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The Relationship between Mental Skills, Motivation and
Personality of School Football Player
Amin Rayat*, Mehdi Rayat, Zahra Moghaddasi and Mansore Akbari
Young Researchers Clubd, dariun Branch, Islamic Azad University, dariun, Iran
*Corresponding author: Email: rayatamin@yahoo.com,
Tel: +98-09352877605 ABSTRACT:
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality and motivation in school football players Marvdasht city. The research method was a descriptive correlational research was conducted as a field. The population of the city school football players was evaluated. Because of the nature of the sampling population of the entire population was used. The samples were selected in two age groups of adolescents and youth. The data of this study from two questionnaires Exercise Motivation (SMS) Sports Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-20) was used. Data were collected by questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability by using Cronbach's alpha, respectively, sporty character (72/0), sports motivation (vary from 850) was approved. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results, the normal distribution of variables not the case. So in order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics including Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U and regression were used. Test results showed that the average person in the group was a young teenager and the youth group of the teens showed more motivation. The results showed that no significant relationship between motivation and personality, but there was a significant relationship between personality traits and motivation.
Keywords: character, motivation, football schools, mental skills INTRODUCTION
With the advancement of the science of psychology mental skills important in the implementation of sporty performance and when in the past the importance of physical preparation was emphasized. Sports psychologists, coaches and athletes to be more emphasis on psychological preparation (Rayat,1392). Today, with the use of psychological skills significant progress in the functioning of Olympic athletes, Professional and academic levels there. Although the content of the psychological preparation programs, is different in different sports, but according to Willie (1986) all mental preparation programs with issues that are common, such as attention control skills , motivation, development of self-esteem, mental
that participation in sport leads possess desirable personality traits (Dynstn, 2002).
Another research has emphasized the relationship between motivation and character of Aristotle's classic characters.So according to this theory can be claimed to have a better understanding of personality characteristics and motivational barriers that can be desired in the way of sporting character in search of motivational factors (Bvnamnv, 1995).That person will have an incentive to run his motive and purpose of the individual to match his personality is concerned (Muzino1995). Psychologists to describe the characteristics of goal-oriented people believe the name Brnd.n goal orientation (the character component) have different motivations for athletes and provides them the skills needed to be .And unlike some other experts as an important factor of motivation for exercise and goal-oriented character knows.For example Anshl (1993) as an important factor for Amtkhab and motivation for the behavior and stability to achieve the goal (character) defines (creati, 1983).Researchers such Lyndnrvsyt (2004), Lyvkvn and colleagues (2003), Treasure (2001) and Astynyr and colleagues (2000) examined the relationship between personality and motivation and concluded that there is a relationship between motivation and personality (Rayat, 2011). Stating that in ddition to physical and tactical abilities and professional skills, abilities and personality traits of the factors affecting sports development (Hanyn, 2000).Great Britain has created the Center for Psychology Sports Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-20), features sporty character in the form of pills or center produced 20 features and 4 mental domains stating that motivation and competitive psychological first field that includes achievement motivation, adaptability, competitiveness, imagery, goal setting, vision and generosity is.The second area is psychological self-confidence and mental flexibility that included eight personality traits,stress management, self-efficacy, fear of failure, the (process), managing stress, emotions, Khvdshbty, is consciousness.
Sportsmanship (Sports Ethics) The third area is psychological personality characterized by ethics, mpathy and communication is.Power and spirit of aggression fourth psychological personality characteristics, including aggressiveness and power is Dvvyzhgy (Rayat, 1392).Confused and Brnayler (1992) achievement motivation as a desire and interest to the overall success or success in a particular activity has been defined.Research carried out in the field have shown that people are very different in terms of the need. Some people are motivated upper level and compete with others and in so doing, to succeed, to try hard. According to the theory of Atkinson (1965), people who have a lot of motivation in tasks that earn a lot of success there has been an average degree of difficulty (vassal, 1392). The results M. Shjayy, Mohammad Khabiri, and Amir Haji Qasim showed that elite soccer players and football achievement motivation (motivation) are high in the results with the findings of elite soccer players Astvartvmyrz about North America were in (Daniel, 2002).
In a study in 1987 by Gabriel, Mavnsy and Prkynr athletes chosen to compare the championship ranks with the other athletes were it was concluded that these athletes in terms of mental skills such as confidence , control anxiety, motivation and methods of control are focusing significantly better than the other athletes (Daniel, 2002). Ebrahimi, Amini in research as variable cognitive, motivational and character, personality and motivation as a factor of two components previously agreed between the sports talent. It was clear that the talent average characters and stimulated by higher than normal sport Therefore, the motivation and personality school football players in the field of talent is a precondition for this review.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Since this study was to describe the data and does not have any manipulation of the data of research was descriptive - correlation and
conducted a field study.
The variables that were examined in this study into two categories predictor variables (predictors) and the criterion variable (Forecast
SEMS) have been divided.
