Radiolytic synthesis and characterization of PVA/Au nanocomposites: The influence of pH values

(1)

! "#$ % & >'(@

) "* )

" >+@

# , - ) . * ,

>/0@

# , " ) )

&,²

>012@ 3 , 4 )

·

J ! " # $%& ! ' ! ( ) * +,* - ./

!" ##$

% & % '( ) * + , -. % // //##/ 0"(

1& ("!2 (& 3!" ##$ .& , 4 ##5

(2)

! "#$ $X PLQ SURL]YRG MH $OID $HVDUD D SROLYLQLO DONR KRO 39$ PROHNXOVNH PDVH JPRO L VWHSHQD KLGUROL]H L ²SURSDQRO VX SURL]YRGL 0HUFND =D SULSUHPX UDVWYRUD NRULåþHQD MH YRGD SUH LåþHQD 0LOOL SRUH 0LOOL²4 VLVWHPRP D NLVHRQLN L] UDVWYRUD MH XNOD QMDQ DUJRQRP YLVRNRJ VWHSHQD LVWRþH S+ YUHGQRVWL UDVWYRUD VX SRGHåDYDQH GRGDYDQMHP 1D2+

3ROLYLQLO DONRKRO MH X SRWSXQRVWL UDVWYRUHQ QD SRYLåHQRM WHPSHUDWXUL R_{& 2GUHHQH NROL LQH} UDVWYRUD 39$ +$X&O L ²SURSDQROD VX SRPHåDQH WH VX X GRELMHQRM VPHåL UDVWYRUD NRQFHQWUDFLMH 39$ L ²SURSDQROD ELOH PDV L PROGP_UHVSHNWLY QR .RQFHQWUDFLMH UDVWYRUD +$X&O PRODUQH X UDV WYRUX L PDVHQH X RGQRVX QD 39$ NDR L XNXSQH DSVRUERYDQH GR]H SRWUHEQH ]D SRWSXQX UHGXNFLMX $X_{MRQD SULND]DQH VX X WDEHOL 5DGL XNODQMDQMD NL} VHRQLND UDVWYRUL VX ]DVLþHQL DUJRQRP X WUDMDQMX RG PLQ D ]DWLP L]ORçHQL GHMVWYX J²]UD HQMD L]YRU _&R EU]LQD GR]H N*\K 8SDUDYDQMHP UDVWYDUD D L] $X NRORLGD GRELMHQL VX 39$$X QDQRNRPSR]LWQL ILOPRYL

,VSLWLYDQMH XWLFDMD S+ YUHGQRVWL UDVWYRUD QD YHOL LQX VLQWHWLVDQLK QDQR HVWLFD ]ODWD UDHQR MH X UDVWYR ULPD X NRPH VX NRQFHQWUDFLMH SRMHGLQLK NRPSRQHQWL ELOH VOHGHþH PDV 39$ PDV +$X&O X RGQRVX QD 39$ ²_PROGP_{X UDVWYRUX L}

PROGP _{²SURSDQROD S+ YUHGQRVWL UDVWYRUD VX GR} GDYDQMHP 1D2+ SRGHåHQH QD L 8NXSQD DSVRUERYDQD GR]D MH L]QRVLOD N*\ L]YRU_{&R EU]L} QD GR]H N*\K D QDQRNRPSR]LWQL ILOPRYL VX GR ELMHQL XSDUDYDQMHP UDVWYDUD D

89²9LV DSVRUSFLRQL VSHNWUL $X NRORLGD L 39$$X QDQRNRPSR]LWD VX VQLPDQL 3HUNLQ²(OPHU /DPEGD VSHNWURIRWRPHWURP )7,5 VSHNWURPHWULMD GRELMHQLK ILOPRYD UDHQD MH QD 1LFROHW VSHNWURIR WRPHWUX VD $75 GRGDWNRP 6WUXNWXUQD DQDOL]D X]RUDND MH LVSLWDQD GLIUDNFLMRP UHQGJHQVNLK ]UDND QD LQVWUXPHQWX 3KLOLSV 3:

