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Modelos de crescimento de interfaces rugosas

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(1)

✳✵✴✷✶✹✸✣✺✼✻✷✽✪✺✟✾✸❀✿✩✴❂❁❄❃❅✶❅❆❇✴

(2)

✂✆☎

✢✣✘✤✚✜☎✑✍✏✥✧✦★✒✩☎✑✠✫✪✭✬✯✮✡✁✡✠✜✦★✠

✳✙✰✯✱✑✲ ❁✢✻✴✳❀❁

✲✫✵✄✰ ❁✓✶✟✱✸✷✞✰

✹✞✺✼✻✾✽✖✿❁❀✼❂✧❃❅❄✧✺❇❆✜❈❉✺❊❄✧❋❍●❏■❑✹▼▲✡◆

❖◗P▼❘✑❙❍❚✓❯✙❖❉❱✙❲❳❖❨❲

❱✑❖❉❙❍❱✑❩

✳✵✸✣✺❏✸ ✴❭❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✴✷✿✩✴❵❴✴❜❛ ❈❜✶❝✷✯✲❡❞ ❁✓✶✟✵✄✰✯✵✆✲❣❢▼✲❡✵✆✲❡❞✄✰✯✱❨✵✆✲❣❤✐✶ ❈❥✰ ❁

❦ ✲❡❞✄✰❧✶ ❁♥♠♣♦✲✽✷❊❂✽❂❍❏✸❁q✣r■❃❅✺❏❃s❫ ✽t❬■✴✷❍❇♦✣❃✴✷✶✑❬✩✴✷❍❏✴ ✴✬✽✪❋✜❫ ✸✉❪✇✈♦✸①✴❇✽✮✿■✽t②✷❍ ✴✸r ✿■✸

✵❳✳❳❛✼✳❥✳✆❞③✲✡❤④❢

✶ ❁⑤✶⑦⑥✤✰⑨⑧

(3)

✰ ✽❂✻✷✽✪✺✟✾✸ ❦ r■❃✹✶✘✗■✸✲❍ ❊❂✸❭♠✓❬☛✸✲✶✹✴ ✽✪❍❏❃❅✸❁❪✴❫ ✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽✚✙

✰ ⑥ ✶✛✾✴✸r■✿ ❃ ✴✜♠✓❬✚✸✣✶✹✽ ♦✓✴✷❍ ❃❪✚✗ ✽✚✙

✰✜✛✠✴✷❊ ✾

✶✹❃✹✴ ✸ ✴✷✽✪✺✼✴✷❊✬❃②✷✽✪✺❁♠⑤❬✚✸✣✶✹✽✬✴✸❬☛✽✪❃✹✽ ✸❀❃❪❏♦✲✸✉❪✣❫❏❃❅❆✷✽✚✙

✰ ✽❂✻✪✴✤✣✚✸✲❍ ✺❏✽ ❪ ♠♣✰❉❊ ✸✣❍❏❃✾ ♦✣✽ ✸❳✰ ✶♦✣❃✹✿■✸✣✺ ❬✚✸✣✶ ✴ ❊❂✴✸❪✣r✜❫ ✸✉❪✇✈♦✸①✴✷✽☞✿✩✴❇✺✼❊ ✴✸q✣r■❃✾ ❪✩✴✷✺✥✙

✰ ✽ ❬☛✸✲✺❏✺ ✽✕✴✷✶✝✿■✽❵✱✙⑥ ⑥✧✦ ⑥✛✲ ❈❜✰✩★♥✰✯✵ ♠❉❬☛✸✲✶ ✴❇✺ ❆ ✴❇❍❏❃✾ ✴❇✺✧✗■✽✪❍ ✴❇✺ ✿■✸❳♦✲✽✪❊❵❬❏r✜❫ ✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽✪✙

(4)

✫✌☞✎✍✑✏ ✞✒

✓☛✔ ✍✖✕ ✫ ✓ ✌✗✕

✘ ✜✚✙✛✕ ✫☛✒✢✜✣✏✢✌✥✤✧✦✓ ✒ ✘

✜ ✔✠✘✪✩✧✩✖✗✔ ✒✪✧ ✄✝✆✍✌✏✎✦✆❄✡✲✒✕✔ ✖✗✆✟✘✚✙✓✁✗✄✝✆✢✜✣✘✚✙✛✆✤✎✦✥★✧✩✒✪✆✟✡☞✫ ✭✰✯✱✁☛✡✲✧✩✡ ✫

❑✓⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬

❑✓⑧❑ ❞✼✸✣✶✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✿■✸ ✲ ✺❇♦✓✴❇✶ ✴✎⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬

❑✓⑧✮✭ ✲❡q✣r✩✴❉✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺❉✿■✸ ⑥ ❍ ✸✲✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✜♠☛❁❄❃✹❊✬✸✉❫❏❍❏❃✴❇✺ ✸ ✲❡q✣r✩✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽✬✿■✸ ✲ ✿✰✯ ✴❇❍❏✿■✺✲✱✴✳ ❃✹✶✶✵✤❃ ❪■✺ ✽ ❪✫⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✷▼

❑✓⑧✥✷ ✰✂✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✿■✸✹✸❀✴✷❍ ✿✩✴✷❍✺✱ ★ ✴✷❍ ❃✹✺ ❃✻✱✺✼ ✗■✴✸❪❏② ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✾✽

❑✓⑧✥✷✜⑧❅▼ ✲❀✿❄❃✹✺⑦❫✾❁✸❁❪✜♦✲❃ ✴☞✿■✸❀✿■✽✪❃❅✺✛❫ ✸✣❍❏❊✬✽✪✺ ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴✷❍ ✸✲✺✚❃ ✴ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽❄✸ ★❅✼✍✴❭❪■❃✹✺ ✽✸❫ ❍■✾✽ ❬■❃♦✲✴ ▼✾❆

❑✓⑧✥✷✜⑧❑ ✶ ❪✕❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✣✺✼✿ ✽✬✸✣✺✖❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ❫❏❍ ✴✸❪ ✺❏❃✹✸✉❪✴❫ ✸❀✸✲❊❈❇❊❉ ▼ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✾❋

❑✓⑧✥✷✜⑧✮✭ ✶ ❪✕❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✣✺✼✿ ✽✬✸✣✺✖❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ✸✣✺✖❫ ✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪ ✴✷❍✾ ❃✹✽ ✸✲❊●❇✗❉ ▼ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ❑❂✭

❑✓⑧❍✬ ✲✝✛✸✣❃❫❏✽✪✺ ✿■✸✆❫ ✴✷❊❂✴✸❪✚✗ ✽✮✭❏❪■❃❫❏✽❨⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ❑■✷

❏ ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✠✁☛✡✬✄✰✆✍✌✏✎✦✆✟✡✓✒✕✔✠✖✗✆✟✘✚✙✛✁ ✄✰✆✢✜✲✘✚✙✓✆✟✎✦✥★✧■✒✪✆❄✡ ★▲❑

✭✜⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ❑❂✽

✭✜⑧❑ ✵ ✸❁❬☛✽✪✺❏❃⑦✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ✰❉✶✹✸✓✴ ❫✱✾✽✪❍ ❃ ✴✎✱✤❤ ✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽ ✵❥✰ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ❑❂✽

✭✜⑧✮✭ ❤ ✽❄✿ ✸✲✶✹✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❞ ✸✲✶✹✴■✿ ✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽❂❁✓r✜❬✚✸✣❍ ✭✏♦✣❃✴✷✶▼✱ ✲◆✳ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ❑❂❆

(5)

✭✜⑧✥✷ ❤ ✽❄✿ ✸✲✶✹✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❞ ✸❁♦✉r■✺ ✴❖✱ ✸✹✸ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✭❂✷

✭✜⑧✥✷✜⑧❅▼ ❁❄❃❅❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✸✲❊●❇❖❉ ❑ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✭ ❆

✭✜⑧❍✬ ❤ ✽❄✿ ✸✲✶✹✽☞✿■✸ ✵ ✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽✂✁ ✴✷✶✾

✺✖❫❏❃♦✲✴✹✱ ✵✄✁ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷✪▲

✭✜⑧✮✽ ⑥ ✶✴✷✺ ✺❏✸✲✺ ✿■✸ ❛❥❪■❃❅❆✷✸✲❍❏✺❏✴✷✶✹❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷ ✬

☎ ✆✞✝✠✟☛✡☞✡✌✟✎✍✑✏✒✝ ✘✝✧✗✆✑✓ ✭✝✧◆✤✒

✧■✁✕✔✗✖✙✘ ☎ ❑

✷❏⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷ ✽

✷❏⑧❑ ✳ ✿■❃✹✴✸②✪❍ ✴❇❊ ✴ ✿ ✸ ✛✠✴❇✺❏✸✲✺ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷ ✽

✷❏⑧✮✭ ✳ ❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽✮★ ✻ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷✛✚

✷❏⑧✥✷ ✳ ❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽ ✰❧❢ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧●✷ ❆

✷❏⑧❍✬ ✳ ❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽✢✜✄✸✏❁ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬✟▼

✷❏⑧✮✽ ✰ ❍❇②✸r■❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✲ ✺❇♦✲✴✷✶ ✴ ❬✩✴✷❍❏✴ ✽ ♦✣❍❏✽✪✺ ✺❏✽✛❆✪✸✣❍❉✸✣❊❈❇❖❉ ▼❧⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬❂✭

✷❏⑧✣✚ ✰ ❍❇②✸r■❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✲ ✺❇♦✲✴✷✶ ✴ ❬✩✴✷❍❏✴✢✤✦✥★✧✪✩✬✫✭✩✯✮✱✰

✲✴✳

⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬ ✬

✫ ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✠✁ ✒✪✁☛✖ ✫✮✆✟✞ ✧✶✵☎✧◆✤✒

✧ ✁ ✫✮✆✟✡✣✙✛✎✑✔✙✛✧ ✫✸✷

✬✓⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬✠✚

✬✓⑧❑ ✵ ✸✲✺❇♦✣❍❏❃⑦✈♦✸①✴✷✽☞✿■✽☞❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬✠✚

✬✓⑧✮✭ ⑥ ✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿ ✸ ✸✣✺❇♦✲✴✷✶ ✴ ✸✲❊ ❇❊❉ ▼ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ✬❂❆

✬✓⑧✥✷ ⑥ ✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿ ✽ ✲ ✺⑦❫ ✴✷✿■✽✬✳✰❍ ✴✸❪■✺ ❃✹✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✏✸✣❊ ❁❄❃❅✺✖❫ ✸✣❊ ✴❇✺

❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸✣✺ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✽❄▼

✬✓⑧❍✬ ✲ ✺⑦❫ ✴✷✿ ✽❵❫❏❍ ✴✸❪■✺ ❃✹✸✉❪✣❫❏✸❀✸✲❊❈❇❊❉ ❑ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✽ ✽

❑ ✒ ✜☛☞✄✹ ✒ ☞✻✺✽✼✾✔✿✔ ❑❁❀

✽✜⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✽ ❆

✽✜⑧❑ ❁❄❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✸✣❊❈❇❖❉ ▼ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈✽ ❋

(6)

✽✜⑧❑⑤⑧✮✭ ⑥ ✽✪❊❵❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✸✄✫✁ ✸✣❊ ✛❍r❏❪✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽☞✿✩✴ ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪ ✸✓✴✷❍ ❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧✽✚ ✬

✽✜⑧✮✭ ❁❄❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✸✣❊❈❇❖❉ ❑ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧✽✚✠✚

✽✜⑧✮✭✓⑧❅▼ ❁❄❃❅❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✸✲❊ ❬✚✸✉q⑤r ✸❁❪✩✴✷✺❉✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴✷✺ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧✽✚❂❆

