مقایسه آگاهی دانشجویان دندانپزشکی و دندانپزشکان عمومی در ارتباط با اسکواموس سل کارسینومای دهان (همدان-ایران)

(1)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

! "

!

#$! %

&

)

(

)

(

& $ + , *

.

) / 01

* . 2$ 3$ " **

. 4 56 780 ***

. $9, *

***

* ! !"# $ %

& ' ( ) *+ ,&

** %

-. / % ( 0 1 ) *+ ,&

' (

***

* *** &

' ( ) *+ ,&

6 : ; :

10 / 7 / 90 – ; B) CD : 10 / 11 / 90

4 $ E

:

) OSCC (

! " # $% & & '

& ( ) * + , .

./0 1 * 2& .3 # 4 "

' 5 6 &7 8 79 $% & $% & : ;(

OSCC ' .

222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222222222222

#

3/ % & 4 50% :

' & $ %

! !"# 78*#

: 8381063 2 0811 09111751196

E-mail: massoumehzargaran@gmail.com , mm.zargaran@yahoo.com

A Comparison between the Knowledge of Dental Students and General Dentists about Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Hamadan-Iran)

Shokoofeh Jamshidi*, Massoumeh Zargaran*#, Abbas Moghimbeigi**, Mostafa Delkhah***, Fahimeh Baghaei****

* Assistant Professor of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

** Assistant Professor, Dept of Statistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. *** Dentist

**** Assistant Professor, Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Received: 2 October 2011; Accepted: 30 January 2011

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and dentists have a vital role in its prevention and early detection. The purpose of the present study was a comparative evaluation of knowledge between fifth and sixth year dental students and general dentists in Hamadan about to OSCC.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried outin Hamadan in 2009. Eighty general dentists

and70 dental students participated in the study and filled out our questionnaire. Datawere analyzed via SPSS software,

version 16, byt-test and Pierson co-efficient correlation.

Results: The mean knowledge score was 8.55±2.21 and 6.48±2.34 of 13 in students and dentists respectively which was

significantly different (P< 0.001). There was not a significant correlation between either age, gender, intervalof last study

about OSCC, the interest in participation in related seminars and self evaluation of students about OSCC, with their

knowledge score butdentists' knowledge were declined by increase in age, time passed from graduation and the last time of

their study about OSCC statistically.

Conclusion: This study indicated that knowledge of dental students and general dentists aboutOSCC is not enough in Hamadan; also, there was a significant difference between them and it seems there needs to be a greater emphasis on various

educational programs about this subjectboth before and after graduation.

Key words: Knowledge, dental student, general dentist, oral squamous cell carcinoma. #

##

(2)

B :

< = ./0 1 >

/1# &7

? 1388 & ) : . 80 79 D $% & 70

: $% &

.' F 7 G ./0 1

. !

& H ! .

I 9J G3 ' (

t-test ! K 367 L 4 MN . $:

& & .

F, :

$% & : ;( F 7 79

* 13 F 7 O 21 / 2 55 / 8 34 / 2 48 / 6 ' I < . / 8 ( '

G U

) 001 / 0 P (. ( .1' /

' O V U O . /0 1 W( * .M = X OSCC

G . ' 7 O

7 * (* ' ' .1'

: ' * . * W ;( $ *

OSCC O ' G X : ;( F 7

& Y ' Z $X O

[N * G\ X * I& * W(

' . 1' . /0 1 OSCC

O ' . / ;( F 7 *

.K $% & &

.

$F )$ & :

./0 1 79 $% & $% & : ;( $

OSCC G3 X F* & .' Y

. ] ;

I < / G U 8 ( ' .

' . ^ & K ' .U . ' ' * ( _ 4 ` [W _ K

6a b b

* & /'

\ X * G [N

G 4

.

4G & & $H% :

: O ;( $% &

D $% & O 79

O .

&8 $% & F& .M: /

? 1391 F 36 / F 7 1 : 36 > 23 .

! " #

! ) 1 ( ' () *

94 %

. / 0 1) 2 3 4)

" ! 56

(OSCC)1

7 . ) 2 ( OSCC

7)

:;< =) ! 10

/? /@

A< BC D !

. ) 5 F 3 (

H " I

J " 4) C

" I4 K) ;

I L M < N O

K) ;

MP Q 3 )

40 6R

! S ;# .

) 7 6 2 (

. 3(R

Q J ! 4 ) P 4

K) ; " H) * Q (H"

" 4 6 V O K) ; 3 ) K ) # W 4) /@ A"Q 4 K) ; .