The dependent variable, and the criterion variable character, is motivation. The variable contains four components of achievement motivation and competitive character, confidence and mental flexibility, practice and ethics of sport (sportsmanship), and power and
spirit of sports, including 7 sub-scale aggression and motivation variable inner motivation to learn, inner motivation to succeed, intrinsic motivation - to experience motivation, extrinsic motivation identity, the projection extrinsic motivation, motivation the outer external regulations, and is unimaginative.The study involved MARVDASHT school football players between the ages of two young people, which includes 82 samples and 80 samples of youth is youth class. A total of 162 samples were selected. For the total number of sampling and sample the entire population is considered. The SPQ-20 and SMS two questionnaires to collect information was used. The survey questionnaire was given to each of the samples 2 and 2 scores were obtained for each sample to verify Exercise Motivation Exercise Motivation Scale (sms) is used.The questionnaire with 28 questions was developed in 1995 by Peltier. Respondents should be using a 7-point Likert scale (the match did not quite match the numbers 1 to 7) specified that each of the 28 questions posed to what extent the reasons for their sports activities It points to. Pelletier and colleagues 6 subscale questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was high and between 74 /. 80 /. The researcher also reported .. Cronbach's alpha coefficient on 40 samples obtained from Marvdasht city football schools, the results were good in others, except in the case of external regulations:
According to the Institute companion test to verify the validity of this test, factor analysis was used.The results confirmed the presence of seven operating at this scale proved its validity. Personality Inventory spq- 20)) to measure personality traits and psychological aspects of sports performance athletes and coaches is
designedAnd feature 20 sports in four areas of mental and personality trait is studiedThis questionnaire is very useful information in relation to mental process, cognitive, emotional, and mental skills provides an athlete. The main purpose of this questionnaire is to help athletes psychological and personality dimension related Table 1: levels of alpha obtained for each of the indicators of research
Cronbach's alpha Variable Cronbach's alpha Variable
811 /
0 The projection 0/728 awareness
631 /
0 External regulations 0/803 Success
703 /
0 Unmotivated 0/860 Motivation
experiences 858
/ 0
The entire questionnaire
(motivation)
814 /
to your performance recognized and thus improve their performance.the 8927 questionnaire on athletes and the results confirmed its reliability. In order to check the validity of the tests of face and content validity and is used for this purpose after submitting the questionnaire to professors of psychology and physical education content and face validity was confirmed. Results for the
statistical analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the first section, analysis and descriptive analysis of frequency tables and graphs are provided for in section the second to get the relationship between the motives and character of Spearman's rank correlation was used.In relation to the relationship is one-sided.
In order to compare the mean nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests were used. In order to analyze the data and graphs of statistical software SPSS and excel soft is used. In order to check the normality of test data k-s (KS) was used and it was not normal data.
RESULTS
According to Table 2, the mean and standard deviation of motivation in adolescents and young adults has been found between the two groups. Groups of young people less mean and standard deviation more in incentives ranging sports and youth group means and standard deviations greater sporting character of the show.
Table 2 describes the mean and standard deviation of motivation and Shykhsyt in different age groups
Standard deviation average Group Variable
7 /
26 124 /1 teenagers
moivaion
3 /
26 137 /2 young adults
60 /
1 27/24 teenagers
personality
13 /
1 26/80 young adults
Exercise Motivation in all subscales except for the reluctance among young people, more
motivated than the teenagers showed But reluctance in adolescents than in young people Table 3: Average Exercise Motivation subscale of the different groups of adolescents and young adults
average
sport Motivation subscales
total young
adults
teenagers
20/38 21/01 19/76 Intrinsic motivation - to know 20/38 21/57 19/21 Intrinsic motivation to succeed
21/98 23/85 20/15 Intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation 21/43 21/56 18/56 Extrinsic motivation and identity
20/04 22/88 20/01 The outer and inner motivation projection 15/93 16/16 15/71 Extrinsic motivation and external regulation 10/46 10/21 10/70 Extrinsic motivation and external regulation
Table 4: subscales of personality in adolescents and young adults
Standard deviation average subscales group
0/81 6/19 Power & Aggressiveness
teenagers
0/84 7/30 Interaction & Sportsmanship 0/32 6/53 Confidence & Resilience 0/54 7/20 Competitive and achievement
motivation 0/67 6/14 Power & Aggressiveness
young adults
0/65 7/11 Interaction & Sportsmanship 0/30 6/35 Confidence & Resilience 0/48 7/18 Competitive and achievement
Inferential findings
First, in order to test hypotheses, correlations between variables are reported. The first condition parametric tests Normal distribution
of data, so the first normalization variable data of research.
Natural evaluate distribution of variables
To verify the normal distribution of data variables, research Kolmogrov-Smirnov test was used. The results of which are shown in Table 5:
Table 5: Normal distribution of variables according to Kolmogrov-Smirnov test
sig z Variable
152 /
0 1/13 personality
001 /
0 1/97 Power & Aggressiveness
023 /
0 1/49 Interaction & Sportsmanship
050 /
0 1/35 Confidence & Resilience
145 /
0 1/14 Competitive and achievement motivation
014 /
0 1/57 motivation
Testing hypotheses: Solidarity
Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between personality and motivation. Hypothesis 2: the power Vprkhashgry, and there is a significant motivational factors. Hypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between sportsmanship and motivation.
