, F.; AHLBERG, J. Fast and reliable active appearance model search for 3-d face tracking. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), IEEE, v. 34, n. 4, p. 1838–1853, 2004.

DUCHI, J.; HAZAN, E.; SINGER, Y. Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization. Journal of Machine Learning Research, v. 12, n. Jul, p. 2121–2159, 2011.

FANELLI, G.; DANTONE, M.; GOOL, L. V. Real time 3d face alignment with random forests-based active appearance models. In: IEEE. 2013 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG). [S.l.], 2013. p. 1–8.

FANELLI, G.; GALL, J.; GOOL, L. V. Real time head pose estimation with random regression forests. In: IEEE. CVPR 2011. [S.l.], 2011. p. 617–624.

FARFADE, S. S.; SABERIAN, M. J.; LI, L.-J. Multi-view face detection using deep convolutional neural networks. In: ACM. Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. [S.l.], 2015. p. 643–650.

FELZENSZWALB, P. F.; GIRSHICK, R. B.; MCALLESTER, D. Cascade object detection with deformable part models. In: IEEE. 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.], 2010. p. 2241–2248. FELZENSZWALB, P. F.; GIRSHICK, R. B.; MCALLESTER, D.; RAMANAN, D. Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 32, n. 9, p. 1627–1645, 2009.

FENG, Y.; WU, F.; SHAO, X.; WANG, Y.; ZHOU, X. Joint 3d face reconstruction and dense alignment with position map regression network. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). [S.l.: s.n.], 2018. p. 534–551.

FERAUND, R.; BERNIER, O. J.; VIALLET, J.-E.; COLLOBERT, M. A fast and accurate face detector based on neural networks. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 23, n. 1, p. 42–53, 2001.

FISCHLER, M. A.; ELSCHLAGER, R. A. The representation and matching of pictorial structures. IEEE Transactions on computers, IEEE, n. 1, p. 67–92, 1973.

FREUND, Y.; SCHAPIRE, R. E. A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. Journal of computer and system sciences, Elsevier, v. 55, n. 1, p. 119–139, 1997.

FRIEDMAN, J.; HASTIE, T.; TIBSHIRANI, R. et al. Additive logistic regression: a statistical view of boosting (with discussion and a rejoinder by the authors). The annals of statistics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, v. 28, n. 2, p. 337–407, 2000.

GARCIA, C.; DELAKIS, M. Convolutional face finder: A neural architecture for fast and robust face detection. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 26, n. 11, p. 1408–1423, 2004.

GARG, R.; BG, V. K.; CARNEIRO, G.; REID, I. Unsupervised cnn for single view depth estimation: Geometry to the rescue. In: SPRINGER. European Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.], 2016. p. 740–756.

GUO, Y.; ZHANG, L.; HU, Y.; HE, X.; GAO, J. Ms-celeb-1m: A dataset and benchmark for large-scale face recognition. In: SPRINGER. European Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.], 2016. p. 87–102.

HAMMING, R. W. Error detecting and error correcting codes. The Bell system technical journal, Nokia Bell Labs, v. 29, n. 2, p. 147–160, 1950.

HE, K.; SUN, J. Convolutional neural networks at constrained time cost. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 5353–5360.

HE, K.; SUN, J.; TANG, X. Guided image filtering. In: SPRINGER. European conference on computer vision. [S.l.], 2010. p. 1–14.

HEISELET, B.; SERRE, T.; PONTIL, M.; POGGIO, T. Component-based face detection. In: IEEE. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001. [S.l.], 2001. v. 1, p. I–I.

HSIEH, P.-L.; MA, C.; YU, J.; LI, H. Unconstrained realtime facial performance capture. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 1675–1683.

HSU, G.-S. J.; LIU, Y.-L.; PENG, H.-C.; WU, P.-X. Rgb-d-based face reconstruction and recognition. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, IEEE, v. 9, n. 12, p. 2110–2118, 2014.

HSU, R.-L.; ABDEL-MOTTALEB, M.; JAIN, A. K. Face detection in color images. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 24, n. 5, p. 696–706, 2002.

HU, C.; FERIS, R. S.; TURK, M. Active wavelet networks for face alignment. In: BMVC. [S.l.: s.n.], 2003. p. 1–10.

HUANG, G. B.; LEARNED-MILLER, E. Labeled faces in the wild: Updates and new reporting procedures. Dept. Comput. Sci., Univ. Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, Tech. Rep, p. 14–003, 2014.