) 10 F 7 (

1. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma /@

OSCC

3 X

! . ) 11 2 (

=) ! 4)

( 53 0 @ Q 3 YH)

Z) 0 " . 13 7! )

0 6 I 6

[ P ( ! .

) 12 9 7 1 (

4) R 0 \

H J 3 5/ ] C Z)

F

=) ! Q 7!

4) Q :^3 6) <

! . ) 2 (

OSCC ) A 7) 4)

# "

. ) 13 (

6 P _

\`^ _ a 0 @ =C_

b) YH)

Q 10 F 5 K . .

) 1 (

R ` 1) 2 4) c" X ; " 0 ? d (H" ! e f

" 6)

1 ) ); 3 g @

)

4 ) P /7! e*" b) h 4) 3!

_ ` "

. ) 16 F 14 ( ; * 5 R

R ` " OSCC

(3)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

" ! I 3 P ` (H" 78

% ) # W

. ) 17 (

X W _

A< 5`

0 ) 1 j b" k 3 3`

! ) 18 ( I

; e f

j 6 OSCC

3!L# " l

. ) 19 11 (

" " 4 R 4 " /? m 3

) 1 Y) j b" )

Y!;n" " m (

4 9

Y) < e f 4 " /? l

1) 2 6" "

Q J ! !

5 9

! S ;# .

) 14 7 ( " # " # @

e f

b #

I 3

" " #Q Q g @ < o

' () * b 3" 50

) 1 A"Q ?

3H

" < 7!;n" "

" # b"Q

; "

'p 1 R ` ^@

! b) 0 l < 2

k H`

" . ) 7 2 ( 7!;n" " ` 4 /q ! 6) ) Z)

7!;n" " 4 1 *" "

) " : 5) j 4) j 6 e f )

20 18 ( I

(" #Q K*" d

'

0 ) 1

# j b" 5` Z)

" .

) 7 3 ( 4 c

I 3 YH) N O h K" # _

" " rs^@ OSCC

3H . ) 21 7 ( h( 4)

K P 0 1) 2 e f ) " _ "Q H 1) 2 4) R ` ) " !

. ) 7 (

3 t 4) ) 4 2 ; " ! j b" 0 1R C

. " 5 3 3H Q ` 4)

7/ ) 6" = A " 7!;n" " O*" . K) ; 3 " A"Q Ou q

v" P 3! ; "

. ) 22 3 ( j @ S Q w12

H

j @ 7 " Ou b h

j 6 ) ! 7!;n" " xy K*" / < z f 4) @ )p

! 12 !

7 H ) # h(

{ 1 Ou3R

! j p ; 6" _ / _

3

0 A hH ) 1R C 4)

N O3 .

) 22 3 ( < |

j 6 e f

OSCC Y) 1R C H) * V

7!;n" " r ! rb P . ) b " #Q N O A! @ 7!;n" "

! 56 . / (OSCC)

. 1388 j b" # .

B

5 ? 1R C Y) 1R C 4) 1C* S

(Cross-sectional) A

1388 j b" A!

! . 1R C 4) Q 1 < 2

! # ) b "

7!;P j /@ 6 " 7!;n" " r ! rb P . j j r " / Ou .

88 F 1387

7 A! BC q ! @ 7!;n" " " . < 1R C " " rb` 95

% _

10 % 4 6" V^3 2

1R C #

80 % I _ ` # 61

) # 4 1 " " .

(4)

4) " " rb` wR #

1 A b "

)

r ! . 4

" ! #Q BC <

" L# h Q `

!

N O Z)

/ @ 0 ?

I m Kf " P 7 ) 1

LR Irb P . ) b " 2

" ) P . )

1

` " L# N O

( ) # 53 I

^@

1 #

" " h

70 5" ) wR # (

80 5" ) #

} ( K) ; !

. 0 l . @ ! j b" 0 1R C

P A"Q

I Q # ; 4)

K ZP P !

#Z) 0 @^

13 K P OSCC

. ) 22 3 ( P 4) )

Kf m

e f I

7 " R P 0 ? Y ` <

Q (3@ # _ ) 7!;n" " 20 5" K ZP 1 <

Q S

b Q

(test-retest) b

! h) 2

0p ~ P #Q 0 " 63H( 2

35 927 / 0 I * 0p z € (" 5RQ

; " 85 / 0 Q

. P 7 u" 0 ?

? b " ) Y!;n" " # a` ) 6f P 0 _^ _ 2 * ! " . H/<

6) 7 ) j @ 0 ? !

VL` H R !

. ! ) 2 #

P ! "Q " " 7

_ " u '^ 0 ? A"Q 0 @^ " . / ' 2 P

" j " .