Hypothesis 4: between confidence and mental flexibility, and motivation There is a significant relationship.
H5: between achievement motivation and competitiveness, and there is a significant motivational factors.
Table 6: Spearman correlation coefficient between personality traits and motivation
R r
m
ot
h
vat
io
n
Variable
0/320 0/079 personality
*
0
/ 039 0 / -162 Power & Aggressiveness 0
/ 038 0 / 163 Interaction & Sportsmanship 033
/ 0
*
0
/ 168 Confidence & Resilience 0
/ 649 0 / 036 Competitive and achievement motivation N=162 , p=0.05
The above table shows results Hypothesis 2 and 4 are only meaningful And no significant relationship between other assumptions and factors related to its sporting character correlation there with sports motivation.
Hypothesis: Comparison of Average
Hypothesis 1: The mean sporty character with the youth group there is a significant difference
with young people.
Hypothesis 2: Exercise Motivation mean there is a significant difference in the youth group. Table 7: Mann-Whitney U personality and motivational variables in two groups of
teenagers and young adults
Variable group
average sig
personaliy teenagers
24 / 27 06
/ 0
young adults 80
/ 26
motivaion teenagers
1 / 124 001
/ 0
**
young adults 2
/ 137
N= 162 , p= 0.05
According to Table 7 In comparing means (I-Whitney U) was found significantly higher than the 5% level, so it can be concluded that the average person in the group of adolescents and young people is not statistically significant, but
the difference is related to sports motivation in different age groups is statistically significant.
Hypothesis: Regression:
Hypothesis 2: variable power and spirit of aggression is the predictive power of motivation
Hypothesis 3: variable predictive power of motivation is sportsmanship
Hypothesis 4: variable flexibility confidence and mental strength to predict its motivation H5: changing competitive and predictive power of motivation is motivation.
CONCLUSION
In this hypothesis, the researchers seek to answer Prssh¬Hayy that in the beginning it was Rvbrvshdh and thus to test them. The more Results from test hypotheses explored placed one after the other, the analysis will be discussed.The first hypothesis test shows that the correlation between sporting character and motivation there is no school football players that were not consistent with the prediction. With the addition of the words of Peter Murphy (2000), researchers like Lyndnrvsyt (2004), Lyvkvnn and colleagues (2003), Treasure and colleagues, Malta and Feltz (2001), Steinberg al. (2000) Zaharydys and Biddle (2000) also pointed out that the relationship between these two variables were not consistent.The second hypothesis test shows that the correlation between power and spirit of aggressiveness school football players and there is little motivation negative correlation with intensity The findings of Peter Murphy (2000) agrees that states that the association has a lot of motivation to ShkhssytAnd if a person has an aggressive character and the motive power of life achieved in this type of character.The third hypothesis suggests that the correlation between sportsmanship (practice and ethics of sports) school football players and their motivation is positively correlated with low intensity, getting the motivation sportsmanship more players show and vice versa.These findings are consistent with the findings of the addition of
the words spoken by Peter Murphy (2000), and essayists Lyndnrvsyt (2004), Lyvkvnn and colleagues (2003), Treasure and colleagues, Malta and Feltz (2001), Steinberg et al. (2000) Zaharydys and Biddle (2000) is consistent.The fourth hypothesis test shows correlation between confidence and mental flexibility school football players and their motivation was positively associated with low intensity and is equal to 168/0.these findings are also predictions and findings researcher Peter Murphy (2000) and researchers like Lyndnrvsyt (2004), due to the lack of consistent Dasht.mhqq sports personality Inventory knows who has failed componentthe operating ratio. based on research findings and hypothesis testing between achievement motivation and competitive (as a sub-scale sporting character) school football players and their motivation that this relationship was not seen with the findings of the Peter Murphy (2000), researchers like Lyndnrvsyt (2004), Lyvkvnn and colleagues (2003), Treasure and colleagues, Malta and Feltz (2001 ), Steinberg et al. (2000) Zaharydys and Biddle (2000) is inconsistent.
According to the study findings and test comparing means (I-Whitney U) was found between the sporty character of the city school football players evaluated in two age groups there was no significant difference adolescents and young adults ages changed with the change in players create characters have not been and remains almost constant character. According to Table 8: Regression coefficient between personality traits and motivational variable
F sig R
predictions
Predictive
m
ot
ivat
ion
747 /
0 0/389 0/288 personality
64 /
5 0/019** 0 / 185 Power & Aggressiveness
39 /
8 0/004** 0/223 Interaction & Sportsmanship
501 /
4 0/035** 0 / 165 Confidence & Resilience
054 /
0 0/816 0 / 018 Confidence & Resilience
the study findings and test comparing means (I-Whitney U) sports motivation of young player’s junior class was over and there was a significant difference. consider. Sportsmanship (practice and ethics of sports) sports player football schools have predictive power of motivation. Self-esteem and mental flexibility predictive power of sport motivation is the school football players. Sportsmanship and power in the equation predicted the greatest impact on the motivation of sports. Coaches, sports teams, especially football school administrators should be aware of your player character motivational features. Sports administrators should take advantage of the results of such research and the implementation of the results in the growth of football players walk.
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