Galileo Galilei OBSERVED in a hailstorm: small and large hailstones hit the ground at the same time. HE thought it was obvious because of common sense (we do the same thing most of the time!!!!). to reproduce the experimental data he collected. predict what would happen in other cases.
YES WE CAN BE 100 % sure it will ALWAYS boil!!!
It was a simulation of 12 hard spheres (BODIES) to model the process of nuclear detonation during. State of the art 2013: 64 million-atom model of the HIV capsid (a protein shell that protects the virus's genetic material and is a key to its virulence, Nature's Nanotechnology. Exponential growth in the power of commodity PCs:. experimental science more expensive than ever before. virtual science is comparatively cheaper than ever RESEARCH in virtual theoretical science is very complex, typically needs highly qualified, highly trained, Ph.
Persons or non-living items would be placed on the transport platform and dismantled particle by particle by a jet with their atoms modeled in a computer buffer and converted into a jet directed to the. Note that it is not enough to simulate a second, IT MUST be a second where there is something very interesting.
WHY!!!
The code inside your laptop, TV, phone or car is often poorly documented, unstable and poorly tested. It breaks if you input badly formatted data and you have to manually modify the output to get the columns to line up. The fact that the code is a bit crude is one of the main reasons scientists give for not sharing it with others.
Nevertheless, software for all professions is written to be good enough for the intended job. So, if your code is good enough to do the job, then it's good enough to publish—and releasing it will help your research and your field.
Nanometer Chart
If we want to manipulate atoms, we need to know and control their positions in space. In 1986, individual atoms could be directly imaged for the first time using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). In 1985, British chemist Harry Kroto was puzzling over strange chains of carbon atoms that could be detected.
He thought that these chains could form in conditions found near red giant stars. Kroto visited the American laboratory of Richard Smalley and Robert Curl, who were studying 'clusters' - aggregates of atoms that only exist briefly. Together, they attempted to create high-temperature conditions in the laboratory, conditions similar to those near red giants.
They did mass spectra of the sample and found a very large peak for 60 C atoms (with another smaller one for 70 C atoms), this was a first. Couldn't find the structure as last time Smalley used a paper model by cutting out paper pentagons and.
2004? why?
Perfect two-dimensional crystals cannot exist in the free state!
HOW?
1 hundred thousand PR papers, in 25
Nanoradio: amazing, yet proof of concept (i.e. experiment shows it can be done, but it's VERY HARD to do!) industrially produced.
Real Research
Computer models aid COMPLEX experiments
Computer models aid
COMPLEX experiments (II) 3D structure of Graphene (on
From results of CPD master's students modified algorithm way to make very fast calculations of graphene in series. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the flow of an atomic liquid under high pressure in "pipettes" of carbon nanotubes occurs in well-defined laminae one atom thick. Fluxes and ejection velocities are a function of inlet diameter and outlet type.
Under the conditions investigated here, the force of the ejected fluid is similar in value to that of biomotors, while the output per second is of the order of Carbon nanotubes have been proposed to serve as nano-vehicles to deliver genetic or therapeutic material into cells due to their ability to cross the cell membrane. However, it is difficult to obtain a detailed picture of the molecular mode of action of such a distribution due to the hidden effects of the cell membrane.
Here we report a systematic computational study of membrane insertion of single carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube bundles using two completely different and unrelated techniques. First, a static environmental free energy scan is performed based on a membrane mimicry approach and different insertion geometries are evaluated. The dynamics are then investigated using a coarse-grained approach previously used to study the dynamics of nanoparticle integration into a bilayer.
The results of both models show, for unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes, a preference for the horizontal orientation within the internal hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane. The cellular membrane promotes aggregation of carbon nanotubes in its hydrophobic core and modifies the structural stability of the bundles.
Mesoscopic MD Simulations, not ATOMIC RESOLUTION (sizes and timescales!!!!)
Using a mathematical concept called sparseness, the compressed observation algorithm takes very noisy data and transforms it into clean data. It turns out that out of all the BIG possible reconstructions, the simplest, or sparsest, image is almost always the real one or very close to it. A cat is penned in a steel chamber, together with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter there is a tiny bit of radioactive dust, so small that perhaps in the barrel of the hour, one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none;.
If one has left this whole system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat is still alive, if no atom has meanwhile decayed. The entire psi function of the system would express this by having the live and dead cat (excuse the expression) mixed or smeared in equal parts. There is a difference between a shaky or out of focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.
Advice for projects