HUANG, G. B.; MATTAR, M.; BERG, T.; LEARNED-MILLER, E. Labeled faces in the wild: A database forstudying face recognition in unconstrained environments. In: Workshop on faces in’Real-Life’Images: detection, alignment, and recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2008.

HUBER, P.; HU, G.; TENA, R.; MORTAZAVIAN, P.; KOPPEN, P.; CHRISTMAS, W. J.; RATSCH, M.; KITTLER, J. A multiresolution 3d morphable face model and fitting framework. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications. [S.l.: s.n.], 2016.

JACKSON, A. S.; BULAT, A.; ARGYRIOU, V.; TZIMIROPOULOS, G. Large pose 3d face reconstruction from a single image via direct volumetric cnn regression. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.: s.n.], 2017. p. 1031–1039.

JESORSKY, O.; KIRCHBERG, K. J.; FRISCHHOLZ, R. W. Robust face detection using the hausdorff distance. In: SPRINGER. International conference on audio-and video-based biometric person authentication. [S.l.], 2001. p. 90–95.

JIA, Y.; SHELHAMER, E.; DONAHUE, J.; KARAYEV, S.; LONG, J.; GIRSHICK, R.; GUADARRAMA, S.; DARRELL, T. Caffe: Convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. In: ACM. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Multimedia. [S.l.], 2014. p. 675–678.

JIN, X.; TAN, X. Face alignment in-the-wild: A survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Elsevier, v. 162, p. 1–22, 2017.

JOHNSON, R.; ZHANG, T. Accelerating stochastic gradient descent using predictive variance reduction. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013. p. 315–323.

JONES, M.; VIOLA, P. Fast multi-view face detection. Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab TR-20003-96, v. 3, n. 14, p. 2, 2003.

KALAL, Z.; MIKOLAJCZYK, K.; MATAS, J. Face-tld: Tracking-learning-detection applied to faces. In: IEEE. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. [S.l.], 2010. p. 3789–3792.

KATO, H.; BILLINGHURST, M. Marker tracking and hmd calibration for a video-based augmented reality conferencing system. In: IEEE. Proceedings 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality (IWAR’99). [S.l.], 1999. p. 85–94. KAZEMI, V.; KESKIN, C.; TAYLOR, J.; KOHLI, P.; IZADI, S. Real-time face reconstruction from a single depth image. In: IEEE. 2014 2nd International Conference on 3D Vision. [S.l.], 2014. v. 1, p. 369–376.

KING, D. E. Dlib-ml: A machine learning toolkit. Journal of Machine Learning Research, v. 10, n. Jul, p. 1755–1758, 2009.

KRIZHEVSKY, A.; SUTSKEVER, I.; HINTON, G. E. Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. [S.l.: s.n.], 2012. p. 1097–1105.

LECUN, Y.; BOSER, B.; DENKER, J. S.; HENDERSON, D.; HOWARD, R. E.; HUBBARD, W.; JACKEL, L. D. Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition. Neural computation, MIT Press, v. 1, n. 4, p. 541–551, 1989.

LEE, S.-J.; JUNG, S.-B.; KWON, J.-W.; HONG, S.-H. Face detection and recognition using pca. In: IEEE. Proceedings of IEEE. IEEE Region 10 Conference. TENCON 99.’Multimedia Technology for Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure’(Cat. No. 99CH37030). [S.l.], 1999. v. 1, p. 84–87.

LEPETIT, V.; FUA, P. et al. Monocular model-based 3d tracking of rigid objects: A survey. Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision, Now Publishers, Inc., v. 1, n. 1, p. 1–89, 2005.

LEUTENEGGER, S.; CHLI, M.; SIEGWART, R. Brisk: Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints. In: IEEE. 2011 IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV). [S.l.], 2011. p. 2548–2555.

LEWIS, J. P.; ANJYO, K.; RHEE, T.; ZHANG, M.; PIGHIN, F. H.; DENG, Z. Practice and theory of blendshape facial models. Eurographics (State of the Art Reports), v. 1, n. 8, p. 2, 2014.

LI, H.; LIN, Z.; SHEN, X.; BRANDT, J.; HUA, G. A convolutional neural network cascade for face detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 5325–5334.

LI, S. Z.; FU, Q.; GU, L.; SCHOLKOPF, B.; CHENG, Y.; ZHANG, H. Kernel machine based learning for multi-view face detection and pose estimation. In: IEEE. Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001. [S.l.], 2001. v. 2, p. 674–679.