✽✜⑧✮✭✓⑧❑ ❁❄❃❅❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✿■✽✬✸✲✺⑦❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ❫ ❍❏✴✸❪■✺ ❃✹✸❁❪✴❫❏✸ ✸✣❊ ✧ ❉ ❑❇▲✪▲✪▲●✺✲✾

❫ ❃❅✽✪✺ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❆ ✽

✷ ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✠✁ ✜ ✔ ✼✾✔✿✔ ❀ ✷

✚✓⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❂✸ ❤ ✽✸❫ ❃❆✷✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❆✯✚

✚✓⑧❑ ✵ ✸✲✺❇♦✣❍❏❃⑦✈♦✸①✴✷✽☞✿■✽ ❤ ✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽❵✵✄✁❅✱✲✸ ✸ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❆ ❋

✚✓⑧✮✭ ✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄✡❪■✽✬❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽ ✵✄✁❅✱ ✸ ✸ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❆ ❋

✚✓⑧✥✷ ✰✂✺❏❃✹❊✬✸✉❫❏❍❏❃✹✴✎✍✑✏✓✒✕✔✖✆✡✗✙✘✬✸✲❊✛✚❄❉✜✚✣✢ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❋❂✷

✚✓⑧❍✬ ⑥ ✽✪❍❏❍ ✸✓✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺❜✱✝✽✸②✕✴✷❍✲✾

❫ ❊✬❃♦✲✴✷✺ ❬■✴✷❍ ✴ ✤✦✥★✧✪✩✬✫

✳✙✤

✫✦✥☞✸✣❊✛✚☛❉✧✚★✢ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❋ ✬

✜ ✆✪✩ ✁☛✡✓✔ ✒✤

✧ ✁ ✆✟✖ ✔ ✔✠✒✪✧✩✖✗✧■✄✰✧✩✡ ✫★✫

❆✜⑧❅▼ ✶ ❪✣❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❣⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❈❋ ❋

❆✜⑧❑ ❞✼✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿■✽✷✺ ✸✲❊❈❇❖❉ ▼ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✛▲❄▼

❆✜⑧❑⑤⑧❅▼ ❞✼✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿ ✽✪✺ ✸✲❊ ❬☛✸❁q✣r■✸✉❪✩✴✷✺✼✸✲✺❇♦✲✴✷✶✴❇✺ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✛▲❄▼

❆✜⑧❑⑤⑧❑ ❁❄❃❅❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✸✲❊ ✶✴✷❍✖②✕✴●✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴✎⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✛▲ ✭

❆✜⑧✮✭ ❁❄❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✸✣❊❈❇❖❉ ❑ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧❳⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ ▼✛▲ ✬

✫ ✌✏✁☛✘✵✒✕✞✠✭✰✡

✁✱✆❄✡☞✆✿✖ ✆✟✎✑✡✬✩ ✆✟✒✷✙✦✔✮✭■✧■✡

✘✖✯ ❀

✓ ✂✁☛✖✗✆✟✘✚✙✛✁☛✡ ✆✍✌ ✭✵✖ ✭✰✞✠✧■✘✚✙✛✆✟✡☞✄✰✆ ✭✰✖✗✧ ✄✰✔ ✡✣✙✓✎❇✔✱✰✵✭✵✔ ✤✒

✧■✁

✘ ✘▲✘

✫✌☞✳✲ ☞ ✫

(7)

✳ ✸✣❆✷✽✪✶ r✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽❜❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✷❍ ✴✷✶✕✿✩✴✼❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ✿■✸ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✲✺✇②✷✸✲❍ ✴❇✿✩✴✷✺✰✿❏r■❍ ✴❭❪✣❫❏✸✤❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺ ✺❏✽✪✺ ✿ ✸ ♦✣❍❏✸✲✺✖♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽

②✪✸✲❍❏✴✷✶✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✸❂✴❭❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✴✐❫ ❍ ❁✸✲✺⑨♦✣✽✪❊❵❬✚✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✽✪✺ ✿■❃✹✺⑦❫ ❃❪✣❫❏✽✪✺ ❃ q✣r✩✴✸❪■✿■✽✢✴✷✺ ❬■❍❏❃❅❊❂✸✣❃✹❍ ✴❇✺✆♦✓✴✷❊❂✴✷✿✩✴✷✺ ✺❁①✴❇✽

✿■✸❁❬☛✽✪✺ ❃❫ ✴❇✿✩✴✷✺❁♠ ✽ ♦✲❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✷❍ ✴✷✶ ✿✩✴✗❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸ ❃❪■✿■❃♦✓✴✗✴❭r■✺ ❁✸✉❪❏♦✲❃✹✴✗✿■✸ ♦✣✽✪❍❏❍ ✸✲✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✶✹✴❭❫ ✱

✸✲❍❏✴✷❃✹✺ ✙❜❬✩✴❇❍ ✴ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✷✺❵♦✉r■❍✖❫❏✽✪✺❁♠ ✽⑤♦✲✽✷❍❏❍❏✸ r■❊ ♦✲❍ ✸✲✺✖♦✲❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✽ ♦✲✽✷❊ ✽ ❫ ✸✣❊ ❬☛✽✍✿ ✸✢✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽✗✺ ✸❁② r❏❪ ✿■✽

r■❊❂✴✢✶✹✸✣❃ ✿■✸t❬✚✽✸❫✾❁✸❁❪❏♦✣❃ ✴✜♠✇♦✲✽✪❊ ✿■✸❁❪■✽✷❊❂❃❪✩✴✷✿■✽ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✟✸❁❪✴❫❏✸ ✿■✸◗♦✲❍ ✸✲✺✖♦✲❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✽✚✙ ✸ ✸✲❊ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✷✺ ✶✹✽✸❪❏②✪✽✪✺✏✽

✺❏❃❅✺✖❫ ✸✣❊ ✴ ✴❭❫❏❃ ❪❏②✷✸✮✽ ✸✲✺✖❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ✸✲✺⑦❫ ✴✸♦✣❃✹✽ ❪ ✴❇❍❏❃✹✽✜⑧✾ ❈❉✸✣✺✖❫❏✸ ✸✣✺✖❫ ✴❇✿■✽❏♠ ✴ ❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸❨❬✚✸✣❍❏❊❂✴✸❪■✸✉♦✲✸ ♦✲✽ ❪ ✺✖❫ ✴❭❪✣❫❏✸

✸✲❊④r■❊ ❆✷✴❇✶✹✽✪❍ ✿■✸✮✺❏✴❭❫ r■❍❏✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽ q✣r■✸✮✿■✸✉❬✚✸✉❪■✿■✸ ✿■✽ ❫ ✴✷❊❂✴✸❪✚✗■✽ ✿ ✽ ✺❏❃❅✺✖❫ ✸✣❊ ✴ ❫ ✴✷❊●❋ ✸✲❊✾ ♦✲✽✪❊✬✽ r ❊ ✴✢✶❅✸✲❃

✿■✸ ❬✚✽✸❫✾❁✸❁❪❏♦✣❃✴✜♠✡q✣r■✸ ✿■✸ ✭✏❪ ✸✢✽ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✟✸❁❪✴❫❏✸✢✿✩✴ ❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸❭⑧☛✲ ✺✖❫❏✸✲✺❂✿■✽✪❃✹✺☞✸ ✿✜❬☛✽✟✸❁❪✴❫ ✸✣✺ ❃❪ ✿■❃♦✲✴✷❊ q✣r✩✴✷✶

♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✮✿■✸❨r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✣❍❏✺ ✴❇✶✹❃✹✿■✴✷✿■✸tr ❊ ❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺ ✺❏✽❣❬✚✸✣❍✖❫❏✸❁❪❏♦✣✸✸⑧ ✲ ✺⑦❫ r■✿■✴✷❊❂✽✷✺❁♠ ✴❭❫❏❍ ✴✓❆ ✸✲✺✾ ✿■✸ ✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ♦✲✽✷❊✢✱

❬❏r✜❫ ✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷✶✰✸✲❊ ✥ ▼✁ ▼

✸ ✥ ❑✂✂▼

✿■❃❅❊❂✸✉❪■✺❁①✽✪✸✣✺❁♠✩❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺ ✺❏✽✪✺✆q✣r■✸ ♦✣✽ ❪✴❫✾❁✸✲❊ ✿❏r✩✴✷✺✯♦✣❃❪ ✸✧❫✾ ❃♦✓✴✷✺ ✽✸r ✿■✽✪❃✹✺

❫ ❃❬✚✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ❬✩✴✷❍⑦❫✛✾

♦✉r■✶ ✴❇✺❁⑧✄✳ ❪■✽✷✺❏✺❏✽t❬■❍❏❃❪❏♦✲❃❬✩✴✷✶☎❃❪✴❫❏✸✲❍❏✸✣✺❏✺ ✸ ✸✾ ✽ ✸✲✺⑦❫ r■✿ ✽✮✿■✽☎✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄ ✸✉❪✴❫ ❍❏✸●✴❵♦✣✶✴✷✺ ✺❏✸ ✿ ✸

r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✲❍ ✺ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸ ✿■✸✄✲ ✿✰✯ ✴✷❍❏✿■✺✲✱✴✳ ❃❅✶✵✤❃❪■✺ ✽ ❪✗✥❊✲◆✳

✸✼✴✆♦✲✶ ✴❇✺❏✺❏✸ ✿ ✸ ✸❀✴✷❍ ✿✩✴✷❍✲✱ ★ ✴❇❍❏❃✹✺ ❃✻✱✲✼ ✗✩✴✸❪❏② ✥ ✸ ★❅✼

⑧✕❈✼✽

✶✹❃❅❊❂❃s❫ ✸✛♦✣✽ ❪✴❫✛✾

❪✣r■✽✜♠❄✸✣✺✖❫ ✴❇✺✛♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✲✺ ✺✉①✴✷✽ ✿ ✸ ✭✏❪■❃❅✿✩✴✷✺ ❬✚✽✪❍✡r■❊❂✴ ✸✉q✣r✩✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽●✿■❃✘✛✸✣❍❏✸✉❪❏♦✲❃✹✴✷✶✱✸✲✺✖❫❏✽✓♦ ✴✷✺✖❫❏❃✾ ♦✲✴✏✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴❇❍❁♠

✴ ✲ ✳ ✸ ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴✷❍✉♠ ✴ ✸ ★❅✼✇⑧✑❞✼✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿■✽✷✺❀✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✲❍ ❃✹✽✪❍ ✸✲✺ ✿■✸☞✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽◗♦✲✽✪❊❵❬❏r✜❫ ✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷✶✵❊❂✽✷✺✖❫ ❍❏✴✷❊

r■❊ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄❥♦✲✽✪❊ r ❊ ✴✮❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽❨♦✲✽ ❪✴❫✓✾

❪✣r✩✴ ✿■✽✪✺❀✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✲✺✉⑧ ❈✼✸✲✺✖❫❏✸ ❫ ❍ ✴❇❋✩✴✷✶✗ ✽❏♠☎✽✪❋✜❫❏❃❅❆✪✸✣❊❂✽✷✺ ❍❏✸ ✱

✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿ ✽✪✺ ✺❏✸✲❊✬✸✲✶✘✗✩✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✣✺ ✴✷✽✪✺ ✿✩✴❀✶✹❃❫❏✸✲❍❏✴❭❫ r■❍❏✴ ✸✲❊ ✺ ❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✸✣❊ ❬✚✸✉q⑤r ✸❁❪■✽✪✺❡❫ ✴❇❊ ✴✸❪✪✗■✽✪✺❁⑧ ❁❄❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺

❬✩✴✷❍❏✴❵❫ ✴❇❊ ✴✸❪✪✗■✽✪✺ ✺✖r✪✭✏♦✣❃✹✸❁❪✴❫❏✸✲❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸ ②✷❍ ✴✸❪■✿ ✸✲✺ ❍ ✸✣❆✪✸✣✶ ✴✷❊ ✽ r✓❫ ❍ ✴❂✸✲✺❇❬ ✸❁♦✲❃❅✸●✿■✸✆✄✌✄✝✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄✾ ♠♣❬■❍ ✸✣❆✟❃ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✸

✽✪❋■✺ ✸✲❍ ❆❇✴✷✿■✴ ✸✣❊ ✺ ✽✪✶r✞✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺✆❪⑤r ❊ ✸✣❍❏❃✾ ♦✲✴✷✺ ✿✩✴✮✸✉q✣r✩✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ✸ ★❅✼❀❃☛✽❨❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺❏✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴■✱★✺❏✸⑨❪■✴◗♦✲✶✴❇✺❏✺❏✸ ✿ ✸

r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✲❍ ✺ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸❥✲ ✳ ✸✲❊✌❫ ✸✣❊ ❬☛✽✪✺❡♦❁r ❍✖❫ ✽✷✺ ✸❭♠ ✴✸❬ ✽✪✺✾ r ❊ ✶✹✸❁❪✴❫❏✽✆✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄ ✴ ❫ ❃ ❪✜②✪✸ ✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽

♦✓✴✷❍❏✴✸♦✉❫❏✸✲❍✲✾

✺✖❫❏❃♦✣✽✍✿✩✴ ♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✛✸ ★❅✼ ❪■✽✍✶✹❃✹❊✬❃ ❫❏✸ ✴✷✺ ✺❏❃❪✴❫✩✾✽✸❫ ❃♦✲✽❏⑧ ✰ ✶✸✣❊✾ ✿■✽ ♦✣✽✪❊❵❬✚✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✽ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✪❍❏✴✷✶

✿✩✴✢❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸✸♠▼♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✷✺✏✿■✽ ♦✣✽❄✸ ✭✏♦✲❃❅✸❁❪✴❫ ✸ ✿■✸ ✴✷✺ ✺❏❃✹❊✬✸✉❫❏❍❏❃✹✴ ✞✞✝ ☛✌✗✙✘ ☛✝✞✝✞❀✸❂✿✩✴ ♦❁r ❍✖❫ ✽✷✺❏✸✮✿ ①✴❇✽

(8)

✳✧✗■✸ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✷❍ ✴✷✶✕✸ ❆✪✽✪✶r✜❫ ❃❅✽ ❪✏✽✤✛✜❫ ✗ ✸ ❃❪✴❫❏✸✲❍ ✛✠✴❭♦✲✸ ❍❏✽ r❏② ✗❏❪■✸✲✺ ✺✇②✪✸✉❪■✸✲❍❏✴❭❫ ✸✣✿●❋☎✄❳②✪❍❏✽ ✯ ❫ ✗ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺ ✸✲✺▼②✪✸✉❪■✸✲❍❏✴✷✶✹✶✆✄

✺ ✗■✽ ✯ ✺❥❫ ✗■❍ ✸✲✸ ✿■❃✹✺⑦❫ ❃❪✜♦✉❫ ❋☛✸✥✗✩✴✓❆✟❃✹✽✪❍ ✺❁⑧ ✳ ✗■✸❁❪ ❫ ✗■✸ ✭✩❍ ✺✖❫✼✶✴✝✄✪✸✣❍❏✺❉✴✷❍❏✸❀✿■✸✉❬✚✽✷✺❏❃❫❏✸✲✿ ♠✏❫ ✗■✸❀❍❏✽ r❏② ✗❏❪■✸✲✺ ✺❧②✪❍ ✽ ✯ ✺

✴✷✺❉✴✮✛❍r❏❪✜♦✉❫ ❃❅✽ ❪ ✽ ✛✇❫❏❃✹❊✬✸ ❃❪■✿ ❃♦✓✴ ❫ ❃❪✜② ❫ ✗■✸✏✴✷❋■✺ ✸❁❪❏♦✣✸ ✽ ✛✵✶✴❭❫❏✸✲❍❏✴✷✶✩♦✲✽✪❍ ❍❏✸✣✶✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪■✺ ✙✪✛✽✪❍ ✺ ✗ ✽✪❍✖❫✄❫ ❃❅❊❂✸✣✺❁♠❏❫ ✗■✸✲❍ ✸

❃✹✺ ✴ ❬✚✽ ✯ ✸✲❍✺✱★✶✴✾✯✗②✪❍ ✽ ✯ ❫ ✗ ✴✷✺ ✴ ✛❍r❏❪✜♦✉❫ ❃❅✽ ❪ ✽ ✛ ❫ ✗■✸✮✿■✸✉❬✚✽✷✺❏❃❫❏❃✹✽ ❪ ❫ ❃❅❊❂✸ ✯ ✗■❃♦ ✗ ❃❅✺ ✿■✸✣✺❇♦✲❍ ❃✹❋☛✸✲✿ ❫ ✗ ❍❏✽ r❏② ✗

❫ ✗■✸⑨②✪❍❏✽ ✯ ❫ ✗ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽ ❪ ✸❁❪✴❫ ⑧ ✶ ❪ ❫ ✗■✸ ✺✖❫ ✸✲✴✷✿✞✄✢✺✖❫ ✴ ❫ ✸✸♠ ✯ ✗■✸✲❍ ✸ ❫ ✗■✸●❍ ✽ r❏② ✗✜❪■✸✲✺ ✺❀✴✸❬❏❬■❍ ✽✕✴✸♦ ✗■✸✣✺❀✴ ✺ ✴❭❫❇r■❍ ✴ ❫ ❃✹✽✸❪

❆❇✴✷✶ r■✸❭♠ ❫ ✗■✸✣❍❏✸ ❃❅✺✮✴✎❬☛✽ ✯ ✸✲❍✲✱ ✶✹✴ ✯ ✿■✸✉❬✚✸✉❪■✿■✸✉❪❏♦✲✸ ✽ ✛❀❍ ✽ r❏② ✗❏❪ ✸✲✺❏✺ ✴❇✺ ✴ ✛❍r❏❪❏♦✧❫ ❃✹✽✸❪ ✽ ✛✆❫ ✗ ✸ ✺✟✄✟✺✖❫❏✸✲❊ ✺ ❃✡✠✣✸

✯ ❃❫ ✗ ❫ ✗■✸ ❍ ✽ r❏② ✗✜❪■✸✲✺ ✺❂✸ ✿✜❬☛✽ ❪■✸✉❪✴❫ ⑧ ✳✧✗■✸✣✺❏✸ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✸❪■✸❁❪✴❫ ✺ ❊❂❃② ✗✴❫ ❬■❍❏✸✣✿■❃♦✧❫ ✯ ✗ ❃♦ ✗ r❏❪■❃❅❆✷✸✲❍ ✺ ✴✷✶❅❃❫☛✄ ♦✣✶✴✷✺ ✺

✴ ❊✬✽✟✿■✸✲✶ ❋☛✸✲✶❅✽ ❪❏②✪✺◗❫❏✽❏⑧ ✶ ❪ ❫ ✗■❃✹✺✌✯ ✽✪❍ ✵♣♠✧✯ ✸✍✿ ✽ ❪✣r■❊✬✸✲❍ ❃♦✓✴❇✶ ✺❏❃❅❊ r■✶✴ ❫ ❃✹✽✸❪■✺✮❃❪ ✥ ▼ ●▼

✴✸❪■✿ ✥ ❑ ●▼

✿■❃✹❊✬✸❁❪ ✺❏❃✹✽✸❪■✺ ✽ ✛ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺❏✸✣✺✐❫ ✗✩✴❭❫ ✗✩✴✓❆✪✸❣❫ ✯ ✽ ✵✤❃ ❪■✸✧❫ ❃♦✲✺❁♠❉✽✪❍❨❫ ✯ ✽ ✵✤❃❪■✿ ✺ ✽✤✛⑨❬✩✴❇❍✖❫ ❃♦✲✶❅✸✲✺❁⑧ ✳✯r■❍ ❊❂✴✷❃❪

②✪✽✕✴✷✶✵❃✹✺✯❫❏✽ ✽✪❋■✺❏✸✣❍ ❆✷✸❵❫ ✗■✸ ♦✲❍ ✽✪✺❏✺ ✽✦❆✷✸✲❍ ❋✚✸✧❫ ✯ ✸✣✸❁❪ ❫ ✗■✸ ✲ ✿✰✯ ✴✷❍❏✿ ✺✺✱✴✳ ❃❅✶✵✤❃❪ ✺❏✽ ❪ ✥ ✲ ✳

✴❭❪■✿ ❫ ✗■✸ ✸❀✴✷❍❏✿■✴✷❍✺✱

★ ✴✷❍ ❃✹✺ ❃✻✱✺✼ ✗■✴✸❪❏② ✥ ✸ ★❅✼

r✜❪■❃❅❆✷✸✲❍❏✺❏✴✷✶✹❃s❫☛✄ ♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✲✺❁⑧ ✶ ❪ ❫ ✗■✸ ♦✲✽✕✴❇❍❏✺❏✸ ✱ ②✪❍❏✴✷❃ ❪ ✸✲✿ ✶❅❃✹❊✬❃❫❁♠▼❫ ✗■✸✣✺❏✸ ♦✣✶✴✷✺ ✺❏✸✲✺ ✴✷❍❏✸

✿■✸✲✺✖♦✲❍ ❃✹❋☛✸✲✿ ❫ ✗■❍ ✽ r❏② ✗✢✺✖❫ ✽⑤♦ ✗✩✴✷✺⑦❫ ❃♦●✿■❃✘✣✚✸✲❍ ✸❁❪✴❫ ❃✹✴✷✶✰✸❁q✣r✩✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪■✺✚❃❥❫ ✗■✸ ✲◆✳ ✴✸❪■✿ ✸ ★❅✼✗✸❁q✣r✩✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪ ✺❁⑧✆✶ ❪ ❫ ✗ ✸

✶✹❃s❫ ✸✲❍❏✴❭❫ r ❍❏✸✸♠★❫ ✗■✸✲❍ ✸✢✴✷❍ ✸ ✺❏✽✪❊✬✸☛✯ ✽✪❍ ✵✤✺ ✯ ❃s❫ ✗ ❫ ✗■✸ ✺ ✴❇❊❂✸ ②✪✽✕✴❇✶ ✽ ✛❧❫ ✗■❃✹✺✗✯ ✽✪❍ ✵❉♠ ✯ ✗■✸✲❍ ✸ ❫ ✗■✸ ♦✲❍❏✽✷✺❏✺❏✽✛❆✷✸✲❍

❋✚✸✧❫ ✯ ✸✣✸❁❪ ✲◆✳ ✴✸❪■✿ ✸ ★❅✼☛♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✲✺ ❃❅✺⑨♦ ✗✩✴❇❍ ✴✸♦✧❫ ✸✲❍ ❃✡✠✣✸✲✿ ❋☎✄ ✴✐♦✲✽ ❪✴❫ ❃❪✣r■✽ r■✺ ❆✷✴❇❍❏❃✴ ❫ ❃✹✽✸❪✍✽ ✛✤❫ ✗■✸✮✺✖♦✓✴✷✶❅❃❪❏②

