ɍȾɄ 621.391
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ɆȺɊɒɊɍɌɈȼ
ɂ
ɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə
ȾɅɂɇ
ȼɈɅɇ
ȼ
ɋȿɌəɏ
WDM
ɋ
ɍɑȿɌɈɆ
əȼɅȿɇɂə
ɑȿɌɕɊȿɏȼɈɅɇɈȼɈȽɈ
ɋɆȿɒɂȼȺɇɂə
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱥɝɟɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɪɟɜɟɪɡɟɜ
WDM.
WDM
.
-.
13% Q- 0,812.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: , RWA, , , ,
-.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
(Wavelength-division multiplexing, WDM).
WDM- .
,
.
-. ,
[1].
: –
, .
(Routing and Wavelength Assignment,
RWA) [2–4]. RWA
-.
-,
-.
-.
.
WDM-( ), (Bit Error Rate, BER). ,
-.
.
-. –
-, .
-, ,
, .
.
RoF (Radio over Fiber) [5, 6].
RoF ( )
. ,
.
. MSCA (maximal service channel allocation) [7].
WDM ,
(Dynamic Routing and Wavelength
Assign-ment, DRWA).
DRWA ,
, .
-– . ,
-- , , 2013, № 3 (85)
30
. ,
-.
.
, ,
. :
, , , .
-, .
,
. ,
[8].
[9, 10]
(Least Load Routing, LLR) .
LLR ,
.
(Fixed Paths
Least Congestion routing, FPLC)
[11]. , FPLC-
. ,
-, LLR FPLC ,
, .
,
(Weighted Least-Congestion Routing First-Fit, WLCR-FF) [12],
-, ( ) ( )
( )
F R W R
h R
,
( )
W R – R; F R( ) – R
-; ( )h R – R.
, .
-. , – ,
, - [13].
-, .
, , ,
.
,
, (Dynamic Wavelength
Routing, DWR) [14]. DWR ,
(Least
Congestion with Least Nodal-degree Routing algorithm, LCLNR)
(Dynamic two-end wavelength routing algorithm, DTWR).
. ,
-, ,
-.
,
WDM. ,
(BER) Q- .
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɡɚɞɚɱɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɞɥɢɧɜɨɥɧɜɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ WDM ( , )
G N L ,
iN n – ; L {lg u} – ,
( , )
gu g u
s
n – ; nd – ;
s
N – ; Nd – ; W – ,
; Ksd {Kisd} –
s
n nd.
: i i
sd sd
h K –1– i- ns nd ;
i sd
W – i- ; i
sd – i
sd
K , i i
sd Wsd
; i
sd
x –
-i sd
K ; gu – lgu - ; Wgu –
lgu - ; deg( )ni – ni
( , )
G N L ; isd – ,
i sd
K ; sd Ksd –
n ns, d
; (Osd) – ,sd .
:
sd –
n ns, d
; sd – , sd.
– :
min i
sd sd i K Blocking
sd
K K
Z
K
.DWR – LCLNR DTWR.
LCLNR ,
-, . k
(s, d)
[15]. k-
-,
( sd) w
O
h
.
,
-.
. ,
,
min deg( )
d
s
n
i i n
n
.1,
. LCLNR :
В :
) ,
(N L
G K
, Kisd, i[1,k] е{s,d} sdKsdi ,i[1,k]
В O(Ksdi )
] , 1 [ , / )
(K w h i K
O i i
i
sd
if O(Ksdi )0,i[1,K] then ;
return;
else max {1..}O(K ), sd Temp;
i sd k i
sd
end if
if Temp 2, then min [1, ]
deg( ),
j Temp i P n
i P
p
sd n P Ksd .
if P2 then Temp
- , , 2013, № 3 (85)
32
i sd x first-fit [3]. LCLNR,DTWR. DTWR .
ɋɰɟɧɚɪɢɣȺ.
.
ɋɰɟɧɚɪɢɣȼ.
.
ɋɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɋ. ,
.
DTWR ȼ ɋ. DTWR –
-. – Ⱥ, ,
.
. LCLNR.
DTWR .
while sd ;
do v sn n , c dn n , v sn n W c dn n W
if ( 0
v sn
n
W ) (Wndnc 0) then ; return;
else if
d i si in N id N n i si W W , , then ; return;
else G(N,L), 0
c d v
sn n n
n ;
( , )
G N L end if
В s di
n n
K Д ;
if s d
i n n
K then Kisd ,
return; else
s d
i i sd n n
K K , LCLNR
end if
end while.
DRWA :
DTWR
-. DRWA;
LNCLR
- , ( );
first-fit [16].
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦɟɬɨɞɚɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
, ,
-,
WDM. [17]
-: 2 2 2 2 (1 ) ( , , ) 9 L L
ijk i j k i j k
e
P f f f D P P P e
, i
P, Pj, Pk – fi, fj, fk ; D
-; ; L
-. 2 2π γ λ n A , 2
n ; A
: 2 2 2 2 4 sin 2 1 (1 ) L L L e e .