= < MP Q

) 0 @^ ( P B uO

3 Y) B u? ~ P h 4) " !

(d t P t ) m/q ~ I} <

3 5?

) # • uR .

" d ` J b 13

) A" 3

3 = < P 0p

I #Q "

! ( u b " Y!;n" " .

Mn

j " ; SPSS K) )

16

53 ) #

H Q

t-test l3 C H) *

P 63H( h) 2 6) 7) 5

BC I l3 H) *

1 05 / 0 P<

3 # _ Q /u );b .

F,

! 1

‚ *u 4) 150

5"

2 7!;n" " ) b " # )

70 5" (

@ 7!;n" " )

80 5" ( 3 # _ .

38 rb P . 7!;n" " ) b " 5" 32

5" ! .

" / Ou r .

44 5"

) 8 / 62 ? ( L ) b " # 4) 26

5"

) 2 / 37 ? ( 7 ƒ"y ) b " A"Q "

.

j #

I 53 5" ) 25 / 66 ? ( 7!;n" "

L @

27 5" ) 75 / 33 ? ( ƒ"y A"Q

" . ) b " 4 6" 55

/ 4 81 / 28 4 6" .

7!;n" " @

(5)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

1R C 4) Q " 0 4 6"

@ 7!;n" " ) b " OSCC

h !L# 71

/ 4 50 / 11 55

/ 33 05 / 69

Q . Ou q 0 4 6"

" " @ 7!;n 04

/ 5 9 / 9

4) .

1 40 ! j^@ l3 . .

4 l3 H) *

1R C 4) Q 3!L# 0 OSCC

4

2 # Q 0 5 1

" )

. < 1 (.

) „) 3" )

!

1R C ( 0 @^ OSCC

" I 1

" @ 7!;n" " ) b " # 12 ) " 1 (. R `

d

2 #

) 41 b " 55

Y!;n" " (

` 0 @^

" j^@ m 3 I

A 16 b " 10

Y!;n" "

0 @^

3H" * )

13 b "

15 Y!;n" " (

" 0 @^ )

" " . Q 0 5 1

# 4

! " < l3 4) z ( 1R C )

233 / 0 P= .(

! ) ;

Q z (

OSCC I # ) b "

7!;n" " 57

5" ) 40 / 81 (% ) 13 5" ) 60 / 18 % (

4) Q ! ) j @

" " j^@ I

7!;n" " # ; 4)

h @

71 5" ) 75 / 88 (% 9 5" ) 25 / 11 (%

.

! ) ;

7!;n" " ) b " # 4 Q "t @ 7!;n" t

Q V^3 t

1 <

t ! " ) 206 / 0 P= .(

. < 2 ~ P " =) ) # B u?

! # . Y 75 ‚ *u

! .

~ P MP

0p ! s

P I

B uO 0 " } H3`

I V u" 4 6"

7!;n" " ) b " # #Q " 1 21 / 2 55 / 8 @ 7!;n" " # 34

/ 2 48 / 6

7!;n" " ) b " #Q " Q ^@

p • uR

Q # " H) * ; "

7!;n" "

0 5 @

1

) 001 / 0 P< ( ) . < 1 (.

# Q 0 " 4 c

K ZP 4) Q " /? IM < I4 l3

N O 1R C OSCC

I

! )

; ) Q m( Q

#Q

OSCC " # _ 1R C ;

Q C " # … 7!;n" " ) b " 1 " )

) 05 / 0 P (.

4) W _

. ) b " #Q 0 " 4 6" 4 c # ) # ( u Y 75 ; " r ! rb P .

#Q "

rb P . ) b " )

01 / 2 89 / 8 ( H) *

r ! . ) b " )

41 / 2 56 / 8 ( 3 I

Q 0 5 _ 1

) 730 / 0 P= (.

; " @ 7!;n" " # "

Q C 1

) IM < l3 4

7!;n" " ) Q !

#Q ;

(6)

! " < # 4) Q )

05 / 0 P ( .

1 )

5 63H( h) 2 < (I

K) ; 4

) 015 / 0 = P I 63H( h) 2 238

/ 0 F (I

K) ;

Ou q 0

) 012 / 0 = P I h) 2

63H( 248 / 0 F ( /? K) ; 1R C 4) Q "

C OSCC

) 027 / 0 = P I 63H( h) 2

228 / 0 F ( #Q " 3 @ 7!;n" "

! . L# x 3 4) 3 A 4 1 A< 4 c

# @ 7!;n" " ) b " #Q HP S " # X )

Back ward (

) # 53 ; "

Y!;n" " ) b " l3 A )

l! (

L# x )

. < 3 ( \`^ c" X !