✸ ✿✓❬☛✽ ❪■✸❁❪✴❫❏✺❁⑧ ✶ ❪ ❫ ✗■❃❅✺✹✯ ✽✪❍ ✵♣♠◆✯ ✸ ✽ ❪ ✶☞✄ ✽✪❋■✺ ✸✲❍ ❆✪✸❨♦✲✽✸❪✣❫❏❃❪✣r■✽ r ✺✏❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴❭❫ ❃❅✽ ❪■✺ ✽ ✛ ❫ ✗■✸ ✺✖♦✓✴✷✶❅❃ ❪❏② ❋☛✸✥✗✩✴✓❆✟❃✹✽✪❍

❃❪ ✺❏❊❂✴✷✶❅✶ ✺✟✄✟✺⑦❫ ✸✲❊✬✺ ✺ ❃✹❊ r ✶✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪■✺✉⑧ ✳✯❪❣❫ ✗■✸☞✽✸❫ ✗■✸✲❍ ✗✩✴✸❪ ✿ ♠✵❃❪ ✶ ✴✷❍✖②✪✸●✺✟✄✟✺⑦❫ ✸✲❊✬✺ ✺❏❃✹❊⑨r■✶✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪ ✺❁♠▼✯ ✸☎✭❏❪■✿

✴✸❪■✽✸❫ ✗■✸✲❍ ✵✤❃❪ ✿ ✽✤✛❏♦✲❍ ✽✪✺❏✺ ✽✛❆✪✸✲❍✉♠❂✯ ✗■❃♦ ✗✎✯ ✴✷✺✑❬■❍❏✸ ❆✟❃✹✽ r■✺ ✶☞✄ ❍ ✸❁❬☛✽✪❍✖❫❏✸✲✿ ❃❪❳❪✣r■❊✬✸✲❍❏❃♦✓✴✷✶✷✺❏✽✪✶r✜❫ ❃❅✽ ❪■✺ ✽ ✛✓❫ ✗■✸❅✸ ★❅✼

✸❁q✣r✩✴❭❫❏❃✹✽ ❪▼❃❡❫ ✗■✸ ✲◆✳ ②✪❍❏✽ ✯ ❫ ✗ ✸ ✿✜❬☛✽ ❪■✸✉❪✴❫ ❃❅✺ ✛ ✽ r❏❪■✿ ❃❪ ✺ ✗ ✽✪❍✖❫✄❫ ❃❅❊❂✸✣✺ ✴✸❪■✿ ♠✩❃❪ ❫ ✗■✸ ✴✷✺✟✄✟❊❵❬✜❫ ✽❭❫ ❃♦ ✶❅❃✹❊✬❃❫❁♠

❫ ✗■✸❊✸ ★ ✼ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✸❪■✸❁❪✴❫❀✴✸❬✜❬✚✸✲✴✷❍❏✺ ✛✽✪❍ ✴❭❪✌✄ ❆❇✴✷✶r■✸✏✽✤✛★❫ ✗■✸ ❪■✽ ❪■✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍❏❃s❫☛✄ ⑧ ✳✧✗■✸ ❫ ✸✲❊❵❬☛✽✪❍ ✴✷✶☎❋☛✸✥✗■✴✛❆✟❃❅✽✪❍❏✺❉✽ ✛

❫ ✗■✸ ✴✷✺✍✄✟❊❂❊✬✸✉❫❏❍✟✄❨♦✣✽❄✸✏✎ ♦✣❃✹✸✉❪✣❫✢✥✺ ✵✷✸ ✯✄❪■✸✲✺ ✺

✴❭❪■✿ ❫ ✗■✸ ✵✣r■❍✖❫❏✽✪✺❏❃❅✺❥②✷❃❅❆✪✸ ✺✖r❏❬❏❬☛✽✪❍✖❫✄❫❏✽ ❫ ✗■✸ ❊ ✴✷❃❪✮❍❏✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫✼✽ ✛

(9)

☎✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛ ✌

✁✎✍ ✏ ✑ ✒ ✓ ✔

✖✕ ✘ ✗

✳ ✸✲✺⑦❫ r■✿ ✽●✿■✸✼✺❇r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✛ ✾

♦✲❃❅✸✲✺ ✸✼❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✲✺ ❍❇r❏②✪✽✷✺ ✴✷✺ ✺❏✽✪❋❂✽⑨❬☛✽ ❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✸ ❆❄❃❅✺✖❫ ✴ ✿✩✴ ❊❂✸✉♦✠❁✴✸❪ ❃♦✓✴ ✸✣✺✖❫ ✴ ❫✛✾

✺⑦❫ ❃♦✓✴❀✸

②✪✸✲✽✷❊❂✸✧❫ ❍❏❃✹✴ ✛ ❍ ✴❭♦✉❫ ✴❇✶❉❫❏✸✲❊ ❍ ✸❁♦✣✸✲❋■❃❅✿■✽ ♦✲✽ ❪■✺ ❃✹✿■✸✣❍✩✾✴❇❆✷✸✲✶☎✴ ❫ ✸❁❪✞✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ❪■✽✪✺✢✾r ✶❫ ❃❅❊❂✽✷✺ ✴❭❪■✽✪✺✚✙▼✚✱ ✚✜✛❊⑧▼✰ ❊✬✽✪❍ ✛ ✽✪✶✹✽ ②✷❃✴

✿■✸ ②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸ ❬✩✴❇❍✖❫ ✸ ✿■✴✷✺ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✲✺★q✣r■✸ ✺ ✸❁❬✩✴✷❍❏✴✷❊ ✿■❃✛✸✲❍ ✸❁❪✴❫ ✸✣✺ ❊❂✸✣❃✹✽✪✺▼♦✣✽ ❪✴❫✾❁✸✣❊✡✢✏r✜❫❇r✩✴♥✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺★q✣r■✸ ✿■✸❁❬☛✸❁❪✠✱

✿■✸✲❊ ✶✹✽⑤♦✓✴✷✶❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✸ ✿■✸ ❆ ✴✷❍✾ ❃✹✽✪✺✩✛✠✴ ❫ ✽✪❍ ✸✲✺❁⑧ ✳ ✴✷❃❅✺ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✲✺❀✴✸❬■✴✷❍❏✸✉♦✲✸✲❊ ✿ ✸✲✺❏✿ ✸❂✴ ✸✣✺❇♦✓✴❇✶✴ ✴❭❫❂❁✽✷❊❂❃♦✓✴✜♠♥❬✚✽✪❍

✸ ✿❄✸✲❊❵❬■✶❅✽❏♠ ✸✲❊④❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺❏✺ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸◗♦✣❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ❬☛✽✪❍ ✸✉❬■❃ ❫ ✴■✿❄❃✴ ✿ ✸ ✛ ✸✲❃✿ ✸ ❊❂✽✪✶❅✸❁♦✉r■✶✴✷❍ ✥✤✣ ✆✜✥☛✞✄✌✍✦✥★✧☞✄✪✩✌☛✫✧✬✣

☛✦✏✮✭✰✯✱✧✳✲✝✴ ✱⑦❤✗✁✛✲

✙✭✵✛❊♠✩✴❭❫❄✾✸✏✴ ✸✣✺❇♦✓✴❇✶ ✴ q⑤r ❃✹✶✹✽✷❊ ✸✧❫✾ ❍❏❃♦✓✴ ✸✲❊ ❬☛✸✲❍ ✭■✺✼❊✬✽ ❪✴❫ ✴❭❪✚✗■✽✪✺ ✽✪✺✶✙❆✵✛❊⑧

❦ ❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸❧❬✩✴✷❍✖❫❏✸ ✿✩✴❇✺ ✺❇r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✛ ✾

♦✣❃✹✸✲✺ ❍❇r❏②✪✽✷✺ ✴✷✺ ✴❭❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✴✷❊✷✢✏r✓❫ r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺✤❪✩✴ ✴✷✶❫❇r■❍ ✴ q✣r■✸ ✺❁①✴✷✽ ❃❪✕❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✲✺

❬✚✽✷❍ ✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴✜⑧★✰③②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸ ✠✓✴ q✣r■✸ ❊✬✸✲✿■✸ ✿■❃❅❍❏✸✧❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸❉✸✲✺ ✺ ✴✷✺✸✢✏r✜❫❇r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺✮✾✸ ✴●❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸✸♠ ✽✸r ✶✴✷❍✖② r■❍ ✴

✿✩✴ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✸⑧ ❈ ✴ ✛ ✽✪❍❏❊❂✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽✮✿■✸✣✺❏✺ ✴❇✺ ✺✖r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✛ ✾

♦✲❃❅✸✲✺❁♠✝✴ ❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸ ♦✲❍ ✸✲✺❇♦✣✸ ♦✣✽✪❊ ✽❨❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽ ✺ ✸❁② r❏❪ ✿■✽

r■❊❂✴ ✶❅✸✲❃ ✿ ✸❵❬☛✽✸❫✾❁✸❁❪❏♦✣❃✴ ✥♦✣✽✪❊ ✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸☞✿■✸❁❪■✽✷❊❂❃❪✩✴✷✿■✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✴❫ ✸☞✿■✸ ♦✲❍ ✸✲✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽

✴ ❫❄✾✸☞✽ ❆✷✴❇✶✹✽✪❍

✿■✸ ✺ ✴❭❫❇r■❍ ✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽❏♠❉✸❁❪❏♦✣✽ ❪✴❫ ❍❏✴✷✿■✽ q✣r✩✴✸❪■✿■✽ ✽ ✺❏❃❅✺✖❫ ✸✣❊ ✴ ✴❭❫❏❃❪❏②✷✸ ✽ ✸✲✺✖❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ✸✲✺⑦❫ ✴✸♦✣❃✹✽ ❪ ✴✷❍❏❃❅✽❏⑧✾ ✳ ❆✷✴❇✶✹✽✪❍✮✿ ✸

✺ ✴❭❫❇r■❍ ✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ✿✩✴ ❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ✿■✸❁❬☛✸❁❪■✿ ✸ ✿■✽ ❫ ✴✷❊❂✴✸❪✚✗■✽ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍●✿■✽ ✺ ❃✹✺✖❫❏✸✲❊❂✴ ❫ ✴✷❊●❋ ✸✲❊✾ ✺ ✸❁② r✜❪■✿■✽❣r■❊❂✴

✶✹✸✣❃ ✿■✸❨❬☛✽✸❫✾❁✸✉❪❏♦✲❃✹✴ ♦✲✽✷❊ ✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✴❫ ✸ ✿✩✴ ❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸❭⑧❣✰ ✿■✸❁❬☛✸❁❪■✿✑❁✸❁❪❏♦✣❃ ✴ ✿■✽ ❫ ✸✣❊ ❬☛✽ ✿■✸ ✺❏✴❭❫ r■❍❏✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽

♦✲✽✪❊ ✽ ❫ ✴✷❊ ✴❭❪✚✗■✽ ✿■✽ ✺❏❃✹✺⑦❫ ✸✣❊ ✴ ✿■✸ ✭❏❪■✸ ✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✴❫ ✸ ✿■❃❪ ❁✴❇❊❂❃♦✲✽ ✺❏❃❅✺✖❫❏✸✲❊❂✴✜⑧✺✹ ✴✾ ✴✷❃❪■✿■✴❣r ❊ q✣r✩✴✷❍✖❫❏✽

✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✸♠ ✿ ✸❁❪■✽✪❊✬❃❪■✴✷✿■✽ ✸ ✿✜❬☛✽✟✸❁❪✴❫ ✸ ✿■✸✻✹❥r■❍❏✺⑦❫ ♠❧q✣r■✸ ✸✣✺✖❫✩✾✴ ❍ ✸✲✶✹✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷✿■✽ ♦✲✽✪❊ ✽ ♦✓✴✷❍■✾✴❭❫ ✸✣❍ ✛ ❍ ✴✸♦✧❫ ✴✷✶