LIENHART, R.; MAYDT, J. An extended set of haar-like features for rapid object detection. In: IEEE. Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing. [S.l.], 2002. v. 1, p. I–I.

LIN, C. Face detection in complicated backgrounds and different illumination conditions by using ycbcr color space and neural network. Pattern Recognition Letters, Elsevier, v. 28, n. 16, p. 2190–2200, 2007.

LIU, F.; ZENG, D.; ZHAO, Q.; LIU, X. Joint face alignment and 3d face reconstruction. In: SPRINGER. European Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.], 2016. p. 545–560. LIU, J.; DENG, Y.; BAI, T.; WEI, Z.; HUANG, C. Targeting ultimate accuracy: Face recognition via deep embedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.07310, 2015.

LIU, W.; WANG, Z.; LIU, X.; ZENG, N.; LIU, Y.; ALSAADI, F. E. A survey of deep neural network architectures and their applications. Neurocomputing, Elsevier, v. 234, p. 11–26, 2017.

LIU, X. Discriminative face alignment. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE, v. 31, n. 11, p. 1941–1954, 2008.

LIU, X.; KAN, M.; WU, W.; SHAN, S.; CHEN, X. Viplfacenet: an open source deep face recognition sdk. Frontiers of Computer Science, Springer, v. 11, n. 2, p. 208–218, 2017. LIU, Z.; LUO, P.; WANG, X.; TANG, X. Deep learning face attributes in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 3730–3738.

LIVET, N.; YANG, X. XZIMG: Augmented reality, magic free filters, deep learning vision, at your service. c2019. Disponível em: <https://www.xzimg.com/>. Acesso em: 05 de jun. de 2019.

MARTÍN-GUTIÉRREZ, J.; FABIANI, P.; BENESOVA, W.; MENESES, M. D.; MORA, C. E. Augmented reality to promote collaborative and autonomous learning in higher education. Computers in human behavior, Elsevier, v. 51, p. 752–761, 2015.

MARTINS, P.; CASEIRO, R.; BATISTA, J. Generative face alignment through 2.5 d active appearance models. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Elsevier, v. 117, n. 3, p. 250–268, 2013.

MATTHEWS, I.; BAKER, S. Active appearance models revisited. International journal of computer vision, Springer, v. 60, n. 2, p. 135–164, 2004.

MCNEELY, W. A.; PUTERBAUGH, K. D.; TROY, J. J. Six degree-of-freedom haptic rendering using voxel sampling. In: ACM. ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses. [S.l.], 2005. p. 42.

MORENCY, L.-P.; WHITEHILL, J.; MOVELLAN, J. Generalized adaptive view-based appearance model: Integrated framework for monocular head pose estimation. In: IEEE. 2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition. [S.l.], 2008. p. 1–8.

MUJA, M.; LOWE, D. G. Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration. VISAPP (1), v. 2, n. 331-340, p. 2, 2009.

MURPHY-CHUTORIAN, E.; TRIVEDI, M. M. Head pose estimation in computer vision: A survey. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, IEEE, v. 31, n. 4, p. 607–626, 2008.

NASSE, F.; THURAU, C.; FINK, G. A. Face detection using gpu-based convolutional neural networks. In: SPRINGER. International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. [S.l.], 2009. p. 83–90.

NETO, E. N. A.; DUARTE, R. M.; BARRETO, R. M.; MAGALHÃES, J. P.; BASTOS, C.; REN, T. I.; CAVALCANTI, G. D. Enhanced real-time head pose estimation system for mobile device. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, IOS Press, v. 21, n. 3, p. 281–293, 2014.

OJALA, T.; PIETIKÄINEN, M.; HARWOOD, D. A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on featured distributions. Pattern recognition, Elsevier, v. 29, n. 1, p. 51–59, 1996.

OSADCHY, M.; CUN, Y. L.; MILLER, M. L. Synergistic face detection and pose estimation with energy-based models. Journal of Machine Learning Research, v. 8, n. May, p. 1197–1215, 2007.

OSUNA, E.; FREUND, R.; GIROSI, F. et al. Training support vector machines: an application to face detection. In: cvpr. [S.l.: s.n.], 1997. v. 97, n. 130-136, p. 99.

PARKHI, O. M.; VEDALDI, A.; ZISSERMAN, A. et al. Deep face recognition. In: bmvc. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. v. 1, n. 3, p. 6.