-RQL SOHPHQLWLK PHWDOD NDR L PQRJL GUXJL HOHN WURQHJDWLYQL PHWDOL PRJX ELWL UHGXNRYDQL L]ODJDQMHP QMLKRYLK YRGHQLK UDVWYRUD GHMVWYX J²]UD HQMD >²@ .DNR MH UDVWYDUD SULVXWDQ X GDOHNR YHþRM NRQFHQWUD FLML X RGQRVX QD UDVWYRUHQX VXSVWDQFX X QMHPX VH GH SRQXMH DSVRUERYDQD HQHUJLMD SUL HPX QDVWDMX KLGUDWLVDQL HOHNWURQL L SULPDUQL UDGLNDOL MHGQD LQD >@

+2 J o HDT² 2+N +N + + +2 1DVWDOL 2+N _{L +}N _{UDGLNDOL VX RNVLGXMXþH YUVWH} NRMH XNROLNR VX SULVXWQH X UDVWYRUX PRJX GD GRYHGX GR RNVLGDFLMH QDVWDOLK DWRPD ]ODWD NDR L $X MRQD QL çLK YDOHQWQLK VWDQMD 1HçHOMHQL SURFHVL RNVLGDFLMH VH L]EHJDYDMX GRGDYDQMHP VNYHQGçHUD RGQRVQR VXS VWDQFL NRMH LPDMX VSRVREQRVW GD KHPLMVNL UHDJXMX VD QHSRçHOMQLP YUVWDPD L QD WDM QD LQ LK XNORQH L] VLVWH PD LOL LK X LQH QHDNWLYQLP .DR VNHYHQGçHUL VH QDM H åþH XSRWUHEOMDYDMX UD]OL LWL DONRKROL 8 SULVXVWYX DONRKROD 2+N _{L +}N_{UDGLNDOL UHDJXMX VD YRGRQLNRP X} D²SRORçDMX X RGQRVX QD 2+ JUXSX SUL HPX QDVWDMX DONRKROQL ²SURSDQRO UDGLNDOL MHGQD LQH L >@ 2+N_&+

&+2+ o +2 &+&N2+ +N_&+

&+2+ o + &+&N2+ 9LåHVWHSHQL SURFHV UHGXNFLMH MRQD ]ODWD ]DSR L QMH WUDQVIHURP QDHOHNWULVDQMD VD KLGUDWLVDQLK HOHNWUR QD L ²SURSDQRO UDGLNDOD QD $X,,,_&O

²MRQH SUL HPX QDVWDMX $X,,_&O

² MRQL MHGQD LQH L 1DUHGQL SURFHV NRML VH RGLJUDYD NDGD X UHDNFLRQRP VLVWHPX QDVWDQH GRYROMQR $X,,_&O

²MRQD MHVWH QMLKRYR GLVSUR SRUFLRQLUDQMH MHGQD LQD

$X,,,_&O

² HDT²o $X,,&O² $X,,,_&O

²&+&N2+o$X,,&O²&+&2+ $X,,_&O

²o $X,,,&O² $X,&O² &O²

! !

" " #!

!"#$ b !%² %"&' %"$ &"(# b !%² %"' !"# '")( b !%² ! &") !"#$ b !%² &"' *"( &"(# b !%² ' !+") #"$! b !%² ) &&

(3)

,,,

,_!

DT² "#"N$# _{% &} ,_"

²' DT²o "² % ,_"

²'"#"N$#o"²'"#"$'#&

₍

) *

! ( ,

+ ( ,- ( ! . ( ,, >,-,@

_"

²' ,"²o &O² + / &O²o &O² T=&O²' S<&O²o Q;&O ,, 0 0 12 . 3 ( ! ( 3 /4 12 . . ( . $#N _#N ₅

6 12N

>,@

1 * * 7 . . 12 >,@ 8 0242 !( ( * ,

0242 - 9- OPD[ | /- , ( ( ( >,4,9@ 0 ! 12: * ! >,9@ 0 * . , ; OPD[ ! . ! . >,,,%@

1 ; . < *( ( ( >&,&@

/ # $ >,&@ 3 . # / . # /% OPD[= /9 ! # % OPD[= ,-

> ( *( # $ ( ( 0242 ( . ( ,/?

/ = @ ^ PD[: 4 ` ,/ !" #! $

% $ # ! #! $

(4)

JGH VX $PD[ L $² YUHGQRVWL DSVRUEDQFL QD PDNVL PXPX DSVRUSFLMH L QD QP UHVSHNWLYQR GRN VX % L % ² WHRULMVNL RGUHHQH NRQVWDQWH 2YDNR L]UD XQDWD YUHGQRVW GLMDPHWUD UH]XOWXMH JUH

åNRP RG RNR X RGQRVX QD HNVSHULPHQWDOQR GR ELMHQX YUHGQRVW 5HODWLYQR YLVRND YUHGQRVW JUHåNH GR ELMD VH MHU VX WHRULMVND UD]PDWUDQMD ]DVQRYDQD QD SUHWSRVWDYNDPD GD VH UDGL R YRGHQLP UDVWYRULPD HV WLFD EH]GRGDWND VWDELOL]DWRUD NRMH VX LGHDOQH VIHUH L PRQRGLVSHU]QH X RSVHJX YHOL LQD RG GR QP 0H XWLP L SRUHG VYLK QHGRVWDWDND RYR L]UD XQDYDQMH VH PRçH NRULVWLWL ]D SURFHQX YHOL LQH QDQR HVWLFD X UDV WYRUX >@ ,] UD XQDWH YHOL LQH $X QDQR HVWLFD QD RVQRYX WHRULMVNRJ PRGHOD GDWH VX X WDEHOL

'LIUDNFLMRP UHQGJHQVNLK ]UDND RGUHHQD MH VWUXNWXUD 39$$X QDQRNRPSR]LWD 'LIUDNWRJUDPL X]RUDND VOLND SRND]XMX %UDJRYH UHIOHNVLMH VD NULV WDOQLK UDYQL L NRMH RG JRYDUDMX SRYUåLQVNL FHQWULUDQRM NXEQRM UHåHWNL >@

3ULPHQRP 6KHUUHURYH IRUPXOH QD GRELMHQH GL IUDNWRJUDPH L]UD XQDWD MH YHOL LQD NULVWDOQRJ GRPH QD '

' NO EFRVT

JGH MH N ² NRQVWDQWD NXEQH VWUXNWXUH O ² WDOD VQD GXçLQD ;²]UDND QP E ² SROXåLULQD SLND L T ² XJDR GLIUDNFLMH ,]UD XQDWH YUHGQRVWL YHOL LQH NULV WDOQRJ GRPHQD GDWH VX X WDEHOL

9UHGQRVWL YHOL LQD HVWLFD L]UD XQDWLK QD RVQR YX WHRULMVNRJ PRGHOD L L]GLIUDNWRJUDPD SRND]XMX GH OLPL QR VODJDQMH WDEHOD 5D]OLNH X GRELMHQLP YUHGQRVWLPD YHURYDWQR VX SRVOHGLFD LQMHQLFH GD MH WHRULMVNL PRGHO ]DVQRYDQ QD YHþ QDYHGHQLP SUHWSRV WDYNDPD NRMH QH RSLVXMX UHDOQH VLVWHPH 0HXWLP L SRUHG RYDNYLK QHGRVWDWDND ]DSDçHQR MH VODJDQMH X WRPH GD VH QDMYHþH HVWLFH GRELMDMX X L]UD]LWR NLVHOLP UDVWYRULPD GRN MH ]D VLQWH]X HVWLFD PDQMLK GLPHQ]LMD SRWUHEQR GD UDVWYRU EXGH QHXWUDODQ

,QWHUDNFLMD QDQRSXQLRFD VD PDWULFRP SUDþHQD MH ,& VSHNWURVNRSLMRP 5DVW PHWDOQRJ NODVWHUD MH RJUD QL HQ YH]LYDQMHP 2+ JUXSD 39$ PROHNXOD QD QMHJR YX SRYUåLQX D IRUPLUDQMH KHPLMVNH YH]H L]PHX 39$ PDWULFH L $X QDQR HVWLFD MH SRWYUHQR ,& VSHNWULPD VOLND

& ' !( " ! ) ! " OPD[ ) $

% & $ # * ' *( # +" ## ) # $* OPD[ ) # $

, -./ #! #! ! " ' !( " ! ) !

% , -./ # #! ! * ' *( # +" ## ) #

0$ & " " ! -./ #! 1 #!

0$ & 0 ! # #! ! -./ 2 3

S+ YUHGQRVW

UDVWYRUD _89²9LV9HOL LQD HVWLFD QP_;5'

H

(5)

8 ,& VSHNWUX 39$ ILOPD WUDNH QD L FP² _{RGJRYDUDMX 2²+ YLEUDFLMDPD X UDYQL L &²+ QML} åXþLP YLEUDFLMDPD UHVSHNWLYQR 8 SULVXVWYX QDQRSX QLRFD RGQRV LQWHQ]LWHWD RYH GYH WUDNH RSDGD X SRUHHQMX VD 39$ åWR XND]XMH QD GHNXSORYDQMH RGJR YDUDMXþLK YLEUDFLMD 2YD SRMDYD GLUHNWQR XND]XMX QD WR GD VH LQWHUDNFLMD L]PHX $X QDQR HVWLFD L SROLPHU QH PDWULFH RGLJUDYD SUHNR 2+ JUXSD >@

=$./-8ÿ$.

8 RYRP UDGX MH SRND]DQR GD MH UDGLROLWL NL PH WRG SRJRGDQ ]D LQ VLWX VLQWH]X $X QDQR HVWLFD X SROL PHUQRM PDWULFL 39$ MH L]X]HWQR GREDU VWDELOL]DWRU HVWLFD WH QMLKRYD YHOL LQD RVWDMH QHSURPHQMHQD L SUL OLNRP IRUPLUDQMD QDQRNRPSR]LWQLK ILOPRYD 5DVW PH WDOQRJ NODVWHUD RJUDQL HQ MH YH]LYDQMHP 2+ JUXSD 39$ PROHNXOD QD QMHJRYX SRYUåLQX D IRUPLUDQMH KH PLMVNH YH]H L]PHX SROLPHUQH PDWULFH L QDQRSXQLRFD MH SRWYUHQR ,& VSHNWULPD ,VSLWDQ MH XWLFDM S+ YUH GQRVWL UDVWYRUD QD YHOL LQX VLQWHWLVDQLK $X QDQR HVWL FD 3URPHQD SRORçDMD PDNVLPXPD DSVRUSFLMH $X NRORLGD MH GLUHNWQD SRVOHGLFD SURPHQH YHOL LQD QDQR HVWLFD 'RELMHQL UH]XOWDWL SRND]XMX GD VX YUHGQRVWL OPD[ QHOLQHDUQR ]DYLVQH RG S+ YUHGQRVWL UDVWYRUD 1DMPDQMH HVWLFH VX VLQWHWLVDQH X QHXWUDOQRP UDVWYR UX S+ OPD[ QP GRN VH X L]UD]LWR NLVHOLP UDVWYRULPD GRELMDMX HVWLFH QDMYHþLK GLPHQ]LMD S+ OPD[ QP 'HOLPL QD SRWYUGD RYDNYLK UH ]XOWDWD GRELMHQD MH L GLIUDNFLMRP ;²]UDND 5D]OLNH X YHOL LQDPD HVWLFD L]UD XQDWLK QD RVQRYX WHRULMVNRJ PRGHOD L L] ;5' GLIUDNWRJUDPD YHURYDWQR VX SRVOH