✥✴✸r✓❫ ✽❂✱✴✤✭✩❊

✙❋⑤♠ ▼✛▲✜✛ ✿■✴ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✲❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✲✸ ✿ ✸❵♦✣❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽❏⑧❵✳ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✟✸❁❪✴❫❏✸❂✿■✸✼✹❥r■❍❏✺⑦❫ ✸✾ ✿ ✸ ✭✏❪■❃❅✿■✽ ✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✾

✿■✽ ♦✲✽✪❊❵❬✚✽✷❍✖❫ ✴❇❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽ ✿✩✴ ❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸ ♦✲✽✪❊ ✴ ✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴ ✿■✸❵♦✲✽✷❊ ❬■❍ ❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✸✬✸✲✺⑦❫✱✾✴ ❍❏✸✲✶✹✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷✿ ✽❨♦✲✽✪❊

✴✍✿■❃❅❊❂✸✉❪■✺❁①✴❇✽ ✛ ❍❏✴✸♦✉❫ ✴✷✶ ✿■✽ ❬☛✸✲❍ ✭✩✶✶✙▼✪▼✽✛✼⑧ ❦ ✸✲❍❏✴✷✶✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸❭♠ ✸ ✸✲❊ ❫ ✽✟✿■✽✪✺✬✽✪✺✬❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽✪✺ ✿■✸✣✺✖❫❏✸ ❫ ❍❏✴✷❋✩✴✷✶✘✗■✽❏♠

✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✴❫ ✸✮✿■✸✾✹❜r■❍ ✺✖❫✗✾✸❂❃② r✩✴❇✶ ✴❇✽ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✮✿✩✴✢❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸✸⑧ ✳ ✺ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✟✸❁❪✴❫❏✸✲✺●✿■✸t♦✲❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽❏♠

✿■❃❪ ❁✴✷❊❂❃♦✲✽●✸❀✿✩✴☞❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ✿ ✸ ✭✏❪■✸✣❊ ✴ ♦✲✶✴❇✺❏✺❏✸❀✿■✸ r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✣❍❏✺ ✴❇✶✹❃✹✿■✴✷✿■✸ ✿■✽ ❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺❏✺ ✽ ✸✣❊ ✸✲✺⑦❫ r■✿■✽✜⑧

✳ ♦✲✽✸❪❏♦✲✸✣❃❫ ✽ ✿■✸ r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✣❍❏✺ ✴❇✶✹❃✹✿■✴✷✿■✸☞✿■✸✲✺ ✸✲❊❵❬✚✸✉❪✚✗✩✴ r■❊ ❬✩✴✸❬☛✸✲✶ ❃❅❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✸❪✴❫ ✸ ❪ ✽ ✸✣✺✖❫ r ✿■✽✢✿■✸☞❃❪✣❫❏✸✲❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✲✸✣✺

❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺ ✴✷✺✉⑧✆✶ ❪■❃♦✣❃✴✷✶❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✸ ✿■✸✲✺ ✸❁❪✕❆✪✽✪✶❆✟❃✹✿■✽ ❪■✽ ✸✣✺✖❫ r ✿■✽ ✿■✸⑨❫❏❍ ✴✸❪■✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✿ ✸✟✛✠✴✷✺❏✸●✸ ✛✸❁❪ ✽✪❊✬✸❁❪❁ ✽✪✺❧♦✣❍✓✾

❫❏❃♦✣✽✪✺❁♠

✴tr❏❪■❃❆✪✸✣❍❏✺ ✴❇✶✹❃✹✿■✴✷✿■✸ ❍❏✸✵✾r❏❪ ✸⑨❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺❏✺ ✽✪✺✯q✣r■✸ ❬☛✽✪✺ ✺❇r■✸✣❊ ♦✲✴✷❍ ✴✸♦✧❫ ✸✣❍✓✾

✺⑦❫ ❃♦✓✴✷✺ ✛❍r❏❪■✿✩✴❇❊❂✸✉❪✣❫ ✴✷❃✹✺❉✺❏✸✣❊❂✸✣✶✗✩✴✸❪✴❫❏✸✲✺❁♠

♦✲✽✪❊✬✽ ✺❏❃✹❊✬✸✉❫❏❍❏❃✹✴✷✺ ✸☞❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺✏✸❁❪✴❫ ❍ ✸ ❬✩✴❇❍✖❫✓✾

(10)

❫ ✸✣❍✓✾

✺⑦❫ ❃♦✓✴✷✺ ✛❍r✜❪■✿✩✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✴❇❃✹✺ ✸★❪ ①✴❇✽✼✿ ✸ ✿■✸✉❫ ✴✷✶✗■✸✣✺❁♠❅♦✲✽✷❊❂✽ ❬☛✸❁q✣r■✸✉❪✩✴✷✺✝❆✷✴❇❍❏❃ ✴❉✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✸❁❪✴❫ ❍ ✸ ✴✷✶② r✜❪■✺ ❬✩✴✷❍ ❁✴✷❊✬✸✉❫ ❍ ✽✪✺

✛ ✾

✺ ❃♦✲✽✷✺❁♠⑤②✪✸✲✽✪❊✬✸✉❫❏❍❏❃✹✴✏✿■✸ ❍ ✸✲✿■✸❭♠■✸✉❫❇♦✸⑧ ★✵✽✷❍✖❫ ✴❭❪✣❫❏✽ ❫ ✴✷❃❅✺ ✸ ✿✜❬☛✽✟✸❁❪✴❫ ✸✣✺ ❬✚✽✪✺ ✺❏❃❅❋■❃✹✶❅❃❫ ✴❇❊ ✴ ❃✹❊❵❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✸❪✴❫ ✸ ❍ ✸✲✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽

✸❁❪✴❫ ❍ ✸ ❫❏✸✲✽✪❍ ❃✴✜♠❄✺❏❃❅❊ r■✶✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬✜r✜❫ ✴✸♦✣❃✹✽ ❪■✴✷✶ ✸❀✸ ✿✓❬☛✸✲❍ ❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✪✺✉⑧

❁❄❃✹❊⑨r■✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ♦✲✽✪❊❵❬❏r✜❫ ✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷❃❅✺ ✿■✸ ❆ ✴✷❍✾ ❃✹✽✪✺ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽✪✺ ❍ ✸✣❆✷✸✲✶ ✴❇❊ ✽✪✺ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✷✺ ✿✩✴ ❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸

✿■✸✲✺✖♦✲❍ ❃❫ ✽✷✺ ✴✸♦✲❃❅❊ ✴✜⑧✇✲❀✿ ✸✣❊ ❬ ✶✹✽✪✺ ✺✉①✴✷✽ ✽ ❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽✏✿■✸ ✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽☞✴✷✶✹✸✲✴❭❫✱✾✽✷❍❏❃✴❳♦✲✽✷❊ ❍❏✸✣✶✴■✿ ✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽●✺✖r❏❬✚✸✣❍ ✭✏♦✣❃✴✷✶

✙▼✛❑✓♠❄▼✾✭✜✛❊♠✪❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽ ✿ ✸ ✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽✯♦✲✽✷❊ ❍ ✸❁♦❁r ✺ ✴ ✙▼✾✷✬✛❊♠✷❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽❉✿■✸ ✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ❋✩✴❇✶★✾

✺⑦❫ ❃♦✓✴ ✥❊✵✄✁

✙▼ ✬⑤♠❄▼ ✽ ✛✼♠

✽ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽ ✿■✸❣✲ ✿■✸❁❪ ✙▼☞✚ ✛❊♠ ✿■✸ ✿■❃✘✛❍r ✺❁①✴✷✽ ✥✳✗✽✷✶✘✛ ✱❝✷ ❃✹✶❅✶✴✷❃❪

✙▼ ❆✵✛❊♠ ✸✉❫ ♦❭⑧ ❤✐r■❃❫❏✽✪✺ ❊✬✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽✪✺ ❫❏✸✲❊ ✺❏❃✹✿ ✽

❬■❍❏✽✸❬✚✽✪✺⑦❫ ✽✪✺❜♦✲✽✪❊ ❊✬✽✸❫ ❃❆❇✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽☞✸ ✿✜❬☛✸✲❍ ❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✴❇✶✼♠❉♦✲✽✪❊✬✽ ❬ ❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✲✺ ✺❏✽✪✺ ❊✬✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽✪✺✄❬✩✴✷❍ ✴t❤✿✁✛✲ ✙✭ ✛ ✸ ✴❭❫ ✴❭q⑤r ✸

q✣r☎✾

❊✬❃♦✣✽ ✸✲❊ ✺✖r❏❬✚✸✣❍ ✛ ✾

♦✲❃✹✸✣✺ ✥ ✁ ☛ ✯ ✄✄✂ ✭✮✘✆☎✞✝

✙▼ ❋✜♠✱❑❇▲✵✛✼⑧

✲❀✿✜❬☛✸✲❍ ❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✴❇✶✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸❭♠✓②✪❍❏✴♥✈♦✓✴❇✺ ✴✷✽✪✺ ✴✛❆❇✴✸❪✞✈♦✲✽✪✺ ✿■✴✷✺✤❫❄✾✸✉♦❁❪■❃ ♦✓✴✷✺ ✿■✸ ✸✣✺❇❬✩✴✷✶✘✗✩✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✸ ❍ ✴❇❃✹✽✪✺✲✱✠✟ ❍ ✴✷✺❏✴✸❪✴❫ ✸✸♠

✿■✸ ❊✬❃♦✲❍ ✽✪✺❇♦✣✽ ❬■❃✹✴ ✥❍❫❇r❏❪■✸✣✶✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✸ ✛ ✽✪❍❭✈♦✲✴ ✴❭❫❂❁✽✪❊✬❃♦✲✴

✸ ✿■✸●❆✚✾

✿■✸✣✽❂✱ ❊✬❃♦✣❍❏✽✪✺✖♦✲✽ ❬■❃✹✴✜♠☛✽✪✺✯♦✲✽✷❊ ❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪ ✱

❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✴☞❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸✴✥✠✸✣✺❇❬✩✴✸♦✣❃✴✷✶ ✸ ✦❇✽ r❨❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✪❍❏✴✷✶

❫ ✸✲❊ ✺❏❃❅✿■✽☞✽✪❋■✺❏✸✣❍ ❆❇✴✷✿■✽✷✺✼✸✣❊ ❆ ✴✷❍❏❃✹✴✷✺✾ ✺ ❃❫ r■✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺✶✙❑❄▼ ✛✼⑧

✰✛❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✾ ✿ ✸ ❊❂❃♦✲❍❏✽✷✺❇♦✲✽✸❬■❃✴✼✿■✸✛❫ r❏❪ ✸✲✶✴❇❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽✴✥✦✞ ✄✫✧☞✘✣✘ ✭✮✘✆☎ ✯ ✍✖✘✣✘ ☛ ✥✭✮✘✆☎✚✣ ✭ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞ ✄✝✆✝✏✮✴ ✱ ❁❄✳❥❤

♠✸♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴■✱

❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺✼✴✸r✜❫❏✽❂✱ ✴ ✭✏❪■✺ ✿✩✴ ❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸☞✛✽✷❍ ✴✷❊ ✽✪❋■✺ ✸✲❍ ❆❇✴✷✿ ✽✪✺❉✸✣❊ ✸ ✿✜❬☛✸✲❍ ❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✷✺✼✿ ✸✏✴ ❫ ✴✸q✣r■✸ ❃✲❁✽ ❪■❃♦✣✽ ✸✲❊