) b " " p # m . 4) @ 7!;n" " (H" ;

101 / 2 " `

; " Q \" * 4) 1

) 001 / 0 P ( .

. < 1 :

l3 H) *

#Q " I4

1R C 4) Q 3!L# 0

OSCC

1R C #

l3 #

1

4 6" 1 V u"

P-value

4 ) b "

7!;n" "

70

80 81 / 28

61 / 36 55

/ 4

66 / 9 001

/ 0

P<

#Q "

) b "

7!;n" "

70

80 55 / 8

48 / 6 21

/ 2

34 / 2 001

/ 0

P<

3!L# 0

1R C 4) Q

OSCC

) ( ) b "

7!;n" "

70

80 50 / 11

05 / 69 71

/ 4

55 / 33 001

/ 0

P<

68.75

22.9

58.6

18.5 18.75 12.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

m 3 "

b "

Y!;n" "

" 1 :

#Q ] C " =)

OSCC

(7)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

. < 2 :

~ P " =)

! B u?

0p ‚ *u

w) 0p y ~ P

B u? ~ P "

7!;n" " ) b "

B u? ~ P " 7!;n" "

1

" r 1) 2 Y) 1C_ e f S

c

OSCC

Y) R P 3H .

1

/ 87 5

/ 82

2 Y) | 3

_ ` A3R 1) 2 Y) r 1) 2

2

j p 35

. 6

/ 78 8

/ 48

3 4 3) (

A

13H @

" K P 0 1) 2 b)

OSCC

! . 3

/ 44 20

4 J !

OSCC

3

80 8

/ 58

5 J !

OSCC

p 40 3 .

6 / 78 85

6 H_

=) ! 5/

6) < 4)

SCC

4 / 61 8

/ 33

7 13H @ 4) 3 A

SCC

0 " V O .

3

/ 74 8

/ 78

8 3 3 6) < 4 R

OSCC

#

7 u 5 R

3

/ 84 8

/ 63

9 3 3 6) < 4) 31) !

OSCC

) . 3

/ 74 45

10

_ H_

H_ ) 3 f j

X z f

SCC

! . 4

/ 51 3

/ 26

11

" 0 1) 2 ) K ^P 3) 0 l b) . 3`

. 7

/ 55 55

12

^P 7R K w ^P 7R 0 l b) . 3`

)

‚

4 / 41 5

/ 22

13 S

) A " ! I "

OSCC

3

/ 44 8

/ 28

. < 3

l3 # S ) A" .

ˆ #Q L# x

l3 )

" 3 C (

h) 2

R Q

)

Wald

(

P-value

( g @

) 675 / 0 ( 150 / 4 703

/ 1 001

/ 0

P<

0 = Y!;n" " /

1 = b " )

321 / 0 ( 101 / 2 95

/ 2 001

/ 0

P<

IJ

‚ *u 4) ) b " #Q " 4 6" 21 / 2 55 / 8 13 " ) b " " 4) " {

7 " ! Q m u " Ou3R

< )

1R C ? r

OSCC

r 3! 3 " hR C "

(8)

) " 0 A ) " ) ( / @

I "

2 5 1 ! .

0 * *u „) 3" b 3" 4) Cannik

7 )

9 (

Carter Ogden

) 23 ( ; " * C

b j @

J^ #Q

‚ _ " ) b "

A"Q ` xy H K*" N O 3! 4) )

)Q 7!;n" " @ (

e f !

j 6 / < 5` j "

OSCC . 7 " H " 5 3 w12

4) ! Q

< Ou

c"Q j 6

S Q 3 ) 1 . ? R

_ < e f 6" 6X ) 1 u" #

B u? " "

. ) 22 (

1 Q 0 5 " 1R C 4) „) 3" < r ! rb P . ) b " #Q " 4

‚ *u „) 3" " Cannik

7 ) 9 ( (

/ Ou . K) ; ) b " #Q BC K) ; "Q I " * C .

1R C Carter

) 23 ( 34 % Q . ) b "

j p 0 @^ _ " j^@ 7!;n" " R ` 3H

‚ *u 4) 6

/ 18 %

0 @^ ) b " " N O 4)

3H" 3 | ‚ *u (H"

. 4 c

‚ *u Carter ) 23 ( 92 % 3 7!;n" " ) b "

3 S Q "

I R `

2 ` 1R C I

4 / 81 % 3! ) ) b "

! Q

r (H" 4) I

! S ;# ; ‚ *u

Carter 3

. ) 23 (

37" 1R C

< _ \" )Q

4)

) b " m ! hH " I

Š^ " ! A"Q )

I 0 @^ " ) b " ;

N O OSCC

) " "

I " f

) b " ! ) ; " Q ) _^@ 43 # \" ^@ R 3`

J 2 4) (

! @ 4) # " .