PAYSAN, P.; KNOTHE, R.; AMBERG, B.; ROMDHANI, S.; VETTER, T. A 3d face model for pose and illumination invariant face recognition. In: IEEE. 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. [S.l.], 2009. p. 296–301.

PERFECT CORP. YouCam Makeup: Hyper-realistic makeovers powered by revolutionary 3D face AR technology. c2019. Disponível em: <https://www.perfectcorp.com/>. Acesso em: 05 de jun. de 2019.

PHAM, H. X.; PAVLOVIC, V.; CAI, J.; CHAM, T.-j. Robust real-time performance- driven 3d face tracking. In: IEEE. 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). [S.l.], 2016. p. 1851–1856.

PIOTRASCHKE, M.; BLANZ, V. Automated 3d face reconstruction from multiple images using quality measures. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2016. p. 3418–3427.

RAMANAN, D.; ZHU, X. Face detection, pose estimation, and landmark localization in the wild. In: CITESEER. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). [S.l.], 2012. p. 2879–2886.

REN, S.; CAO, X.; WEI, Y.; SUN, J. Face alignment at 3000 fps via regressing local binary features. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2014. p. 1685–1692.

RICHARDSON, E.; SELA, M.; KIMMEL, R. 3d face reconstruction by learning from synthetic data. In: IEEE. 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV). [S.l.], 2016. p. 460–469.

ROMDHANI, S.; GONG, S.; PSARROU, A. et al. A multi-view nonlinear active shape model using kernel pca. In: BMVC. [S.l.: s.n.], 1999. v. 10, p. 483–492.

ROWLEY, H. A.; BALUJA, S.; KANADE, T. Rotation invariant neural network-based face detection. [S.l.], 1997.

RUBLEE, E.; RABAUD, V.; KONOLIGE, K.; BRADSKI, G. R. Orb: An efficient alternative to sift or surf. In: CITESEER. ICCV. [S.l.], 2011. v. 11, n. 1, p. 2.

RUMELHART, D. E.; HINTON, G. E.; WILLIAMS, R. J. et al. Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Cognitive modeling, v. 5, n. 3, p. 1, 1988.

RUSINKIEWICZ, S.; LEVOY, M. Efficient variants of the icp algorithm. In: 3dim. [S.l.: s.n.], 2001. v. 1, p. 145–152.

SÁNCHEZ-LOZANO, E.; MARTINEZ, B.; TZIMIROPOULOS, G.; VALSTAR, M. Cascaded continuous regression for real-time incremental face tracking. In: SPRINGER. European Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.], 2016. p. 645–661.

SARAGIH, J. M.; LUCEY, S.; COHN, J. F. Deformable model fitting by regularized landmark mean-shift. International Journal of Computer Vision, Springer, v. 91, n. 2, p. 200–215, 2011.

SAUER, P.; COOTES, T. F.; TAYLOR, C. J. Accurate regression procedures for active appearance models. In: BMVC. [S.l.: s.n.], 2011. p. 1–11.

SCHÖLKOPF, B.; SMOLA, A.; MÜLLER, K.-R. Kernel principal component analysis. In: SPRINGER. International conference on artificial neural networks. [S.l.], 1997. p. 583–588.

SCHROFF, F.; KALENICHENKO, D.; PHILBIN, J. Facenet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 815–823.

SEOW, M.-J.; VALAPARLA, D.; ASARI, V. K. Neural network based skin color model for face detection. In: IEEE. 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2003. Proceedings. [S.l.], 2003. p. 141–145.

SHEN, J.; ZAFEIRIOU, S.; CHRYSOS, G. G.; KOSSAIFI, J.; TZIMIROPOULOS, G.; PANTIC, M. The first facial landmark tracking in-the-wild challenge: Benchmark and results. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 50–58.

SHEN, X.; LIN, Z.; BRANDT, J.; WU, Y. Detecting and aligning faces by image retrieval. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013. p. 3460–3467.

SHI, X.; SHAN, S.; KAN, M.; WU, S.; CHEN, X. Real-time rotation-invariant face detection with progressive calibration networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2018. p. 2295–2303.

SIEGL, C.; LANGE, V.; STAMMINGER, M.; BAUER, F.; THIES, J. Faceforge: Markerless non-rigid face multi-projection mapping. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, IEEE, v. 23, n. 11, p. 2440–2446, 2017.