GLFD LQMHQLFH GD WHRULMVNL PRGHO QH X]LPD X UD]PD WUDQMH VYH IDNWRUH NRML LPDMX XWLFDM QD YHOL LQX

=$+9$/1,&$

! "# $ " % & &%

/,7(5$785$

>@ '% ( )% * % )+ '% , % -+ '% .+ )% -+ /% )+ 0% 1 0% '+ " 1$ $% ²

>@ $ $U\DO .&5 %DKDGXU 06 .KLO 1 'KDUPDUDM +< .LP 0DWHU /HWW ²

>@ -) =KX <- =KX - 3K\V &KHP % ²

>@ 0 0RVWDIDYL *5 'H\ / )UDQFRLV %HOORQL -3K\V &KHP $ ²

>@ 6 <DQJ < :DQJ 4 :DQJ 5 =KDQJ % 'LQJ &RO ORLGV 6XUI $ ²

>@ .6 0D\\D 9 3DWLO 0 6DVWU\ /DQJPXLU ²

>@ 6 <DQJ 7 =KDQJ / =KDQJ 6 :DQK = <DQJ % 'LQJ &ROORLGV 6XUI $ ²

>@ $ +HQJOHLQ - 3K\V &KHP ² >@ $ +HQJOHLQ ' 0HLVHO /DQJPXLU ² >@ - %HOORQL 0 0RVWDIDYL + 5HPLWD -/ 0DULJQLHU

02 'HOFRXUW 1HZ - &KHP ² >@ $1 .UNOMHå 07 0DULQRYLþ²&LQFRYLþ =0 .D DUH

YLþ²3RSRYLþ -0 1HGHOMNRYLþ (XU 3RO\P - ²

>@ -+ +RGDN $ +HQJOHLQ *9 +DUWODQG - 3K\V &KHP % ²

>@ 1 /XR '& .RPER 5 2VPDQ - 3K\V &KHP $ ²

>@ ( *DFKDUG + 5HPLWD - .KDWRXUL % .HLWD / 1D GMR - %HOORQL 1HZ - &KHP ² >@ 3. .KDQQD 5 *RNKDOH 9996 6XEEDUDR $.

9LVKZDQDWK %. 'DV &99 6DW\DQDUD\DQD 0DWHU 3K\V &KHP ²

>@ $ 3DO . (VXPL 7 3DO - &ROORLG ,QWHUIDFH 6FL ²

>@ 3 0XOYDQH\ /DQJPXLU ²

>@ -+ +RGDN $ +HQJOHLQ *9 +DUWODQG - &KHP 3K\V ²

>@ : +DLVV 17. 7KDQK - $YH\DUG '* )HUQLJ $QQ &KHP ²

! " # " $ $ # % ## # &

(6)

680$55<

!"

#$% &! ' (!$#)*+ ,&! - !.+ ,! ' ( !/.0,,/. % , # ! %+ 1#-! &

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{,%+ 7 %4,3 %!,- && , 4 / # ,} 4 # %,#,' 4 ! % , / # !&& 4 2 & 2!% , , !#%' 4 #,3% / # , OPD[ 3 % ,7 & ,! ,##,& 34 ?+ 344 4,! ##5 ,!!%,&% , 4 , !#% 34 222 &2%,' 4% !%#% ! -!2 34 4 @ 2 %!2 , ,,2,% #2% & 4,! # ## ,%'

,!&- , ,7 & !%#% , ! &,#5 %54%% , , !#% %,#, 7 ,#& 4 % ,%%7# , ,!,# 4 !# %9 75 - 4 / # , %,#,'

(5 3,!&% &,#5 %54%% x ,,2,%% x / #% x

(#) ! &,# $ %9 x ,$,2,9 x /!&,% x