‚ *u 4) 7!;n" " #Q " 4 6"

34 / 2 48 / 6 13 " . * *u .

1383

Z" h/C m # 0 ? A! 3)

I

7!;n" " #Q " 4 6" 7

/ 2 95 / 8 14 . ) 3 (

4 b" // R 4 6 4 /AX 7 @ ) 7!;n" " .

1379 ) 22 (

7!;n" " #Q " 4 6" 24

/ 7 14 "

" " j^@ .

@ m 6) 1R C

P ) 24 ( .

1376 # j b" I

4 6"

7!;n" " #Q " 5

/ 7 14 " . 5*x

" #Q ; C 4 ; " 7 7!;n"

. A 1387

13 " I 74 / 1 42 / 6 S ;#

" " . ) 25 ( ‚ *u " 4 6" 4) 4 c

Yellowitz 7

4 / 8 14 " . ) 26 ( 1R C

Ariyawardana 7

) 18 ( 23 ! ] C .

P I

" Q

076 / 0 79 / 2 \"

H) * 2 ` 1R C

0 1R C 4

3 # _ hH 4) 3 K ZP 4)

3! 3 I

R ` 1R C

Joseph

7 ) 27 ( #Q " j^@ 0

/ 4 6 / 20 30 "

4) H) * I Q " 4) 3A .

0 * *u 4 c | 0 * *u j Nicotera 7

) 10 ( I Clovis 7

) 28 ( I

Yellowitz 7

) 29 ( Yellowitz 7

) 17 ( I

(9)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

" 4 ) P C

S Q

3

MP 6 " {

" / Ou3R .

4 6" 7!;n" " #Q " " K ZP

„) 3" * C 4 2 d

/(_ 0 * *u I

) P "

} Hu # 4) !

I R ` 5`

" C ` } Hu 7!;n"

!

H

/ < 5` 4) 0 1) 2 OSCC

`

_ 7!;n" " m ) 3 e f w

! o 4) 0 @^ K" *

! 0 1) 2 4) 43 ) h(

x "

! " D ) ;H 3! Q m(

! .

q 0 K) ; ‚ *u 4)

Ou I 3 7!;n" " #Q " !

„) 3"

Z" h/C ‚ *u 3)

) 3 ( I Patton 7

) 30 (

b 7

) 19 ( * C \"

" ^ 7!;n" " 3 ; 4) 7!;n" " 0 s ) 1 5`

_^@ " ? K C ` 1R C

/ < ) S 7 OSCC

m( .

A! P @ 1R C )

24 ( I

7 5*x )

25 ( I Ariyawardana Ekanayake

) 18 (

Hertrampf 7

) 31 (

q 0 4

z ( #Q " Ou 1

! " < .

C 4 c 2 ` 1R #Q " 4 K) ;

@ ‚ *u „) 3" ! 3 7!;n" "

6 4 /AX 7

4 b" // R 4

) 7!;n" " )

22 (

7 b

) 19 (

* C .

3) Z" h/C 1R C )

3 ( I A! P @

) 24 ( I 7 5*x )

25 (

Hertrampf 7

) 31 ( z ( #Q " 4 4

1 " * C „) 3" ! " <

.

) IM < l3 z (

#Q ; Y!;n" " ) I Q I #Q " I

C Q \" 1

<

3) Z" h/C 0 1R C „) 3" ! " )

3 (

A! P @ )

24 ( # .

// R 4 6 4 /AX 7 @ 1R C

) 7!;n" " 4 b" )

22 ( ) #Q " 4

0 @^ Y!;n" "

C

1 ! <

.

4) Q " 0 K) ; ‚ *u 4) C Y!;n" " 1R C SCC

" !L#

Q • uR C 4) I ! 3 "Q #Q 1 .

4 /AX 7 @ 0 * *u

) 7!;n" " 4 b" // R 4 6 )

22 (

Yellowitz 7

) 26 ( Patton 7

) 30 ( ; "

#Q " 1R C 4) Q 0 K) ; 3 7!;n" " * C 0 * *u „) 3" !

R 3) Z" h/C ‚ *u

) 3 ( @

A! P )

24 (

1R C 4) Q 0 4

1 C #Q " ! " <

„) 3"

H " # ‚ *u .

K" " j^@ " 7!;n" " 1

" A"Q

I 0 1R C

Q 53 „) 3" w/3f .