SIMONYAN, K.; ZISSERMAN, A. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556, 2014.

SNAP INC. Snapchat: The fastest way to share a moment. c2019. Disponível em: <https://www.snapchat.com/>. Acesso em: 05 de jun. de 2019.

STYLIANOU, G.; LANITIS, A. Image based 3d face reconstruction: a survey. International Journal of Image and Graphics, World Scientific, v. 9, n. 02, p. 217–250, 2009.

SUN, Y.; CHEN, Y.; WANG, X.; TANG, X. Deep learning face representation by joint identification-verification. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. [S.l.: s.n.], 2014. p. 1988–1996.

SUN, Y.; LIANG, D.; WANG, X.; TANG, X. Deepid3: Face recognition with very deep neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.00873, 2015.

SUN, Y.; WANG, X.; TANG, X. Deep learning face representation from predicting 10,000 classes. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2014. p. 1891–1898.

SUN, Y.; WANG, X.; TANG, X. Deeply learned face representations are sparse, selective, and robust. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 2892–2900.

SZEGEDY, C.; IOFFE, S.; VANHOUCKE, V.; ALEMI, A. A. Inception-v4, inception- resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In: Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. [S.l.: s.n.], 2017.

SZEGEDY, C.; LIU, W.; JIA, Y.; SERMANET, P.; REED, S.; ANGUELOV, D.; ERHAN, D.; VANHOUCKE, V.; RABINOVICH, A. Going deeper with convolutions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2015. p. 1–9.

TADMOR, O.; WEXLER, Y.; ROSENWEIN, T.; SHALEV-SHWARTZ, S.; SHASHUA, A. Learning a metric embedding for face recognition using the multibatch method. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.07270, 2016.

TAIGMAN, Y.; YANG, M.; RANZATO, M.; WOLF, L. Deepface: Closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2014. p. 1701–1708.

THOMAS, D.; SUGIMOTO, A. A flexible scene representation for 3d reconstruction using an rgb-d camera. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. [S.l.: s.n.], 2013. p. 2800–2807.

THOMAS, D.; TANIGUCHI, R.-I. Augmented blendshapes for real-time simultaneous 3d head modeling and facial motion capture. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2016. p. 3299–3308.

TRAN, A. T.; HASSNER, T.; MASI, I.; MEDIONI, G. Regressing robust and

discriminative 3d morphable models with a very deep neural network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2017. p. 5163–5172.

TRAN, A. T.; HASSNER, T.; MASI, I.; PAZ, E.; NIRKIN, Y.; MEDIONI, G. Extreme 3d face reconstruction: Seeing through occlusions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2018. p. 3935–3944.

TRAN, L.; LIU, X. Nonlinear 3d face morphable model. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2018. p. 7346–7355. TZIMIROPOULOS, G.; PANTIC, M. Gauss-newton deformable part models for face alignment in-the-wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [S.l.: s.n.], 2014. p. 1851–1858.

VIOLA, P.; JONES, M. et al. Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. CVPR (1), v. 1, p. 511–518, 2001.

VIOLA, P.; JONES, M. J. Robust real-time face detection. International journal of computer vision, Springer, v. 57, n. 2, p. 137–154, 2004.

VIZILTER, Y.; GORBATSEVICH, V.; VOROTNIKOV, A.; KOSTROMOV, N. Real-time face identification via cnn and boosted hashing forest. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. [S.l.: s.n.], 2016. p. 78–86.

WANG, N.; GAO, X.; TAO, D.; YANG, H.; LI, X. Facial feature point detection: A comprehensive survey. Neurocomputing, Elsevier, v. 275, p. 50–65, 2018.

WEINBERGER, K. Q.; SAUL, L. K. Distance metric learning for large margin nearest neighbor classification. Journal of Machine Learning Research, v. 10, n. Feb, p. 207–244, 2009.

WEISE, T.; BOUAZIZ, S.; LI, H.; PAULY, M. Realtime performance-based facial animation. In: ACM. ACM transactions on graphics (TOG). [S.l.], 2011. v. 30, n. 4, p. 77.

WEN, Y.; ZHANG, K.; LI, Z.; QIAO, Y. A discriminative feature learning approach for deep face recognition. In: SPRINGER. European conference on computer vision. [S.l.], 2016. p. 499–515.

WILSON, P. I.; FERNANDEZ, J. Facial feature detection using haar classifiers. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges,