ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ
ɍȾɄ
ȼ.ȱ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ,
Ʌ.ȼ. Ɋɢɡɚ,
Ʌ.ɉ. Ʉɨɡɚɤ,
Ʌ.Ɇ. Ʉɿɰɭɥɚ
Ⱦ
Ⱦ
ɂ
ɂ
ɇ
ɇ
Ⱥ
Ⱥ
Ɇ
Ɇ
ȱ
ȱ
Ʉ
Ʉ
Ⱥ
Ⱥ
Ɏ
Ɏ
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ȱ
Ɂ
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ɂ
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ɑ
ɑ
ɇ
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Ɉ
Ɉ
Ƚ
Ƚ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ɋ
Ɋ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ɂ
Ɂ
ȼ
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ɂ
ɂ
Ɍ
Ɍ
Ʉ
Ʉ
ɍ
ɍ
Ɇ
Ɇ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ʌ
Ʌ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ⱦ
Ⱦ
ɒ
ɒ
ɂ
ɂ
ɏ
ɏ
ɒ
ɒ
Ʉ
Ʉ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ʌ
Ʌ
ə
ə
Ɋ
Ɋ
ȱ
ȱ
ȼ
ȼ
ɦ
ɦ
Ʌ
Ʌ
ɖ
ɖ
ȼ
ȼ
Ɉ
Ɉ
ȼ
ȼ
Ⱥ
Ⱥ
Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɚ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɢ ɡ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɽɸ
(ɡɚɜ. – ɞ. ɦɟɞ. ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ȼ.ȱ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ) ɜɭɥ. ɉɟɤɚɪɫɶɤɚ, 69, Ʌɶɜɿɜ, 79010, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Department of general hygiene and ecology Pekarska Str., 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected]
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ, ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ, ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ, 7-ɪɿɱɧɿ ɬɚ 9-ɪɿɱɧɿ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿ
.H\ZRUGVphysical development, the dynamics of anthropometric indices, 7-year-old and 9-year-old schoolchildren
Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɅɶɜɨɜɚ Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ȼɂ ɊɢɡɚɅȼ ɄɨɡɚɤɅɉɄɢɰɭɥɚɅɆɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ 7- ɢ 9-ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝ. Ʌɶɜɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ 7 ɢ 9 ɥɟɬ ɝ. Ʌɶɜɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ 1969 – 1971 ɝɝ., 1996 ɝ. ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ 2014 – 2015 ɝɝ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ t-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɢɬɟɦɩɵɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ (%) ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 9 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɨɣ Ⱥ.Ƚ. (2012). Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɥɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ 2014 – 2015 ɝɝ. ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ 2013 ɝ. ȼɵɹɜ-ɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ 1969 ɝ. ɩɨ 2015 ɝ. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫɚɦɢɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ. ɑɟɬɤɚɹɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɪɨɫɬɚɢɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 9 ɥɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 19 ɥɟɬ. Ɉɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɰɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɉɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɂɆɌ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ 7-ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ, 9-ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɨɜ (1996 ɝ.) – ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ – ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɭ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɥɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ 2014 – 2015 ɝɝ. ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ «Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ» (2013 ɝ.).
$EVWUDFW'\QDPLFVRISK\VLFDOGHYHORSPHQWRI\RXQJVFKRROFKLOGUHQLQ/YLY)HGRUHQNR9,5\]D/9.R]DN /3 ɄLWVXOD /0 Objective: to evaluate features of dynamics of physical development of 7- and 9-year-old schoolchildren in Lviv by anthropometric indices. The basis for the analysis of dynamics of physical development of 7- and 9-year-old schoolchildren in Lviv were the results of anthropometric measurements made in 1969 – 1971, 1996, and our own research, conducted in 2014 – 2015. Statistical analysis was performed by the method of least squares with determining the reliability of the results by Student’s t-test. The absolute growth and growth rate (%) of anthropometric indices of 7- and 9-year-old schoolchildren and group body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated by Platonova A.G. method (2012). Anthropometric indices of Lviv schoolchildren over 2014-2015 were compared with the hygienic standards of 2013. It was revealed that the dynamics of physical development of Lviv schoolchildren from 1969 to 2015 is characterized by acceleration processes that occurred irregularly. A clear regularity of increasing height and weight, as well as intensification of their growth rate in schoolchildren aged from 7- to 9-years was observed for the last 19 years. Chest circumference remained unchanged. It was noted intensification of physical development processes in boys. The obtained results indicate to the processes of asthenization and gracilization in children. According to BMI values physical development of the 7-year-old girls was harmonic, 9-year-old boys (1996) – disharmonic, other groups – disharmonic in some children. Anthropometric indices of Lviv schoolchildren in 2014 - 2015 do not differ from those of «Criteria of evaluation of physical development of schoolchildren» (2013).
Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɎɊ ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀɜ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɹ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɭɦɚ ɿ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɉɨ ɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɎɊ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɞɿʀ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦ ɪɿɡɧɨ ɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɯɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɬɚɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ
ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ >@ ɋɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɎɊ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɢɬɢɧɢ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɰɿɬɚɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɧɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨʀ ɿ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ >@ ɇɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿɏɏɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɩɨɦɿɠɞɿɬɟɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɨɝɨ ɬɚɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɤɭɜɍɤɪɚʀɧɿɜɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɬɪɟɬɶɨʀɞɢɬɢɧɢɨɛɨɯɫɬɚɬɟɜɢɯɝɪɭɩɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣ ɎɊ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɞɟɮɿɰɢɬɭ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɬɚ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶɩɪɨɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢɝɪɚɰɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ >@ Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɣ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɹɤɿɰɟɩɨɜɹɡɭɸɬɶɿɡɩɨɝɿɪɲɟɧɧɹɦɫɬɚɧɭ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦɡɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧ ɧɹɦ ɛɿɥɤɿɜ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ > @Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɢɬɹɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏȱ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɝɪɚɰɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɡ ɰɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɥɢɲɤɨɜɚɦɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɣɨɠɢɪɿɧɧɹɜɞɿɬɟɣɭɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɝɿɩɨɞɢɧɚɦɿʀ > @ Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɭ ɤɢʀɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɿɞ ɥɿɬɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɝɪɚɰɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɳɨ ɫɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨɧɢɠɱɨɸɦɚɫɨɸɬɿɥɚɧɚ ɮɨɧɿɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨɡɪɨɫɬɭɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦɩɨɦɿɠɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ Ɍɨɞɿ ɠ ɭ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɚɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɎɊ ɡ ɩɨɪɭ ɲɟɧɧɹɦɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɨɫɬɿɪɭɯɨɜɢɯɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ>@
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɪɨɡ ɜɢɬɤɨɦɿɫɬɚɧɨɦɡɞɨɪɨɜ¶ɹɞɿɬɟɣɿɩɿɞɥɿɬɤɿɜɤɨɬɪɿ ɦɟɲɤɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɿ ɬɢɯ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɿɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɢ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚȺȽ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɭɨɰɿɧɤɭɩɪɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɜɨɱɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɎɊ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɪɨɤɿɜ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɚ ȼɿɧɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɦ Ʉɢɽɜɚ ɡɚ ɩɿɜɫɬɨɥɿɬɧɿɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ >@ ɉɨɥɶɤɚɇɋ ɿ ɫɩɿɜɚɜɬ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɢɥɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɦɭɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɞɿɬɟɣɪɨɤɿɜɦɄɢɽɜɚɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɪ >@ ȾɚɧɢɥɟɧɤɨȽɆ ɿ ɫɩɿɜɚɜɬɜɢɜɱɚɥɢɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭɎɊɞɿɬɟɣɿɩɿɞ
ɥɿɬɤɿɜɪɨɤɿɜɦɏɚɪɤɨɜɚɜɿɞɪɞɨɪ >@Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨȼȱɿɫɩɿɜɚɜɬɩɪɨɫɬɟɠɢɥɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ ɡɦɿɧ ɡɚ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɦ Ʌɶɜɨɜɚ ɬɚ Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ>@
Ɇɟɬɨɸ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɰɿɧɢɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɢ ɧɚɦɿɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨ ɥɹɪɿɜɦɅɶɜɨɜɚɡɚɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢɡɪɨɫɬɭɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚ ɣɨɛɜɨɞɭɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢ
ɆȺɌȿɊȱȺɅɂɌȺɆȿɌɈȾɂȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɖ
Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɭɨɰɿɧɤɭɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɜɿɞ ɪ ɞɨ ɪ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ± ɜɿɞ ɪ ɞɨ ɪ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɧɿ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɭ ɪɪ>@ɬɚɪ>@ɚɬɚɤɨɠɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɢɜɥɚɫɧɢɯɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶɡɚɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɪɨɤɢɍ ± ɪɪ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜɢɦɿɪɢ ɚɧɬɪɨ ɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɪɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɪɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭɁɪɿɫɬ ɦɚɫɭɬɿɥɚ ɣ ɨɛɜɿɞ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɈȽɄ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢɡɚɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɢɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɿɜɡɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚ Wɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ Ɉɞɧɨ ɱɚɫɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɿɫɬ ɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɢɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢ ɤɿɜɭɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜɜɿɞɞɨɪɨɤɿɜɚɬɚɤɨɠɨɰɿɧɸɜɚ ɥɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɜɿ ɤɨɜɨɫɬɚɬɟɜɨʀɝɪɭɩɢɡɚɿɧɞɟɤɫɨɦɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚȱɆɌ >@ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɿɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯɲɤɨ ɥɹɪɿɜ ɡɚ ɪɪ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢ ɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ©Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɞɿɬɟɣɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɤɭªɪ>@
ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɂɌȺȲɏɈȻȽɈȼɈɊȿɇɇə
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨ ɥɹɪɿɜ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɹɯ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 1
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɡɪɨɫɬɭɪɿɱɧɢɯɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ0Pɫɦ
±ɪɪ ɪ ±ɪɪ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɢɪȽɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɿ
Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ Ŷ Ÿ
ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɿ ɬ ɤ ɢ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɪɿɧɢɠɱɟɪɿɪɪŶ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪɪɿ
ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 2
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɦɚɫɢɪɿɱɧɢɯɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ0Pɤɝ
±ɪɪ ɪ ±ɪɪ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɢɪȽɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɿ
Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ Ŷ Ÿ
ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɿ ɬ ɤ ɢ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɪɿɧɢɠɱɟɪɿɪɪŶ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪɪɿ
ɪɪŸ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪ
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɞɨ ɡɜɨɥɢɜ ɜɢɹɜɢɬɢ ɳɨ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɜɿɞ ɪ ɞɨ ɪ ɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɦɚɫɚ ɬɿɥɚ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɡɦɟɧ ɲɢɥɚɫɹɧɚɤɝɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ±ɧɚɤɝɁɪɿɫɬɬɚ ɈȽɄɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɈȽɄɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɡɚɰɟɣɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɜɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɨɦɭ ɠ ɫɚɦɨɦɭɪɿɜɧɿɚɡɪɿɫɬɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɦɚɜɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɸ ɞɨɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɜɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭɧɚɫɦɉɟɪɿɨɞɜɿɞ ɪɞɨɪɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɜɫɹɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɧɢɦɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨɡɪɨɫɬɭɿɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɨɛɨɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ Ɂɚ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɿɠɨɤ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ ɩɿɞɪɨɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɦɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɦɚɣɠɟɧɚɫɦɦɚɫɚɬɿɥɚ ɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɡɧɨɜɭɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɥɚɫɹɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɹɤɢɣɛɭɜɭ ɪ ɚ ɫɚɦɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɬɨɞɿ ɠ ɿ
ɦɚɫɚ ɬɿɥɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɍ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɧɚ ɮɨɧɿɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɡɪɨɫɬɭɿɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɢɜɫɹ ɈȽɄ Ɉɬɠɟ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɪɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɥɢ ɡɦɿɧ ɿ ɦɚɥɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɐɟ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɲɟ ɜ ɚɛɫɨ ɥɸɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɜ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɿ ɯɥɨɩ ɱɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɦ ɬɚ ɫɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɧɚɤɝɩɨɞɪɭɝɟɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɦɚɥɢ ɧɟɥɿɧɿɣɧɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɡɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɤɪɢɜɨɸ ɡɿ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɜ ɪɜɨɛɨɯɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɜɿɤɨɜɢɯɝɪɭɩɚɯɩɪɢɰɶɨɦɭ ɡɪɿɫɬ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨ ɚ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɩɨɱɚɥɢɩɿɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɥɢɲɟɜɿɞɪɩɨ ɬɪɟɬɽ ɰɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɿ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɨʀ ɈȽɄɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɿɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹʀʀɜɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 3
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɨɛɜɨɞɭɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɪɿɱɧɢɯɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ0Pɫɦ
±ɪɪ ɪ ±ɪɪ Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɿɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɢɪ
Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ Ƒ Ÿ
ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɿ ɬ ɤ ɢ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɪɿɧɢɠɱɟɪɿɪɪƑ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪɪɪɿ
ɪɪŸ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪ
ɉɪɢɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɪɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɳɨ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɜɿɞ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɭ ɯɥɨɩ ɱɢɤɿɜ ɛɭɜ ɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɧɿɠ ɭ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɐɹ ɡɚɤɨ ɧɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɞɨ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɋɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɭɜɚɠɢɬɢ ɳɨ ɰɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɪ ɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɍ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɫɬɪɨɤɢɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɲɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɭɫɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɧɿɠ ɭ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɨɬɪɢ ɦɚɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶɧɚɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɿɡɦɿɧɢɜʀɯɧɶɨɦɭ
ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɹɤɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜ ɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀ
ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɰɿ ɡɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɞɧɿɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɈȽɄ ɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɢɫɹ ɭ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɿɞɦɿɱɟɧɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɹ ɞɨ ɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɈȽɄ ɧɚ ɫɦ ɍ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɹɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɿ ɪɨɤɭ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨʀ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ ɦɿɠ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɯɨɱɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɹ ɞɨ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɚ
ɜɨɧɢɜɢɳɿ ɧɿɠɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɧɚɫɦɍɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɜɠɟ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɡɪɨɫɬɨɦɿɈȽɄɁɪɿɫɬɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɬɚɨɛɜɿɞʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ ɡɪɿɫɬ ɬɚ ɨɛɜɿɞɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɡɚɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨʀɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚɈɬɠɟɭɰɿɥɨɦɭɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɡɦɿɧɡɪɨɫɬɭɿɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɪ ɞɨ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶɩɪɨɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀɬɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɸɞɨɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɝɨɞɢɦɨɪɮɿɡɦɭ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 4
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɪɿɱɧɢɯɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ0P
ɪ ±ɪɪ Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɿɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɢɪ
Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ
Ɂɪɿɫɬɫɦ
Ɇɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɤɝ
Ɉɛɜɿɞɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɫɦ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ
Ɂɪɿɫɬɫɦ Ÿ
Ɇɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɤɝ
Ɉɛɜɿɞɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɫɦ Ÿ
ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɿ ɬ ɤ ɚ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɪɿɜɢɳɟɪɿɪɪŸ±ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ±ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɪɪ
ȱɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬ ɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɿɫɬ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ ɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜɜɿɞɞɨɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɛɥ ɍɪɬɟɦɩɢɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɡɪɨɫɬɭɬɚɨɛɜɨɞɭɝɪɭɞ ɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɦɬɟɦɩɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚ ɜɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɛɭɜɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɲɢɣɧɿɠɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɬɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɉɪɢɨɛɫɬɟ
ɠɟɧɧɿɞɿɬɟɣɭɪɪɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɿ ɤɚɰɿɸ ɬɟɦɩɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɟ ɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɜɢɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɿɫɬ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɟ ɜɿɧ ɛɭɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɤɨɜɢɣɞɥɹɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɿɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ Ɂɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢɜɢɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɥɢɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 5
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɬɚɬɟɦɩɿɜɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɦɅɶɜɨɜɚɜɿɞɞɨɪɨɤɿɜ
ɉɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ
Ɋɨɤɢ ɋɬɚɬɶ
ɡɪɿɫɬɫɦ ɦɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɝ ɈȽɄɫɦ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ
ɪ
Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɤɚ
ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ
ɪɪ
ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ ɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɰɿ ɡɚ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɿɜ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɭ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɧɚɬɚɜɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɧɚ Ɍɟɦɩɢɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɨɛɜɨɞɭɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɧɟɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹɦɿɠɫɨɛɨɸ ɬɚ ɧɟ ɡɦɿɧɢɥɢɫɹ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɪɪ ɚɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɸ ɞɨ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ȼɢɹɜɥɟɧɿɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɯɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜɦɅɶɜɨ ɜɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɡɛɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɪɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɯ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɹɯɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɨʀȺȽɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɳɨɡɚɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ ɩɿɜɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɡɪɿɫɬɿɦɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɦɿɫɶɤɢɯɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɈȽɄ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɭɱɚɫɧɿɯɥɨɩɰɿɣɞɿɜɱɚɬɚɡɧɚɱɧɨɜɢɳɿɧɿɠ ʀɯɧɿ ɨɞɧɨɥɿɬɤɢ ɩɿɜɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɚ ɳɨɪɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɢ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɜɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɬɨɝɨɱɚɫɧɿ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ Ⱦɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɠ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜ ɧɿɲɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɳɨɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɿɜ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɿɠ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɢ ɈȽɄ ɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ©ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɧɧɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜɜɢɬɹɝɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɫɬɟɧɿɡɚɰɿʀɿ ɝɪɚɰɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɨɞɧɨ ɥɿɬɤɚɦɢ ɭ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿª >@ Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧ ɧɹɦɢɉɨɥɶɤɢɇɋɬɚɫɩɿɜɚɜɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɧɚɹɜ ɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɞɢɫɨɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɦɿɠ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨɡ ɞɨɜɠɧɿɯ ɬɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɞɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭɦɄɢɽɜɚɡɚɩɟɪɿɨɞɡɞɨɪɪɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɚɫɬɟɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɦɭ
ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ >@ Ⱦɚɧɢ ɥɟɧɤɨȽɆ ɿ ɫɩɿɜɚɜɬ >@ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɜɚɥɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɞɿɬɟɣɦɏɚɪɤɨɜɚɜɿɞɪ ɞɨɪɿɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɹɜɢɥɢɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɚɤɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɞɿɬɟɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɸɦɿɪɨɸɭɯɥɨɩɰɿɜɉɨɪɹɞ ɡ ɰɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɭɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɜ ɪȱɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɲɢɣɩɪɢɪɿɫɬɡɪɨɫɬɭɿɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɿɞ ɞɨ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɫɩɨ ɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɜ ɪ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɦɢ ɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ɂɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɮɿ ɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɡ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɿɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɜ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɤɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɿ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɞɟɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɿɡɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɡɚ ɚɧɬɪɨ ɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɿ ɭ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɢɡɦɿɧɜɿɞ± ɪɪ ɞɨ ɪɪ ɭ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɜɿ ɤɨɦɪɨɤɿɜɦɚɫɚɬɿɥɚɡɦɟɧɲɢɥɚɫɹɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɧɚɤɝɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ±ɧɚɤɝɩɪɢɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɚ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɥɚ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɡɿ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɤɭ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɦɚɫɚ ɬɿɥɚ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɿ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ Ɂɚ ɰɟɣ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɨɤ ɱɚɫɭ ɡɪɿɫɬ ɞɿɬɟɣɬɚɤɨɠɡɦɟɧɲɢɜɫɹɜɦɟɠɚɯɫɦɩɟɪɟ ɞɭɫɿɦɭɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜȻɿɥɶɲɚɪɿɡɧɢɰɹɡɚɦɚɫɨɸɬɿɥɚɿ ɡɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɿɬɟɣ Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿɧɿɠɭɦɿɫɶɤɢɯɞɿɬɟɣ
ɋɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɜɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɨɰɿɧɟɧɨʀ ɡɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɸ ȱɆɌ >@ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɡɧɚ ɱɢɬɢɳɨɪɿɱɧɿɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɿɜɪɬɚ ɪɪ ɦɚɥɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɠ ɜɿɤɭ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤɬɚɛɥ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɹ 6
ɁɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɿɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɤɝɦɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜɿɪɨɤɿɜɦɅɶɜɨɜɚ
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ɏɥɨɩɱɢɤɢ
ȼɫɿɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɿɜɪɪɿɱɧɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢɦɚɥɢ ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɟɠɚȱɆɌɛɭɥɚ ɦɟɧɲɨɸ ɧɿɠ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɿ ɥɢɲɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɛɭɥɢ ɡ ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣ ɧɢɦɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɦɁɚɪɨɤɿɜɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɜɟɥɢ ɱɢɧɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ȱɆɌ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɦɟɠ Ɇį ɡɪɨɫɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɚɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɌɢɦɱɚɫɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɧɢɠɧɶɨʀɦɟɠɿȱɆɌ ɭɞɿɬɟɣɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɢɯɭɪɪɬɚɤɨɠɫɜɿɞ ɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ Ⱦɨɞɚɦɨ ɳɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹȱɆɌɿɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɧɢɠɧɿɬɚɜɟɪɯɧɿɦɟɠɿ ɞɥɹ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɽ ɞɟɳɨ ɜɢɳɿ ɧɿɠ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɜɿɤɨɜɢɯ ɝɪɭɩ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ȱɆɌɧɢɠɱɿɧɿɠɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɿɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ
Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɿ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɛɫɬɟɠɟɧɿɭɪɪɡɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɦɢɧɨɪɦɚ ɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɪ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɠ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɳɨɡɚɡɪɨɫɬɨɦɦɚɫɨɸɬɿɥɚɣɈȽɄɧɟɿɫɧɭɽɜɿɪɨ ɝɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɂɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɧ ɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɞɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɣ ɈȽɄ ɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɚɬɚɤɨɠɞɨɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹɭɫɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɿ ɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɭɪɿɱɧɢɯɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɧɚɮɨɧɿɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɞɨɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹʀɯɧɶɨɝɨɡɪɨɫɬɭɧɚɫɦɌɟɦɩɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤɜɿɞɞɨɪɨɤɿɜɛɭɥɢɧɢɠɱɿ ɧɿɠ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɿɜ ɿ ɫɬɚɧɨ ɜɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɨɸ ɬɿɥɚ ɡɚ ɈȽɄɩɪɨɬɢɬɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɿɜ Ɍɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ Ɍɢɦ ɱɚɫɨɦɬɟɦɩɢɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭɡɪɨɫɬɭɣɈȽɄɭɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɡɚɡɪɨɫɬɨɦɬɚɡɚɈȽɄ ɳɨ ɞɟɤɨɬɪɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɝɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɿɜ ɿɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ
ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɿɱɧɢɯɿɪɿɱɧɢɯɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜɡɚɱɚɫɜɿɞɪɞɨ ɪ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ ɚɤ ɰɟɥɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɪɨɳɨɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɟɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɧ ɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɧɟɪɿɜɧɨ ɦɿɪɧɨɑɿɬɤɚɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɡɪɨɫɬɭɿ ɦɚɫɢɬɿɥɚɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿɥɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɿɪɿɱɧɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢɜɢɳɿɧɚ ɫɦɿɦɚɸɬɶɛɿɥɶɲɭɦɚɫɭɬɿɥɚɧɚɤɝɚɞɿɜ
ɱɚɬɤɚɜɢɳɿɧɚɫɦɧɿɠʀɯɧɿɨɞɧɨɥɿɬɤɢɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɦɭɪɿɱɧɿɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɢɿɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɜɢɳɿɧɚɫɦ ɬɚɫɦɿɦɚɸɬɶɛɿɥɶɲɭɦɚɫɭɬɿɥɚɧɚɤɝɿɤɝ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɧɿɠʀɯɧɿɨɞɧɨɥɿɬɤɢɪɨɤɿɜɬɨɦɭ
Ɂɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɜ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɟɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɜɨɞɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɚɫɬɟɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɿ ɝɪɚɰɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɦɭɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ
Ɂ ɪ ɞɨ ɪ ɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɨɛɜɿɞɝɪɭɞɧɨʀɤɥɿɬɤɢɛɭɜɛɿɥɶɲɢɣɧɿɠɭɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ Ɇɚɫɚ ɬɿɥɚ ɿ ɡɪɿɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟ ɠɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɧɚɞɚɥɿ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜ ɧɿɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɰɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢ ɧɚɛɭɥɢ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜȼɿɪɨɝɿɞɧɨʀɪɿɡɧɢɰɿɡɚɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɿɠ ɪɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɤɚɦɢɪɨɤɿɜɬɨɦɭɧɟɛɭɥɨɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨɁɪɿɫɬ ɿ ɈȽɄ ɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɧɿɠ ɭ ɞɿɜ ɱɚɬɨɤ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɳɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɲɜɢɞɲɟɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɬɚɬɟɜɨɝɨɞɢɦɨɪɮɿɡɦɭ
ɍ ɪ ɬɟɦɩ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɭ ɞɿɜ ɱɚɬɨɤ ɡɚ ɪɨɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɞɨ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɛɭɜ ɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɧɿɠ ɭ ɯɥɨɩɱɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɿ ɨɛɜɨɞɨɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɿɬɤɢ ± ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɣ ɍ ɪɪ ɬɟɦɩɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ ɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɡɪɨɫɥɢ ȱɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɬɟɦɩɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɬɿɥɚ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡ ɜɢɬɤɭɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯɞɿɬɟɣ
Ɂɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ȱɆɌ ɭ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɜɱɚɬɨɤ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɪɪ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣ ɧɢɣ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɥɨɩ ɱɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɪ ± ɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯɝɪɭɩɚɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɞɿɬɟɣɦɚɥɚɞɢɫɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɣɧɢɣ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɣɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ
ɉɊɈɎȱɅȺɄɌɂɑɇȺ
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ
ɋ
ɋ
ɉ
ɉ
ɂ
ɂ
ɋ
ɋ
Ɉ
Ɉ
Ʉ
Ʉ
Ʌ
Ʌ
ȱ
ȱ
Ɍ
Ɍ
ȿ
ȿ
Ɋ
Ɋ
Ⱥ
Ⱥ
Ɍ
Ɍ
ɍ
ɍ
Ɋ
Ɋ
ɂ
ɂ
Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ ©Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱ ɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɞɿɬɟɣɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɤɭªɇɚɤɚɡɆɈɁɍɤ ɪɚʀɧɢʋɜɿɞɪ
Ⱦɚɧɢɥɟɧɤɨ ȽɆ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜɦɿɫɬɚɏɚɪɤɨɜɚȽɆȾɚɧɢɥɟɧɤɨɈȺȻɟɫɽ ɞɿɧɚ ɋȺ ɉɚɲɤɟɜɢɱ ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ɏɚɪɤɿɜ ɧɚɰ ɭɧɬɭ ± ±ʋ±ɋ
ȯɠɨɜɚɈɈ ɉɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɿ ɬɟɣɞɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɤɭɦɋɭɦɢɈɈȯɠɨɜɚɅɆȻɚ ɫɚɧɟɰɶ Ɉȱ ȱɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱦɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɿ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ¶ɹ ± ± ʋ±ɋ
ȱɜɚɳɭɤ Ɉȼ Ɇɨɪɮɨɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɡɚɯɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɬɟɣ Ɂɚɩɨ ɪɿɡɶɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɿɨɧɭɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɈȼȱɜɚɳɭɤɍɤɪɦɨɪɮɨɥ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ±±Ɍʋ±ɋ
Ʉɚɩɪɚɧɨɜɋȼ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɬɦɨ ɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɋȼɄɚɩɪɚɧɨɜ Ⱦɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ ɬɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ¶ɹ±±ʋ±ɫ
ɄɭɱɦɚȼɊɎɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɯɢ ɤɢɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ȼɊɄɭɱɦɚ ɇȺɋɤɨɛɥɢɧɚ ȺȽɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚȽɢɝɢɟɧɚɢɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹʋ ɋ
ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚȺȽɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɢ ɤɢɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɝ ȺȽ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɢ ɬɚɪɢɹ±±ʋ±ɋ
ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚȺȽɆɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɨɰɟɧɤɢɮɢ ɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ Ʉɟɬɥɟ ȺȽɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɶ ɡɛ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɚɰɶ±Ʉɢʀɜ±ȼɢɩ±ɋ
ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚȺȽɉɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɨɱɚɫɨɜɿɬɚɦɨɪɮɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɡɚɪɨɤɿɜɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹɧɚɭɤ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɞɪɚ ɦɟɞ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɩɟɰ ©Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɚ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɿɹª ȺȽ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ ± Ʉɢʀɜ ±ɫ
ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɭ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɿɫɶ ɤɢɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɇɋ ɉɨɥɶɤɚ ɋɆ Ⱦɠɭɪɿɧɫɶɤɚ ɇə əɰ ɤɨɜɫɶɤɚ >ɬɚ ɿɧ@ Ƚɿɝɿɽɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɶ ɡɛ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɚɰɶ±Ʉɢʀɜ±ȼɢɩ±ɋ
Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ȼȱ ɋɬɚɧ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɤɭɦɅɶɜɨɜɚɬɚɅɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɨʀɨɛɥɚɫɬɿɞɢ ɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɡɦɿɧ ɡɚ ɪɨɤɿɜ ȼȱ Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ȻɆɒɬɚ ɛɫɶɤɢɣɅɆɄɿɰɭɥɚ±>ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿʀɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧ ɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɦɿɰɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ¶ɹ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɩɿɞɥɿɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢȼɫɟɭɤɪɧɚɭɤɩɪɚɤɬɤɨɧɮ±ȼɿɧɧɢɰɹ ɠɨɜɬɧɹ @ ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ȼɿɧɧɢɰ ɞɟɪɠ ɦɟɞ ɭɧɬɭ ± ±ʋ±ɋ
Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨȼȱ Ɍɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɮɿ ɡɢɱɧɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜȼȱɎɟɞɨɪɟɧɤɨɅɆɄɿ ɰɭɥɚȾɨɜɤɿɥɥɹɬɚɡɞɨɪɨɜ¶ɹ±±ʋ±ɋ Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɬ ɫɤɢɟ ɫɚɞɵ ɝ Ʌɶɜɨɜɚ Ⱥɏɀɢɝɚɥɢɧɚ Ɉɇɋɧɢɝɭɪ Ⱥɋȼɚɫɢɥɟɧɤɨ >ɢ ɞɪ@ Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɋɋɊ ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ± ȼɵɩ ɱ ± ɋ±
Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ ɍɤ ɪɚʀɧɢȼɢɩɆɿɫɶɤɿɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɡɚɪɟɞȱȻȻɚɪɢɥɹɤɚɿ ɇɋɉɨɥɶɤɢ±Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɍɤɪɦɟɞɤɧɢɝɚ±ɫ
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