ù. ㇇ÍÒÓÌÂÌ, ï. åÂÍËÌÂÌ
81
339.92(474.2+480+470.2)
— ,
- —
, ,
-.
-.
—
-,
.
-,
,
-,
, ,
-.
-,
.
-,
-.
.
К : ,
-, - ,
-, , ,
-,
-,
-, -èéíÖçñàÄã
Ñãü êÄëòàêÖçàü
ëéíêìÑçàóÖëíÇÄ
åÖÜÑì
ëìÑéëíêéàíÖãúçõåà
äãÄëíÖêÄåà ùëíéçàà,
îàçãüÑàà
à ëÖÇÖêé-áÄèÄÑÄ êéëëàà
ù. ㇇ÍÒÓÌÂÌ
*ï. åÂÍËÌÂÌ
** .
FI-20014, , .
31.05.2013 .
doi: 10.5922/2074-9848-2013-4-6
© ., ., 2013
-.
-,
-,
, .
, ,
-, ,
-- ;
-. , ,
-,
.
-,
,
.
-, ,
( ,
-, 2015 .),
,
-,
-. :
? -?
,
-- ,
;
.
-, ,
[5; 9; 14]. ,
,
-- .
,
[4].
-, .
,
.
—
-,
. . .
83
-
-,
(
-, ). ,
, . .
, ,
-, -.
,
- ,
-. ,
,
-,
- .
[8], ,
-,
-.
,
. . [8],
-.
-,
-:
-, , ,
,
,
-.
( . . 92—93), ,
,
-, .
, .
,
.
. , .
-,
-. BLRT
Grupp, 80% [15].
-, [18]. 50
[15]. BLRT Grupp,
[18].
,
.
-
,
,
-, -
-, . BLRT Grupp
, ,
,
.
,
[7].
,
-.
-.
[19], .
-.
,
-. —
-,
[18].
. , ,
-Baltic Workboats
-, BLRT Grupp
.
, ,
85
[15]. ,
- ,
-,
-.
-,
-, ,
Enter-prise Estonia.
2011—2020 ., —
,
,
-. ,
-, ,
, , ,
-.
—
-. ,
.
-, .
-,
-, ,
[17].
-,
.
— ,
.
,
, ,
-, , (
-) [2].
-,
,
,
,
. , ,
ABB, « - »
STX,
- , .
,
-. —
— ,
,
-, - ,
, .
-,
-.
-.
( , ,
),
-,
-. ,
-, .
,
[2]. ,
. , [10].
-.
- — ,
-, ,
. .
,
[2].
-, - [10].
,
-87
;
Tech-nip, Spar- ; KONE
-; Napa,
[13].
-, ,
. ,
, ,
[10].
-, Laivateollisuus,
Rauma-Repola, Valmet, Hollming Wärtsilä,
.
,
.
,
-, .
,
-.
, —
-. ,
-,
- .
-,
-,
-.
.
-,
-, . ,
. ,
,
[1].
.
,
-,
. 2010—2012 .
-,
-,
[11]. 2013 .
,
[12].
,
. ,
,
-;
-.
, .
, Finnvera
(Tekes),
- .
-Finpro
-, .
—
- ,
[1]. , ,
.
-,
-,
.
-,
- , .
-
-: 72%
; 80%
[6].
89
( ). , -
-,
-, -
. , ,
, , ,
. ,
-
-- .
, , ,
-;
,
-, .
-,
-. .
.
-,
-. ,
-.
, 2030 .
-,
1,3 [3; 20].
-:
-, ; —
;
[3]. ,
, -
,
[16].
-,
-,
6% [20]. ,
,
.
-, ,
.
.
-,
-.
--
-,
, .
-,
-; -
-- ,
-.
,
-,
.
.
,
,
-.
- ё
,
. —
-Arctech Helsinki Shipyard,
STX.
-, ,
,
« »,
.
.
,
.
,
,
-. , ,
, -
-.
- ,
.
. ,
- ,
-,
.
91
, .
-, ( )
2007 .
2020 . .
.
-.
,
,
, —
-. , ,
.
,
- ,
-, ,
,
-.
,
,
.
( ,
, — ),
,
-Arctech Helsinki Shipyard. ,
, ,
,
.
-,
-.
.
, ,
-.
,
Э ,
-.
-,
.
-.
( ,
. .)
.
,
-,
-.
-,
-.
-.
-,
-,
- , ,
,
-.
--
-, -
-,
-.
-
-,
- -
-- ,
,
- -
-
-.
-,
.
,
-.
,
—
(
). -,
,
-,
-- .
—
.
-.
.
-, , ,
-.
.
:
, ,
.
-. ,
-
-, ,
-.
, .
-,
—
-, ,
-, . ,
-,
-: ,
« »
,
,
-.
,
-.
,
- ,
, .
-, ,
,
,
,
.
-,
.
,
,
-.
. :
-,
95
,
-.
-, ,
-, ,
-.
,
-.
-,
-- - .
-. ,
,
-, .
: ,
.
-;
—
. ,
-.
,
, ,
-.
-.
.
,
,
, ,
,
, .
,
-( , ,
-),
-,
-.
-, .
-,
,
-.
,
.
-, INTERREG IV
2007—2013 ,
.
SMARTCOMP.
1. Andrésen A., Junnelius J., Laaksonen E., Mäkinen H. The Finnish maritime cluster, Maritime companies and their business networks in the Central Baltic region // SmartComp Research Report. 2013. №2.
2. Andrésen A., Laaksonen, E., Mäkinen H. The Finnish maritime cluster, Mari-time cluster analysis on the Central Baltic region // SmartComp Research Report. 2012. №1.
3. Bank of Finland. Russia wants to quintuple its shipbuilding output by 2030 // BOFIT Weekly. 2012. №46.
4. Bathelt H., Malmberg A., Maskell P. Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation // Progress in Human Geog-raphy. 2004. Vol. 28, №1. P. 31—56.
5. Chiaroni D., Chiesa V. Forms of creation of industrial clusters in biotechno-logy // Technovation. 2006. №26. P. 1064—1076.
6. Doing Business in St. Petersburg // Shipbuilding cluster, 2011. URL: http:// www.doingbusiness.ru/shipbuilding/clusters-business-sectors/shipbuilding-cluster/item
( : 31.05.2013).
7. An exhaustive analysis of employment trends in all sectors related to sea or using sea resources: Country report — Estonia, C3135, ECOTEC Research & Consul-ting and El Konsult 2006 URL: http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/documentation/ studies/documents/estonia_employment_trends_en.pdf ( : 31.05.2013).
8. Filippov P., Yurkovsky V. Essay on internationalization potential of North-west Russian and Finnish energy clusters // ETLA Discussion Papers / The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA). 2007. №1078.
97 10. Laaksonen E., Mäkinen H. The Competitiveness of the Maritime Clusters in the Baltic Sea Region: Key Challenges from the Finnish Perspective // Journal of East-West Business. 2013. Vol. 19, №1—2. P. 91—104.
11. Abrupt structural change areas and areas supported due to closure of garri-sons // Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2012. URL: http://www.tem. fi/en/regional_development/national_regional_development/abrupt_structural_change
_areas ( : 31.05.2013).
12. Meriteollisuuden kilpailukykytyöryhmä aloittaa työnsä [Working group for the competitiveness of the maritime industry starts it work] // Ministry of Employ-ment and the Economy, 2013. URL: https://www.tem.fi/?89508_m=109200&s
=2468 ( : 31.05.2013).
13. Suomen offshore-toimiala 2012 [The Finnish Offshore Industry 2012], Priz-ztech Oy, 2012. URL: http://www.prizz.fi/asiakaskuvat/Meri/Finnish%20offshore% 20industry%202012.pdf ( : 31.05.2013).
14. Padmore T., Gibson H. Modelling systems of innovation: II. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions // Research Policy. 1998. №26. P. 625—541.
15. Portsmuth R., Hunt T., Terk E. et al. Estonian maritime cluster // Procee-dings of Estonian Maritime Academy. 2011. №13.
16. Meeting with Sovcomflot CEO Sergei Frank // the Official website of the President of Russia, 2013. URL: http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/5820 ( : 21.08.2013).
17. 60 years after the war reparations // Prime Minister’s Office, 2012. URL: http://vnk.fi/tiedostot/julkinen/pdf/2012/Sotakorvaus_EN.pdf ( : 31.05.2013).
18. Purju A., Branten E. The Estonian maritime cluster // Maritime cluster ana-lysis on the Central Baltic region, SmartComp Research Report. 2012. №1.
19. Rickevičius G. Maritime industries cluster report, 2011. URL: http://www. balticsupply.eu/Portals/21/BalticSupply_Output_3_1_1_MARITIME_Final.pdf (
-: 31.05.2013).
20. Vorotnikov V. Russia approves shipbuilding program // Baird Maritime. 2012. October 9. URL: http://www.bairdmaritime.com/index.php?option=com_content &view=article&id=13485:russia-approves-shipbuilding-program&catid=113:ports-and-shipping&Itemid=208 ( : 31.05.2013).
, , ,
-, , ,
.
E-mail: eini.laaksonen@utu.fi
, , ,
-, , ,
-.
THE POTENTIAL FOR EXPANDING INTER-CLUSTER COOPERATION BETWEEN THE SHIP-BUILDING INDUSTRIES OF ESTONIA, FINLAND,
AND NORTH-WEST RUSSIA
E. Laaksonen* H. Mäkinen*
*
University of Turku
Turun Yliopisto, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
Received on May 31, 2013
The shipbuilding industry clusters in the Eastern Baltic Sea region, i.e. Estonia, Finland and North-West Russia, may benefit significantly from increased mutual cooperation; however, the international networks between the clusters are still poorly developed. The aim of this article is to analyse the preconditions for cluster internationalization between these clusters, which are rather different but comple-mentary in terms of skills. The research material for this desk study was collected from various sources, including journal articles, media, research reports, and other publications. The results of the study indicate that the increasing cooperation within the triangle of these clusters has a significant potential in terms of combining diffe-rent areas of expertise and creating a multidimensional maritime industry hub in the region. However, differences in the cluster structure and development stages lead to certain difficulties in achieving these objectives. In conclusion, the authors identify the factors both facilitating and inhibiting networking between the three clusters. This study provides a platform for further research focusing on the factors identified and gives ideas for public discussion on increased inter-cluster cooperation.
Key words: Estonia, Finland, North-West Russia, maritime industry, shipbuil-ding, cluster, internationalisation, international cooperation
References
1. Andrésen, A., Junnelius, J., Laaksonen, E., Mäkinen, H. 2013, The Finnish maritime cluster, Maritime companies and their business networks in the Central Baltic region, SmartComp Research Report, no. 2.
2. Andrésen, A., Laaksonen, E., Mäkinen, H. 2012, The Finnish maritime clus-ter, Maritime cluster analysis on the Central Baltic region, SmartComp Research Report, no. 1, December 2012.
3. Bank of Finland 2012. Russia wants to quintuple its shipbuilding output by 2030, 2012, BOFIT Weekly, no. 46, November 16.
4. Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., Maskell, P. 2004, Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 28, no. 1, p. 31—56.
5. Chiaroni, D. Chiesa, V. 2006, Forms of creation of industrial clusters in bio-technology, Technovation, no. 26, p. 1064—1076.
6. Doing Business in St. Petersburg 2011, Shipbuilding cluster, 2011, available at: http://www.doingbusiness.ru/shipbuilding/clusters-business-sectors/shipbuilding-cluster/item (accessed 31 May 2013).
8. Filippov, P. Yurkovsky, V. 2007, Essay on internationalization potential of Northwest Russian and Finnish energy clusters, ETLA Discussion Papers, The Re-search Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA), no. 1078.
9. Ketels, C. 2012, The impact of clusters and networks of firms on EU competi-tiveness, Final Report: Firm networks (May 2012), Studies in the Area of Competi-tiveness, WIFO, Specific Contract No 605748.
10. Laaksonen, E. Mäkinen, H. 2013, The Competitiveness of the Maritime Clusters in the Baltic Sea Region: Key Challenges from the Finnish Perspective, Journal of East-West Business, Vol. 19, no. 1—2, p. 91—104.
11. Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2012, Abrupt structural change areas and areas supported due to closure of garrisons, available at: http://www.tem.fi/ en/regional_development/national_regional_development/abrupt_structural_change _areas (accessed 31 May 2013).
12. Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2013, Meriteollisuuden kilpailu-kykytyöryhmä aloittaa työnsä [Working group for the competitiveness of the mari-time industry starts it work], available at: https://www.tem.fi/?89508_m=109200&s =2468 (accessed 31 May 2013).
13. NAG Partners, 2012, Suomen offshore-toimiala 2012 [The Finnish Offshore Industry 2012], Prizztech Oy, available at: http://www.prizz.fi/asiakaskuvat/Meri/ Finnish%20offshore%20industry%202012.pdf (accessed 31 May 2013).
14. Padmore, T. Gibson, H. 1998, Modelling systems of innovation: II. A frame-work for industrial cluster analysis in regions, Research Policy, no. 26, p. 625—541. 15. Portsmuth, R., Hunt, T., Terk, E., Nommela, K., Hartikainen, A. 2011, Esto-nian maritime cluster, Proceedings of EstoEsto-nian Maritime Academy, no. 13, Eesti Mereakadeemia.
16. President of Russia, 2013, Meeting with Sovcomflot CEO Sergei Frank, 2013, the Official website of the President of Russia, available at: http://eng.kremlin. ru/news/5820 (accessed 21 August 2013).
17. Prime Minister’s Office, 2012, 60 years after the war reparations, available at: http://vnk.fi/tiedostot/julkinen/pdf/2012/Sotakorvaus_EN.pdf (accessed 31 May 2013).
18. Purju, A. Branten, E. 2012, The Estonian maritime cluster, Maritime cluster analysis on the Central Baltic region, SmartComp Research Report, no. 1, Decem-ber 2012.
19. Rickevičius, G. 2011, Maritime industries cluster report, available at: http://www.balticsupply.eu/Portals/21/BalticSupply_Output_3_1_1_MARITIME_Fi nal.pdf (accessed 31 May 2013).
20. Vorotnikov, V. 2012, Russia approves shipbuilding program, Baird Mari-time, October 9, 2012, available at: http://www.bairdmaritime.com/index.php?option =com_content&view=article&id=13485:russia-approves-shipbuilding-program&catid =113:ports-and-shipping&Itemid=208 (accessed 31 May 2013).
About the authors
Eini Laaksonen, MSc Economics, Project Researcher, Pan-European Institute, Turku School of Economics at the University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
E-mail: eini.laaksonen@utu.fi
Hanna Mäkinen, MA, Project Researcher, Pan-European Institute, Turku School of Economics at the University of Turku, Turku, Finland.