✺❇r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✛ ✾

♦✣❃✹✸✼✿■✸❜②✷❍ ✴✤✭❏❫❏✸ ✙❑✪❑ ✛☛✸❉✿■✸✍✛ ✸✣❍❏❍❏✽✾✙❑❂✭✜✛☛✸ ✸✣❊ ❬ ❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✲✺ ✺❏✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✿ ✸❁❬☛✽✪✺❏❃⑦✈♦✸①✴✷✽✏✿■✸❉❆❇✴✸❬☛✽✪❍ ✿■✸ ✽✸r■❍❏✽✾✙❑❂✷✜✛✼⑧

✰✛❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✾ ✿ ✸ ❊❂❃♦✲❍ ✽✪✺❇♦✣✽ ❬■❃✴ ✿■✸✡✛✽✪❍ ♦✓✴✈ ✴❭❫■❁✽✪❊✬❃♦✓✴ ✥✫✧✬✯✦✆✜✣ ✭ ✄☛✡ ✆✡✄ ✄✝☛ ✣ ✭ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞ ✄✝✆✝✏✮✴ ✱❝✰✯❢★❤

♠ ✿■✸✲✺⑦❫ ✴✸♦✲✴✷❊❂✽✷✺

✴✷✺ ✴✸❪ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✺✾ ✸✲✺ ✿■✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿ ✸✬✸✣✺❇♦✲✴✷✶✴ ✿✩✴ ❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ✸✣❊ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✸✲❍❏❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ♦✣❍❏✸✲✺✖♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽

✸❁❬■❃s❫ ✴■✿❄❃✹✴✷✶❉✿ ✸✌☞ ✧✎✍ ✞ ✙❑ ✬✜✛❊♠❉✸✣✶✹✸✉❫❏❍❏✽✟✿■✸❁❬☛✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ✿■✸ ❬■❍❏✴❭❫ ✴ ✙❑ ✽✵✛ ✸ ✿■✸ ♦✣✽✪❋■❍❏✸✺✙❑✯✚✜✛❊♠❉✴❭❫ ✴✸q✣r■✸ q⑤r ✾

❊✬❃♦✲✽

✸✲❊ ✺❇r✜❬✚✸✣❍ ✛ ✾

♦✣❃✹✸✣✺✏✿■✸❂✺❏❃❅✶★✾

♦✣❃✹✽ ✙❑ ❆✵✛ ✸❵♦✲❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿ ✸ ✭✩✶❅❊❂✸✣✺ ✿ ✸ ✿■❃✹✴✷❊ ✴❭❪✣❫❏✸ ✙❑ ❋✜✛✼⑧ ✲ ✺✖❫❇r■✿■✽✪✺●✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✾

✿■✸ ✸✲✺✖❬✩✴✷✶✘✗✩✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✸ ❍ ✴❇❃✹✽✪✺✲✱✠✟ ❍❏✴✷✺ ✴❭❪✣❫❏✸✲✺ ❫ ✴❇❊●❋ ✸✲❊✂✛✾ ✽✪❍❇❪ ✸❁♦✲✸✣❊ ❃❪ ✛✽✪❍❏❊❂✴♥✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺●✺ ✽✪❋■❍❏✸ ✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴■✱

❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✸ ✸✲✺❇♦✲✴✷✶ ✴❀✿✩✴❀❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸ ✸✲❊ ❆ ✴❇❍❏❃✾ ✴❇✺ ✺ ❃❫❇r✩✴♥✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺❁♠✣♦✣✽✪❊❂✽❳❬☛✽✪❍ ✸ ✿❄✸✲❊❵❬■✶❅✽❏♠✕✸✲❊ ♦✣❍❏✸✲✺✖♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽✏✿ ✸

❊ r■✶s❫ ❃✻✱❝♦✓✴✷❊❂✴✷✿✩✴❇✺ ✿■✸✏☞ ✧✎✍ ✞✒✑✓✍ ✥✔☞ ✧✎✍ ✞✡❬☛✽✪❍✤❤✿✁✛✲ ✙✭✷▲✵✛✼♠✟❊ r■✶s❫ ❃♦✓✴✷❊❂✴✷✿✩✴✷✺ ✿ ✸✖✕☛✑✘✗ ✭ ✙✭ ▼ ✛ ✸✚✙ ☛✒✑✓✍ ✍ ✙✭✕❑ ✛

♦✲❍ ✸✲✺❇♦✣❃✹✿✩✴❇✺✤❬☛✽✪❍ ✞✦✏✓✍✦✯✯✁☛✌✄ ✭✮✘✆☎✸⑧▼✰✛❫❏❍ ✴✓❆ ✸✲✺✾ ✿■✸❉❆✚✾

✿ ✸✲✽❂✱★❊❂❃♦✲❍❏✽✷✺❇♦✲✽✸❬■❃✴✜♠✪✴✷✶② r ❊ ✴✷✺ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✣✸✲✺✤❬ ❍❏✽ ❬✩✴❭②✕✴✸❪■✿■✽■✱ ✺❏✸

✸✲❊ ❊✬✸✲❃❅✽✪✺ ✿■✸✣✺❏✽✪❍ ✿■✸❁❪■✴✷✿■✽✪✺❥❬✚✽✟✿■✸✣❊ ✺❏✸✣❍✼✸✣✺✖❫❇r■✿✩✴✷✿✩✴❇✺❁♠♣♦✲✽✪❊✬✽ ♦✲✽✪❊ ❋❏r■✺✖❫❁①✴✷✽☞✿■❃✹❍ ✸❁♦✣❃✹✽ ❪✩✴❇✿✩✴●✿■✸❳❬✩✴✸❬☛✸✲✶ ✙✭ ✭✜✛

✸✆❫ ✴✷❊●❋ ✸✲❊✾ ✸✣❊ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✸✲❍❏❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸❀✸✲✶❅✸✉❫❏❍❏✽✟✿■✸❁❬☛✽✪✺❏❃⑦✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ✙✭ ✷✬✛❊⑧

✵ ✽❣❬✚✽ ❪✴❫❏✽✍✿■✸ ❆✟❃✹✺⑦❫ ✴ ❫ ✸ ✽✪❍❏❃✾ ♦✲✽❏♠❡❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺❏✺ ✽✪✺ ✿ ✸ ♦✣❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ❬✚✽✟✿■✸✲❊ ✺❏✸✲❍✬✿■✸✣✺❇♦✲❍ ❃❫❏✽✪✺ ❬✚✽✪❍☞✸✉q⑤r■✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺

✿■❃✘✛ ✸✣❍❏✸✉❪❏♦✲❃✹✴✷❃✹✺✬✸✲✺⑦❫ ✽⑤♦☎✾✴✷✺⑦❫ ❃♦✲✴✷✺tq✣r■✸ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦❁r■❍❏✴✷❊ ✿■✸✲✺✖♦✲❍ ✸✣❆✪✸✣❍ ✴✷✺ ✢❏r✜❫ r✩✴❉✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺✮✸ ✿❄❃✹✺⑦❫ ✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✲✺❨❪✩✴✍✺❇r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✛ ✾

♦✲❃❅✸✸⑧

✳ ✴❇❃✹✺ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ❬☛✽✟✿■✸✲❊ ✺❏✸✣❍ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍❏✸✣✺❁♠✇♦✣✽✪❊✬✽✢✴✢✸✉q✣r✩✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ✿■✸ ✿ ❃✘✛❍r■✺✉①✴✷✽✐♦✣✽✪❊ r■❊ ❫ ✸✣❍❏❊✬✽ ✴✷✶❅✸✓✴❭❫✩✾✽✪❍❏❃❅✽❏♠

q✣r■✸ ♦ ✗✩✴✷❊❂✴✷❍❏✸✣❊❂✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✿■✸ ✲ ✿✰✯ ✴❇❍❏✿■✺✲✱✴✳ ❃✹✶✶✵✤❃❪■✺ ✽ ❪ ♠✡✲◆✳ ✙▼✦❑ ✛❊♠ ✽ r ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪ ✸✓✴✷❍ ✸✲✺❁♠★♦✣✽✪❊✬✽ ✴

✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✿■✸❊✸ ✴❇❍❏✿✩✴✷❍✲✱ ★✵✴✷❍❏❃❅✺❏❃✻✱✲✼ ✗✩✴✸❪❏② ✙✭ ✬✜✛✞♦✲✽ ❪✪✗■✸❁♦✣❃✹✿✩✴t♦✣✽✪❊✬✽ ✸❁q✣r✩✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ✸ ★❅✼✇⑧❉✲❡q✣r✩✴❉✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺ ✿■✸⑨♦✣❍❏✸✲✺✖♦✲❃✱

❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ✿ ✸ ✭✏❪■✸✣❊ ✴❇✺✇♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸✲✺✵✿■✸✤r❏❪ ❃❅❆✪✸✣❍❏✺❏✴✷✶✹❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸❭⑧▼✳ ✺ ✸ ✿✓❬✚✽✟✸❁❪✴❫ ✸✣✺▼q✣r■✸ ✿■✸ ✭✏❪■✸✣❊ ✽✪✺✞♦✲✽✪❊❵❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺

✸✲✺⑦❫✱✾✴❭❫❏❃♦✲✽ ✸✬✿■❃❪ ❁✴✷❊❂❃♦✲✽✮✿■✴ ❍✖r❏②✪✽✪✺ ❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸ ❬✚✽✟✿■✸✲❊ ✺❏✸✲❍ ✽✪❋✜❫❏❃✹✿■✽✷✺ ✿✩✴✷✺ ✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✓❆ ✸✣✺✏✿✾ ✸❂✴❭❪ ✴✷✶✹❃❅✺❏✸●✿✾ ✸t❢✩✽ r■❍ ❃✹✸✣❍❁♠

❬✩✴✷❍❏✴ ✴✷✺ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✶✹❃❪ ✸✓✴✷❍ ✸✲✺❁♠✤✸❥②✪❍❇r✜❬✚✽✏✿■✸❉❍ ✸❁❪■✽✷❍❏❊❂✴✷✶✹❃☞✠✓✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽❏♠ ❬✩✴❇❍ ✴ ✴ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽❖✸ ★❅✼ ✸✣❊ ❇❊❉ ▼ ⑧★✲ ❊

❊ r■❃s❫ ✽✪✺ ♦✲✴✷✺❏✽✪✺✉♠✩✽✪✺ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✲✺✼✺✩✾✽✬✺❁①✴✷✽✬✽✪❋✜❫❏❃✹✿■✽✷✺ ✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✼✿✾ ✸ ✺ ✽✪✶r✞✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺❥❪✣r■❊ ✸✲❍✾ ❃♦✲✴✷✺❁⑧

✲ ✺✖❫ ✸✡❫ ❍❏✴✷❋✩✴✷✶✘✗■✽✼✴✸❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸✉❪✣❫ ✴ ❍❏✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿ ✽✪✺✵✿ ✸ ✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ♦✲✽✪❊❵❬❏r✜❫ ✴✸♦✲❃❅✽ ❪✩✴✷✶✕✿■✸ ❊✬✽❄✿■✸✣✶✹✽✪✺☎✿ ✸ ♦✣❍❏✸✲✺✖♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✽

✿■✸ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✲❍ ✛✠✴✸♦✲✸✣✺ ❍❇r✜②✪✽✪✺ ✴❇✺❁⑧▼✲ ❊ ②✪✸✣❍ ✴✷✶❊♠❇✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺✰✺❁①✴✷✽ ❍ ✸✓✴✷✶❅❃✡✠✲✴✷✿✩✴✷✺✙♦✲✽✪❊ ❬✩✴❇❍✖❫✓✾