Dc( )
-:
2 2
2 ( )
( ) ( )
2
k k c
ik jk c ik jk
dD
f f D f f
c c d
, | |
ik i k
f f f
,fjk | fj fk|; c .
m f : , 1 1 ( ) ( , ) N N
m ijk i j k i j
P f P f f f
,N – .
(ASE)
0
2 ( 1)
ase sp m
P n G hf f ,
sp
n – ; h – ; f0 –
WDM; G – .
, , , ( ) : ( 1) ase ase
P P N ,
у
N – .
( 1)
P P G N .
ASE
2 2 8 e P
P z P ,
2
0
4 e
ease ease
f
P z P P
f , e f – . m e z hf ,
–
; e – .Q- , ease e P Q P P (1) 2 2 1 2π x Q
P e dx
.e
P – , P – ; Pease – ASE.
(1)
LCLNR :
( ) ( sd) w FMP R
O
h
- , , 2013, № 3 (85)
34
( )
FMP R – , O(sd)
,
-R .
Q- ,
, Q- . Q
-, .
, DTWR
-,
-– :
ln( ( i )) ln(1 sn) ... ln (1 kd)
sd m
w w
P K
W W
,
sn
w – s n.
,
isd
P K
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
20 , – 3.
-,
,
. (0,2–0,9).
random, – first-fit.
-, . 1.
0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 , –1
0 20 40 60 80 100
. 1. З
( . 1) ,
(19%) 1,5. 1
14%, 0,8 – 8%. 0,4 -
.
. 2 Q-
.
, , Q-
Q
-0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 3,5
4,5 5,5
4 5 6
, –1
. 2. З Q-
1, 2 ,
( Q- )
.
.
-, DTWR .
-Q- , , .
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
(DRWA). , ,
.
LCLNR DTWR. ,
DTWR
, DRWA.
- , ,
LNCLR. first-fit
-.
:
DTWR ,
;
; random
first-fit.
. RWA
-.
-,
1,5 , 19%,
13%. Q-
(0,4), .
-Q- 0,812.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Gangxiang S., Rodney S.T. Translucent Optical Networks: The Way Forward // IEEE Communications Magazine. – 2007. – V. 45. – P. 48–54.
2. Ramesh G., Sundaravadivelu S. Reliable Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Optical WDM Networks // European Journal of Scientific Research. – 2010. – V. 48. – № 1. – P. 85–96.
- , , 2013, № 3 (85)
36
4. Mokhtar A., Azizoglu M. Adaptive wavelength routing in all-optical networks // IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. – 1998. – V. 6. – № 2. – P. 197–206.
5. Jianjun Yu. Radio-over-optical-fiber networks: introduction to the feature issue // Journal of Optical Networking. – 2009. – V. 8 (5). – P. 481–488.
6. Gomes P.H., Fonseca da N.L.S., Branquinho O.C. Optimization of the use of Radio Resource of Radio-Over-Fiber Access Networks // Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010). – 2010. – P. 1–5. 7. Mirosław Klinkowski, Marek Jaworski, Davide Careglio. Channel Allocation in Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing Radio-over-Fiber Networks // 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. – 2010. – P. 1–5.
8. Zang H., Jue J. P., Mukherjee B. A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength-routed optical networks // Optical Network Magazine. – 2000. – V. 1. – № 1. – P. 47–60.
9. Karasan E., Ayanoglu E. Effects of wavelength routing and selection algorithms on wavelength conversion gain in WDM optical networks // IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. – 1998. – V. 6. – № 2. – P. 186– 196.
10.Birman A. Computing Approximate Blocking Probabilities for a Class of All-Optical Networks // IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. – 1996. – V. 14. – № 5. – P. 852–857.
11.Li L., Somani A.K. Dynamic Wavelength Routing Using Congestion and Neighborhood Information // IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking. – 1999. – V. 7. – № 5. – P. 779–786.
12.Xiaowen Chu, Bo Li, Zhensheng Zhang. A Dynamic RWA Algorithm in a Wavelength-Routed All-Optical Network with Wavelength Converters // INFOCOM. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies. – 2003. – V. 3. – P. 1795–1804.
13.Yates J.M., Rumsewicz M.P. Wavelength converters in dynamically-reconfigurable WDM networks // IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. – 1999. – V. 2. – № 2. – P. 2–15.
14.Kungmang Lo, Daryoush Habibi, Quoc Viet Phung, Hoang Nghia Nguyen. Dynamic Wavelength routing in all optical meshnetwork // Proceedings of Asia Pacific Conference on Communications. – 2005. – P. 178–182.
15.Bhandari R. Survivable Networks: Algorithms for Diverse Routing. – Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999. – 200 p.
16. . ., . ., . .
DWDM // - .
– 2011. – № 5/3 (53). – . 25–29.
17. . ., . . DWDM //
. – 2009. – № 5. – C. 27–33.
ȺɝɟɟɜȾɦɢɬɪɢɣȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ – ,
, , dm@ageyev.in.ua
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɪɡɟɜȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪȺɧɚɬɨɥɶɟɜɢɱ – , ,