3 / 52 %

C 7!;n" "

A! P @ 1R

) 24 ( 6 / 45 % @ 1R C 7!;n" "

4 6 4 /AX 7

(10)

) ) 22 ( I 3 / 33 % 1R C 7!;n" " Clovis

7 ) 28 ( I 32 % 1R C 7!;n" " Yellowitz

7 ) 26 ( I 9 / 26 % ‚ *u 7!;n" " Yellowitz

Goodman )

29 ( I 8 / 18 % ‚ *u 7!;n" "

Yellowitz 7

) 17 ( 8 / 11 % h/C ‚ *u

3) Z" )

3 ( A"Q K" " j^@

" .

‚ *u 4) 75

/ 18 %

A"Q 0 @^ " j^@ 7!;n" " SCC

" ‚ *u b 3" !

Yellowitz

7 ) 17 ( * C .

! \" ) @

! j^@ )

75 / 18 % ( ! hH #Q " 1R C

X * C " f

j^@ ) ; "

" ! ! Q

) \" ^@

3H" _^@ 43 #

!

N O @^

OSCC ( @ 4) # ) !

! . A! P @ 1R C )

24 ( I 94 %

3! ) 7!;n" "

Q

! C

. 1R C ; 4)

3) Z" h/C )

3 ( 88 % I 1R C 7 5*x

3 / 64 % ) 25 ( I 1R C Yellowitz 7

) 26 ( 82 % I

@ 1R C

6 4 /AX 7

// R 4

) 7!;n" " 4 b" )

22 ( 9 / 85 % 1R C Clovis

7 ) 26 ( 77 % ! j^@ .

1R C ; "

8 / 88 %

Q 3! ) 7!;n" "

# /(_ 0 1R C „) 3" ' () * ! . 1R C Joseph

7 )

27 ( ; " 3 / 86 %

_^@ 7!;n" " hH

" " j^@ 3 0 @^ Q

1R C Ariyawardana

7 ) 18 ( 70 % S Q ) 3 7!;n" "

4) 3

" .

X # H) * 1R C r 1 < <

7!;n" " 3! ) b " 1 7!;n" "

‚ *u 4) ? ` „) 3" 3" ) ! 4) : a@

3 ) k (H" #

4)

1R C 5#

0 1R C ) c Z)

. ) ! j b" 0 1R C #

3!L I

` (" " #Q ; " } /C

. /? 0 ? 0 1R C 4 !

R C 3 # ' ‹ 2 ` 1

K*"

=_ ) ! 7!;n" " xy ` H

R / @ 7) 0 1) 2 4) j 6

3 6" _ < X .

4) „) 3" MP 6) 0 1R C 3 1R C

. X !L# I

1_ " 6) BC K) ;

" 7!;n" " K" #Q .

X C ` 4) " 4 /q ! ) ) (" X # 7!;n" " 3 P " 73! A ) . K! P

Kf J 2 =

0 53

7 " " ‚) 7!;n" "

! Q

( < N O = < / @ ‰ w/3f OSCC " " rs^@ I0 ) 1 X ...

! xy " o

j p S Q 0 ?

! Q j I

1 3H

{ ) ; " / Ou3R I

(R ! \" ) 3

5 I ) < ! s hR C u"

" s ) P ; "

: * X !

(11)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

OSCC " K P Q m( s H

s

@^ #Q K) ; 0 b 3"

6 P

‚ _ j b" . (" 5` 0 ) 1

! . OSCC } Hu " A< 3! A 7 Y) !

Q j 6 =) e f ! ! C" J " < \ u

" _ I (

0 . /C A#Q K P

} r

. ) (" 4) 7!;n" " K*"

# 4) =_ B u? 7/ @ 4) C

# ) " R H .

` 4) 4 /q ! r j p

r 7!;n" " 3! Ou Z) j @ " ! < N O 4) 1 < .

7!;n" " ) b " #Q " 1R C 4) 7!;n" " p @

. Q 3 ) !

0 @^ hH = k 3

" 7!

k^ ‰

S Q

Kf / @

R I r *3H ) 1

7!;n" " 7 " Ou @ 7!;n" " H) * {

m( ! Ou3R

H" . 4) ;

. ) b " #Q

3! 4) " ) P F

= 43! 3 <

! Q F ) 2 X 2 ` 1R C (" Kf

I

` ) ! @ L# x K*"

6) * X

; 6" I ` 7/ @ " L#

` A<

4) 0 1R C q O

I j @

#Q K" rA K*"

7!;n" " 3! 63 Q

K P ) " 0 1) 2 j 6 ) ! "

... ! R ‰H S )LP j @ `

C

j @ _^@ I < _ V ? N O 4) 1R C A<

. Z) MP

q Ou

! . (" .

) !

h( 4 ; "

" K ZP

# #Q BC

@ 7!;n" "

q 0 "

C "Q Ou 1

3! .

4)

X 1R C 2 ` 1R C

< 12 )

# b " P " 1R C

" 3 rbH I ` " Y) <

q N O ) P 6R

"

x ! .

1R C j b" 4) 4 c V

/@ ) !

„) 3" xy K ZP K ZP 4) Q

A P #

.

&)$ $F

) b " #Q ; " 1R C 4) @ 7!;n" " 7!;n" " OSCC

" H "

o 1 0 5 X # A"Q 4

! < .

\" " 3 <

! Q

(_ r J 2 4) N O J 3

1 r

q 2 Ou

.

K )

" 1 0 @ H 7 ) * 7!;P j /@ 6 " ZP j 3u 7 "

7!;n" " ) b " / A 7!;n" " " " ) ‚ *u 4) j b" " 7!;n" " .

W ) !

) P R * 4) 3 "

3 < 7! 3 ) I @

O1 #

) 3 (

5CO 3 S 6"

! fR 466

7!;n" " 7 " " f 3

(12)

# !)D

م م م م

M < : L ƒ"y

4 : ... .

/l! 12 :

b " / Y!;n" "

rb P . b " /

r !

q 0

Ou : ... .

k 7 C b " 1R C 4) Q " 0

(OSCC)

L# : ...

" 0 Q

C Y!;n" " 1R C 4)

OSCC

L# : ...

3 @^ ! )

OSCC

:

m 3

"

! ! )

z ( Q

OSCC

:

/

...

1 .

" " r 1) 2 Y) 1C_ e f S

OSCC

j

• wR ( " ) 1

} ( Y) R P 3H

Œ ( # ) ) 1 (

3H H7) S

2 .

X _ ` A3R 1) 2 Y) r 1) 2 Y) | 3

• j p 0

wR ( 35 }

( 2

Œ ( 3 (

6

3 .

3) Y (

4 13H @ ) b)

" K P 0 1) 2

OSCC

• !

wR (

A

}

(

E

Œ (

K

(

D

4

. J !

OSCC

• 3 H < X

wR ( ƒ"y }

( H7)

Œ ( L (

" M < (

5 .

OSCC

• 3 J ! X

wR ( ) 20 . }

( 40 F 20 .

Œ ( p 40 . (

" 4 (

6 . =) ! 6) < 4)

OSCC

• j

wR (

f j 5/ H_

} ( " #

Œ (

5/ H_

(

dR

7 . 13H @ 4) 3 A

OSCC

• H X

wR ( 0 " V O }

( r) ) Lq

Œ ( Lq V O {

( 7R V O

8 . 3 3 6) < 4 R

OSCC

• b

wR ( #

7 u 5 R

}

( )

Œ ( ( (

P

9 . =) ! 3 3 6) < 4)

OSCC

• b

wR ( ) }

( /

Œ ( P (

0 3 P

10 .

z f H_ j

X 3

OSCC

• !

wR ( 7! BC }

( " #

Œ (

f j _ H_

( j " j

11 .

) 0 1) 2 Y) j 0 l b) . 3`

3 • !

wR ( ^P 47 R

} ( ^P 3)

Œ ( ^P 7R (

H7)

!

12 . l . 3`

c I 0

OSCC

j ^P 7R

• 3 *C

wR ( w }

( 3 P BC

Œ ( " # (

hR

13 . S Y

] ) A )

OSCC

• 3

wR ( ` < }

(

" P

Œ ( !

( ) S H7

(13)

/ 1391 / 36 / 1

L #

1. Ariyawardana A, Vithanaarachchi N. Awareness of oral cancer and precancer among patients attending a hospital in Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2005; 6(1): 58-61.

2. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders Co; 2009. P. 409-15.

3. Motallebnejad M, Hedaiati M. General dentist knowledge about oral cancer in Babol in 2005. J Mash Dent Sch

2006;30(3,4): 309-18. (Persian)

4. Scully C, Felix DH. Oral medicine--update for the dental practitioner orofacial pain. Br Dent J 2006; 200(2):

75-83.

5. Devadiga A, Prasad KV. Knowledge about oral cancer in adults attending a Dental Hospital in India. Asian

Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11(6): 1609-13.

6. Ghapanchi J, Mortazavi M, Parhiz H. Analytic Evaluation of the prevalence of head and neck cancers among

patients with different kinds of cancers visited in radiotherapy department of Nemazee Hospital, 2003-2004. ShirazUniversity of Medical Sciences Journal of Dentistry 2004; 5(1,2): 97-105. (Persian)

7. Wood NK, Goaz PW. Differential Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co;

1997.P. 587-95.

8. Silverman SJR. Atlas of Clinical Oncology Oral Cancer. 5th ed. Ontario: B.C. Decker Inc; 2003. P. 1-4. 9. Cannick GF, Horowitz AM, Drury TF, Reed SG, Day TA. Assessing oral cancer knowledge among dental

students in South Carolina. J Am Dent Assoc 2005; 136(3): 373-8.

10. Nicotera G, Gnisci F, Bianco A, Angelillo IF. Dental hygienists and oral cancer prevention: Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in Italy. Oral Oncol 2004; 40(6): 638-44.

11. Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Silverman S Jr. Trends in oral cancer rates in the United States, 1973-1996. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28(4): 249-56.

12. Saito A, Nishina M, Murai K, Mizuno A, Ueshima F, Makiishi T, et al. Health professional's perceptions of and potential barriers to smoking cessation care: A survey study at a dental school hospital in Japan.BMC Res Notes 2010; 7(3): 329.

13. Pakfetrat A, Falaki F, Esmaily HO, Shabestari S. Oral cancer knowledge among patients referred to Mashhad

Dental School, Iran. Arch Iran Med 2010; 13(6): 543-8.

14. Epstein JB, Gorsky M, Fischer D, Gupta A, Epstein M, Elad S.A survey of the current approaches to diagnosis

and management of oral premalignant lesions. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138(12): 155-62.

15. Petti S, Scully C. Oral cancer knowledge and awareness: Primary and secondary effects of an information leaflet. Oral Oncol 2007; 43(4): 408-15.

16. Mashberg A, Samit AM.Early detection, diagnosis, and management of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 1989; 39(2): 67-88.

17. Yellowitz J, Horowitz AM, Goodman HS, Canto MT, Farooq NS. Knowledge, opinions and practices of general dentists regarding oral cancer: A pilot survey. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129(5): 579-83.

18. Ariyawardana A, Ekanayake L. Screening for oral cancer/pre-cancer: Knowledge and opinions of dentists employed in the public sector dental services of Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9(4): 615-8.

19. Borhan-Mojabi K, Moradi A, Yazdabadi A. Evaluating the degree of knowledge on oral cancer among general

practitioners and dentists in Qazvin. J Eval Clin Pract 2011 Jan 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01613.x. 20. Gajendra S, Cruz GD, Kumar JV. Oral cancer prevention and early detection: Knowledge, practices, and

opinions of oral health care providers in New York State. J Cancer Educ 2006; 21(3): 157-62.

21. Stahl S, Meskin LH, Brown LJ. The American Dental Association's oral cancer campaign: The impact on consumers and dentists. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135(9): 1261-7.

22. Zarei M, Navabi N, Akhavizadegan H, Naeemi Khorasanizadeh M, Yazdani M. Assessing level of knowledge

and diagnostic concept among dentists in relation with oral cancer. Journal of Strides in Development of Medical Education 2005; 1(2): 104-12.

23. Carter LM, Ogden GR. Oral cancer awareness of undergraduate medical and dental Students. BMC Med Educ

2007; 7: 44.

24. Zarei M, Asadpoor F. Assessing level of knowledge and diagnostic concept among Kerman dentists in relation

with oral cancer. Journal of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 2001; 19(4): 357-64. (Persian)

(14)

26. Yellowitz JA, Horowitz AM, Drury TF, Goodman HS. Survey of U.S. dentists' knowledge and opinions about oral pharyngeal cancer. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131(5): 653-61.

27. Joseph BK, Sundaram DB, Sharma P. Oral cancer awareness among dentists in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2012;

21: 164-70.

28. Clovis JB, Horowitz AM, Poel DH. Oral and pharyngeal cancer: Practices and opinions of dentists in British

Columbia and Nova Scotia. J Can Dent Assoc 2002; 68(7): 421-5.

29. Yellowitz JA, Goodman HS. Assessing physicians and dentist's oral cancer knowledge, opinions and practices.

J Am Dent Assoc 1995; 126(1): 53-60.

30. Patton LL, Elter JR, Southerland JH, Strauss RP. Knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and diagnostic concepts among North Carolina dentists. Implications for diagnosis and referral. J Am Dent Assoc 2005; 136(5): 602-10.

31. Hertrampf K, Wiltfang J, Koller M, Klosa K, Wenz HJ. Dentists' perspectives on oral cancer: A survey in Northern Germany and a comparison with international data. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19(2): 144-52.