♦❁r■✶✹✴✷✺✝✽✪❋☛✸✲✿■✸✉♦✲✸❁❪ ✿■✽✆r■❊❂✴

r❏❪■❃♦✲✴✐♦✣❃❪ ✸✧❫✾ ❃♦✲✴✜⑧ ★✵✽✪❍✟✾✸✲❊ ♠✇②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸◗❬■✴✷❍✖❫❏✸ ✿■✸ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺❏✽✷✺ ❍❏✸✓✴❇❃✹✺ ✿■✸✮✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✸❁❪✕❆✷✽✪✶❅❆✷✸✲❊ ❊ ✴✷❃❅✺✏✿ ✸

r■❊❂✴ ♦✣❃❪ ✸✧❫✾ ❃♦✓✴ ✽ r ❆ ✴✷❍❏❃✹✴✷✺✾ ✸✲✺✖❬ ✸❁♦✣❃✹✸✲✺✼✿■✸✾ ❬✩✴✷❍⑦❫✛✾

♦✉r■✶ ✴❇✺❁♠ ✽ q✣r■✸ ✫✖r■✺✖❫❏❃✘✭✏♦✲✴ r■❊ ✸✲✺⑦❫ r■✿ ✽t❪■✸✣✺❏✺ ✴✬✿■❃✹❍ ✸✓✈♦❭①✴✷✽❏⑧✡✳

❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍❏✸✣✺❏✺❏✸ ✸✲❊✂✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✷✸✲✺✩♦✲✽✸❪✣❫❏✸❁❪■✿ ✽ ✿■✽✪❃❅✺✝✽ r ❊❂✴✷❃✹✺♥❫ ❃ ❬☛✽✪✺✝✿■✸✡❬✩✴✷❍⑦❫✛✾

(11)

✙✭ ❆✜♠ ✭ ❋✜✛✼⑧ ❈❉✸✲✺⑦❫ ✸ ❫ ❍❏✴✷❋✩✴✷✶✘✗■✽❏♠✷✴✸❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸✉❪✣❫ ✴✷❊✬✽✪✺ ❍❏✸✲✺✖r■✶❫ ✴✷✿■✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✺❏❃❅❊ r■✶✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽✯♦✣✽✪❊❵❬❏r✜❫ ✴❭♦✲❃✹✽✸❪✩✴✷✶✟✿■✸ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽✪✺

✿■✸ ♦✲❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✣❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽❂✿■❃✹✺✖♦✲❍❏✸✧❫ ✽✪✺✼✸❁❪✕❆✷✽✪✶❅❆✷✸❁❪■✿■✽ ❊ ✴✷❃❅✺ ✿■✸❳r■❊❂✴❵♦✣❃ ❪ ✸✧❫✾ ❃♦✲✴✬✽✸r ✿■✽✷❃✹✺ ❫ ❃❬✚✽✪✺ ✿ ✸ ❬✩✴❇❍✖❫✓✾

♦❁r■✶✹✴✷✺❁⑧✤✳

❪■✽✪✺ ✺❏✽ ❬■❍ ❃ ❪❏♦✣❃❬✩✴✷✶✱✽✪❋ ✫ ✸✉❫ ❃❆✪✽✍✾✸❉✸✲✺⑦❫ r■✿✩✴❇❍ ✽⑨♦✣✽✪❊ ❬☛✽✪❍⑦❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽✏✿■✸ ✸✣✺❇♦✲✴✷✶✴ ✿■✴ ❍❇r❏②✷✽✪✺❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸❜❪■✽ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄

✸❁❪✴❫ ❍ ✸✆r■❊ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍ ✸❧r■❊ ❊✬✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽⑨❪ ①✴✷✽■✱ ✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴❇❍❁♠✤✽ ❪■✿■✸ ✴⑨❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴✷❍ ❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸ ✿■✸ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍❏✸✣✺❏✺❏✸✢✾✸ ✴

✿■✸ ✸❀✴✷❍❏✿■✴✷❍✺✱ ★ ✴✷❍ ❃✹✺❏❃✱✺✼ ✗✩✴❭❪❏②❏⑧✙✰❧♦✲❍ ✸✲✿■❃s❫ ✴✷❊✬✽✪✺✛q✣r■✸❭♠✏❪■✽☞✶✹❃❅❊❂❃s❫ ✸✄♦✲✽ ❪✴❫✓✾

❪✣r■✽❏♠■✸✣✺✖❫❏✸✲✺✄❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺ ✽✪✺✄❬✚✽✟✿■✸✲❊ ✺❏✸✣❍

✿■✸✲✺✖♦✲❍ ❃❫ ✽✷✺❥❬☛✸✲✶✹✴ ✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽❄✸ ★❅✼ ♦✲✽✪❊ ✴☞❊❂✴✸② ❪■❃s❫ r■✿■✸ ✿■✽ ❫ ✸✲❍ ❊❂✽ ❪ ①✴❇✽❂✱ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍ ❆❇✴✷❍ ❃✛✾✴❇❆✷✸✲✶✼⑧

✰ ❬ ❍❏❃❪✜♦✲❃ ❬■✴✷✶♣q⑤r ✸✲✺✖❫❁①✴✷✽✍✾✸❂❃▼q✣r✩✴✷✶☛✽⑨♦✲✽✷❊ ❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✿■✽✪✺ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✲✺ ✿ ✸❧r■❊ ✺❏❃❅✺✖❫❏✸✲❊❂✴ ❬☛✸✲❍⑦❫ ✸❁❪✜♦✲✸❁❪✴❫❏✸t❴✴

♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸ ✿■✸ r❏❪■❃❅❆✷✸✲❍ ✺ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✿✩✴✷✿ ✸✏✿✩✴❂✸❁q✣r✩✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽☛✸ ★❅✼✍✸✲❊ ✛❍r❏❪✇✈♦❭①✴✷✽✮✿✩✴✬❊ ✴❭② ❪■❃❫❇r■✿■✸ ✿■✽ ❫❏✸✲❍ ❊❂✽ ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪ ✸✓✴✷❍☎✄

❞✼✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿ ✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✺ ✽✪✶r✇✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ❪✣r■❊ ✸✲❍✾ ❃♦✲✴✷✺ ✙✷✕▲✜♠✰✷ ▼ ✛☎✴✸❬☛✽ ❪✴❫ ✴❇❊ ❬✩✴❇❍ ✴ r■❊ ✄✌✄✝✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄✡♦✓✴❇❍ ✴✸♦✧❫ ✸✲❍ ❃✡✠✲✴✷✿■✽ ❬☛✸✲✶✹✴

❆❇✴✷❍❏❃✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ♦✲✽ ❪✴❫✓✾

❪✣r✩✴ ✿■✽✷✺ ✸ ✿✓❬☛✽❄✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✲✺✉⑧ ✳✵✴✷❊●❋ ✸✲❊✾ ♠✜❪■✸✣✺✖❫ ✴●✶❅❃ ❪✚✗■✴✜♠✟✴✷✶② r✜❪■✺ ❫❏❍ ✴✷❋✩✴❇✶✗■✽✪✺ ✿■✸ ✺ ❃✹❊ r ✶✴♥✈♦❭①✴✷✽✏✿ ✸

❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽✪✺ ✿ ✸❵♦✣❍❏✸✣✺❇♦✲❃❅❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽ ✙✷✕❑✓♠✑✷ ✭✵✛✇❫ ✴✷❊●❋ ✸✲❊✾ ✴✸❬☛✽ ❪✴❫ ✴❇❊ ✽ ❊❂✸✣✺❏❊✬✽ ❍❏✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿■✽✜⑧☞✻ ✴✾ ✸✣✺✖❫❏✸ ❫❏❍ ✴✷❋■✴✷✶✗■✽

✴✸❪✩✴✷✶❅❃✹✺❏✴ ✽ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄ ✸❁❪✴❫ ❍ ✸✢✽✪✺❵♦✲✽✪❊❵❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊❂✸✉❪✴❫ ✽✪✺☞✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴❇❍✬✸✐❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴✷❍●✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✛❆ ✸✣✺✮✿■✸✾ ✺❏❃✹❊⑨r■✶✴♥✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺

✿■✸☞✺❏❃❅✺✖❫ ✸✣❊ ✴❇✺ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❫ ✴✷❊ ✴❭❪✚✗■✽ ❊ ✸✣✿■❃✹✽✜♠☎✽✾ ❪■✿■✸✬❍❏✸✣✺❇r■✶s❫ ✴✷✿■✽✷✺ ✸ ✿❄❃✹✺✖❫❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✸✣✺⑨❪✩✴ ✶❅❃❫ ✸✣❍ ✴❭❫❇r■❍ ✴✮✺✉①✴✷✽ ❍❏✸❁♦✉r❏❬☛✸✲❍ ✴ ✱

✿■✽✪✺✉♠ ✸●✸✣❊ ②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸✣✺ ✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴✷✺❁♠✚✽ ❪■✿■✸✏✽✪❋■✺ ✸✲❍ ❆❇✴✷❊✬✽✪✺✯r ❊ ✴✬✽ r✜❫ ❍❏✴ ✸✲✺✖❬ ✸❁♦✣❃✹✸●✿✾ ✸ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄ ✸✲❊ q⑤r ✸ ❬✩✴✷❍❏✴

❫ ✸✣❊ ❬☛✽✪✺t♦✉r■❍✖❫❏✽✪✺ ✽✗✺❏❃✹✺⑦❫ ✸✣❊ ✴ ♦✲✽✪❊❵❬✚✽✷❍✖❫ ✴ ✱ ✺❏✸ ❪✩✴ ♦✣✶✴✷✺ ✺❏✸ ✿ ✸ r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✣❍❏✺ ✴❇✶✹❃✹✿■✴✷✿■✸ ✶✹❃ ❪ ✸✓✴✷❍✬✸✸♠ ✸✣❊ ❫❏✸✲❊❵❬✚✽✪✺

✴✷✺❏✺ ❃❪✴❫✱✾✽❭❫ ❃♦✣✽✪✺❁♠✤❪✩✴ ❪ ①✴✷✽■✱ ✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴❇❍❁⑧✭✳ ♦✲✽✷❊ ❬☛✽✪❍✖❫ ✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✽ ✸ ✛✸✧❫ ❃❅❆✷✽✗✽✪❍❏✴✍✽✪❋ ✺❏✸✲❍ ❆❇✴✷✿■✽ ✸✲❊ ✺ ❃✹✺✖❫❏✸✲❊❂✴✷✺❵♦✲✽✪❊

❫ ✴✷❊❂✴✸❪✚✗ ✽ ❊ ✸✲✿■❃❅✽✾ ✿ ✸✣❆✪✸ ✱ ✺ ✸◗❬■❍❏❃❪❏♦✲❃❬✩✴✷✶❅❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✸☞✴✷✽✪✺ ✛ ✽✪❍✖❫❏✸✲✺✏✸ ✛✸✲❃s❫ ✽✪✺ ✿■✽ ❫ ✴✷❊❂✴✸❪✚✗■✽ ✭✏❪■❃s❫ ✽ ✿■✽✢✺ ❃✹✺⑦❫ ✸✲❊❂✴✜♠

r■❊❂✴✏❆✪✸ ✠✆q⑤r ✸ ✽ ✸✲✺✖❫ ✴✷✿■✽ ✸✣✺✖❫ ✴❭♦✲❃✹✽✸❪ ✴✷❍❏❃❅✽✾ ✸✾ ✴ ❫ ❃❪✜②✪❃✹✿■✽✏❊ ✴❇❃✹✺ ❍ ✴✸❬■❃❅✿✩✴✷❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸❜❪■✸✲✺⑦❫ ✸ ✶❅❃✹❊✬❃❫ ✸❭♠✤✽ q✣r■✸✯❫ ✽✪❍✖❪✩✴✜♠

✸❁❪✴❫ ①✴❇✽❏♠✱❃✹❊❵❬✚✽✪✺ ✺✓✾

❆✪✸✲✶❊♠✩✴☞✽✪❋✜❫ ✸✉❪✇✈♦✸①✴❇✽ ✿■✽ ❫ ❃❬✚✽☞✿■✸ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄ ❆✟❃✹✺✖❫❏✽ q✣r✩✴❭❪■✿■✽ ✽ ❫ ✴❇❊ ✴✸❪✪✗■✽☞✿■✽❂✺ ❃✹✺⑦❫ ✸✲❊❂✴ ✸✾

✺❇r✪✭❏♦✲❃✹✸✉❪✴❫ ✸✲❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✸ ②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸❭⑧

✲ ✺✖❫ ✸ ❫❏❍ ✴✷❋■✴✷✶✗■✽❂✸✲✺⑦❫✱✾✴✮✿■❃❆❄❃❅✿■❃✹✿ ✽❂✸✣❊ ❊❂✴✷❃✹✺ ❆◗♦✓✴❭❬☎✾

❫❇r■✶✹✽✪✺✼✸✮▼ ✴❭❬✖❁✸❁❪■✿ ❃♦✲✸❭⑧ ✳✗⑥ ✴✸❬☎✾

❫❇r■✶✹✽✮❑❂❃❪✴❫❏❍❏✽✟✿❏r ✠ ✽✷✺

♦✲✽ ❪✜♦✲✸✲❃s❫ ✽✪✺ ❫❏✸☎✾✽✪❍ ❃♦✲✽✷✺ ❪■✸❁♦✣✸✲✺❏✺■✾✴✷❍❏❃❅✽✪✺❥❬✩✴✷❍ ✴☞✴ ♦✲✽✷❊ ❬■❍ ✸✲✸✉❪■✺❁①✴✷✽✬✿■✽✪✺ ❍ ✸✲✺❇r ✶❫ ✴❇✿■✽✪✺❁⑧

✳ ⑥ ✴✸❬ ✾

❫ r ✶✹✽ ✭❀❃❪✴❫ ❍ ✽❄✿❏r✞✠ ✽✪✺ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽✪✺ ✿■❃❅✺❇♦✣❍❏✸✉❫❏✽✪✺ ✿■✸✄❪■✽✪✺ ✺❏✽ ❃❪✴❫ ✸✣❍❏✸✲✺ ✺❏✸✼✸✼✴❀✽✷❋✜❫ ✸✉❪✇✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ✿■✸ ✺❇r■✴✷✺ ♦✣✶✴✷✺ ✺❏✸✣✺

✿■✸❳r❏❪■❃❆✪✸✲❍ ✺ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✿✩✴❇✿■✸✸♠■❋■✴✷✺❏✸✲✴✷✿✩✴☞✸✲❊ ②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸ ✠✓✴✷✺✼✿■✸ ✭✏❪■❃✹✿■✴✷✺✄❪■✽ ⑥ ✴✸❬☎✾

❫❇r■✶✹✽✬❑⑤⑧

✳ ⑥ ✴✸❬ ✾

❫ r ✶✹✽❖✷ ❫ ❍❏✴ ✠✆r■❊❂✴ ❍❏✸✣❆✟❃❅✺❁①✴✷✽☞✿■✽✪✺✛❫❏❍ ✴✷❋■✴✷✶ ✗■✽✷✺✛q✣r■✸❀✸✲✺✖❫❁①✴✷✽❵❪✩✴ ❊❂✸✣✺❏❊❂✴●✿■❃✹❍ ✸✓✈♦✸①✴❇✽❵q✣r■✸❀✸✣✺✖❫ ✸❭♠✩✸✲✺✖❬✚✸ ✱

♦✲❃✹✴✷✶✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫ ✸❉✽⑨❫ ❍❏✴✷❋✩✴✷✶✘✗■✽●✿■✸ ❦ ❍ ✽✪✺❏✺ ❊ ✴✸❪✜❪ ☛ ✯ ✧✬✥✁♠ ✽ ❪■✿ ✸ ✸✲✺⑦❫ ✸ ✄✌✄ ✆✟✞✝✞✟✆✡✠☞☛✌✄✝✛ ✽✪❃✚✸✣✺✖❫❇r■✿✩✴✷✿■✽ ❫❏✸✲✽✪❍ ❃♦✓✴❇❊❂✸✉❪✣❫❏✸✸♠

✴❭❫ ❍❏✴✓❆ ✸✣✺●✿■✸✾ ✴✸❪ ✴✷✶❅❃✹✺❏✸✬✿■✸❂✸✲✺❇♦✲✴✷✶✾ ✴✓⑧✐✰❉❃❪■✿✩✴ ❪■✸✲✺⑦❫ ✸◗♦✲✴✸❬☎✾

❫ r■✶❅✽❏♠ ✴❭❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✴✷❊❂✽✷✺⑨r■❊❂✴✢✴✷✿■✴✸❬✜❫ ✴❉✈♦✸①✴✷✽ ❪ ✸✲✺❏✺ ✸

♦☎✾✴✷✶♦❁r■✶❅✽ ✿■✸ ✴❭❪ ✴✷✶✹❃❅✺❏✸✾ ✿■✸ ✸✲✺✖♦✓✴✷✶✹✴❧❬✩✴✷❍❏✴ ✸❁❪✕❆✪✽✷✶❅❆✪✸✣❍★②✪❍ ✴❭❪■✿■✸ ✠✲✴✷✺★q✣r■✸ ✺❁①✴❇✽ ✽✪❋✜❫ ❃❅✿✩✴✷✺✵✸✲❊ ❪■✽✪✺❏✺❏✴✷✺ ✺❏❃❅❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✽✪✸✣✺❁⑧

❈❉✽ ⑥ ✴❭❬☎✾

❫❇r■✶✹✽✌✬✓♠ ✴❭❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸❁❪✴❫ ✴✷✿■✽✪✺ ✽✮❊✬✽✟✿■✸✲✶❅✽ ♦✣✽✪❊ ❍ ✸✲✶✹✴■✿ ✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽❂❍❏✸✣✺✖❫ ❍ ❃❫ ✴✜♠ q✣r■✸✍✾✸ r■❊ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺❏✽ ✿ ✸●✿■✸ ✱

❬✚✽✷✺❏❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✸✉❪✕❆✪✽✪✶❆✪✸❁❪ ✿■✽❀✴✸❬☛✸❁❪✩✴✷✺✙r■❊ ❫ ❃❬✚✽✼✿■✸ ❬✩✴✷❍✖❫✓✾

♦✉r■✶ ✴✜♠✦✺ ✸❁r■✺ ❍ ✸✲✺✖r■✶ ❫ ✴✷✿■✽✪✺✵✿■✸ ✺ ❃✹❊ r■✶✹✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽❥❪ ✽✪✺✇② r ❃✴✷❍❏✴✷❊

❬✩✴✷❍❏✴✬✴☞❃❪✴❫❏✸✲❍❇❬ ❍❏✸✉❫ ✴♥✈♦✸①✴❇✽❵②✷✸✲❍ ✴❇✶ ✿■✸✲✺⑦❫ ✸❳❫ ❍❏✴✷❋✩✴✷✶✘✗■✽

✳ ⑥ ✴✸❬☎✾

❫ r■✶❅✽❊✽✏✴✸❬■❍❏✸✣✺❏✸✉❪✣❫ ✴●✽ ❊✬✽❄✿ ✸✲✶✹✽ ✲◆✳ ✱✲✸ ✸ ♠⑤q⑤r ✸ ✸❧r✾ ❊ ❬ ❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✲✺ ✺❏✽●✿ ✸❧♦✲❍ ✸✲✺✖♦✲❃✹❊✬✸❁❪✴❫❏✽ q✣r■✸ ✸✉❪✤❆✷✽✪✶❅❆✷✸

r■❊ ❬■❍ ✽✓♦✣✸✲✺❏✺ ✽ ✿■✸ ✿■✸✉❬✚✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦❭①✴✷✽ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍ ✥❊✲◆✳

✸ r ❊ ❬■❍❏✽⑤♦✲✸✣✺❏✺❏✽❧❬✚✸✣❍✖❫ ✸✉❪❏♦✲✸✉❪✴❫ ✸ ❴✴✄♦✲✶✹✴✷✺❏✺ ✸ ✸ ★❅✼✇♠❅❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱★✶✹❃❪■✸✓✴✷❍✉⑧

✳ ⑥ ✴❭❬☎✾

❫❇r■✶✹✽ ✚ ✴✸❬■❍ ✸✲✺❏✸✉❪✴❫ ✴ ✽ ❊❂✽✟✿■✸✣✶✹✽✯✵✄✁ ✱✲✸ ✸ ♠✑✽✸❪■✿■✸ ♦✲❃❪ ✸✉❫❏❃✾ ♦✲✴✷✺✇♦✣✽✪❊ ❪ ①✴✷✽❂✱ ✶❅❃❪■✸✲✴✷❍❏❃❅✿✩✴✷✿■✸✣✺✵✿ ✸ ✺❏✸✉❪✣❫❏❃✹✿■✽✷✺

✽ ❬☛✽✪✺✖❫❏✽✪✺ ✺❁①✴✷✽ ♦✲✽✷❊●❋■❃❪■✴✷✿✩✴✷✺✉⑧

✆✞✝✠✟

❃❅❂ ✿☛✡

❂✛❃❑✽

✝✍✌

❄✧✺❊❀✼❂

✽⑦✿❁❀❊❄✤✽⑦✿❁❀❊✺✼✽★❃❑❄✧✻✏✎ ✺✼✽✒✑✧✻

(12)

✿■✸❀✿■✸❁❬☛✽✪✺ ❃✖✈♦✸①✴❇✽✬✸✣❊ ❋■❃♦✲✴✷❊❂✴✷✿✩✴✷✺✉⑧

✳ ⑥ ✴✸❬ ✾

❫ r ✶✹✽☛❋ ✴✸❬■❍ ✸✲✺ ✸❁❪✴❫ ✴ ✴✷✺✆❬■❍ ❃❪❏♦✣❃ ❬✩✴✷❃❅✺❧♦✣✽ ❪❏♦✲✶r■✺❁①✽✷✸✲✺❀✸ ✺❏❃❪✩✴✷✶✹❃☞✠✓✴✮✴❇✶② r■❊❂✴✷✺❜❬✚✸✣❍❏✺❇❬☛✸❁♦✧❫ ❃❆✷✴❇✺ ✿■✸ ♦✲✽ ❪ ✱

❫ ❃❪⑤r■✴♥✈♦✸①✴✷✽☞✿■✸✣✺✖❫❏✸ ❫❏❍ ✴✷❋✩✴❇✶✗■✽❏⑧

✳ ✴✸❬✑❁✸❁❪■✿■❃♦✲✸❣✰ ❊✬✽✪✺✖❫❏❍ ✴ ✴✷✺ ✿■✸ ✭✏❪■❃✖✈♦❭①✽✪✸✲✺ ✿■✸ ✴✷✶② r■❊❂✴✷✺◗②✪❍❏✴✸❪■✿■✸ ✠✓✴✷✺ ✸✣✺✖❫ ✴ ❫✛✾

✺⑦❫ ❃♦✓✴✷✺❨r✜❫❏❃✹✶❅❃✡✠✓✴❇✿✩✴✷✺t❪ ✸✲✺✖❫❏✸

Referências

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