5HVHDUFKRQWKH6HQVHRI+DSSLQHVVRI
&ROOHJH6WXGHQWVLQ$JULFXOWXUDO(GXFDWLRQ
.LPLKLWR7DNHQR
Faculty of Education, Shiga University, 2í5í1 Hiratsu, Outsu, Shiga, 520í0862,Japan
6DWRVKL+RVKLQR
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606í8502, Japan
6KL]XND+DVKLPRWR
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University Studies, Yayoi 1í1í1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113í8657, Japan
$EVWUDFW)RUKXPDQEHLQJV³KRZWREHFRPHKDSS\´LVDQH[FHHGLQJO\FULWLFDOTXHVWLRQ,WLVZRUWKZKLOHWRH[DPLQH ZKDWHGXFDWLRQDOFRQWHQWVPDNHFKLOGUHQKDSS\LQWKHHGXFDWLRQDOILHOGDVZHOO7KHUHIRUHWKLVVWXG\SURSRVHVWKH K\SRWKHVLV&DQSHRSOHEHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDOZRUN"7KLVSDSHUDLPVWRHOXFLGDWHWKHDFWXDOOHYHORI KDSSLQHVVRIFROOHJHVWXGHQWVVWXG\LQJDJULFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQLQWKHLUDJULFXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHV
$V WKH PHWKRGV IRU WKH VWXG\ WKH SDSHU FDUULHG RXW D VXUYH\ RQ $JULFXOWXUH DQG +DSSLQHVV DQG SHUIRUPHG DQ DQDO\VLVRIWKHYDOLGUHVSRQVHVRIFROOHJHVWXGHQWVRQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQHDFKDWWULEXWHOLVWHGLQWKHVXUYH\ DQGDVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVV7KHIROORZLQJZDVPDGHFOHDULQWKHUHVXOWV
&ROOHJHVWXGHQWVZKRKDGDSUHYLRXVH[SHULHQFHZLWKDQGDQLQWHUHVWLQDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNVFRUHGKLJKO\RQ WRWDOSRLQWVRIKDSSLQHVV
7KHZD\WRIRUPPHDQLQJRULHQWHGVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVVWKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNZDVDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRU .H\ZRUGV±KDSSLQHVVDJULFXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHDJULFXOWXUDOOHDUQLQJFROOHJHVWXGHQWV
,,1752'8&7,21
)RUKXPDQV³KRZWREHFRPHKDSS\´KDVEHHQDWKHPHWRWKLQNDERXWVLQFHORQJDJR$VXUYH\RI SHRSOHV OHYHO RI KDSSLQHVV FDUULHG RXW E\ WKH -DSDQHVH FDELQHW LQGLFDWHG WKDW FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU FRXQWULHV -DSDQHVH SHRSOH KDYH D ORZ OHYHO RI KDSSLQHVV >@ $FFRUGLQJ WR D VXUYH\ FRQGXFWHG E\ WKH 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW 6ROXWLRQV 1HWZRUN 6'61 WKH KDSSLQHVV OHYHO RI -DSDQHVH SHRSOH DOVR VKRZHG ORZ LQ FRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHUFRXQWULHV>@)RU WKLVVFKRROHGXFDWLRQSOD\VDQ LPSRUWDQWUROHLQRUGHUWRLPSURYH SHRSOHVOHYHORIKDSSLQHVVWKHVWXG\RI³KRZFKLOGUHQFDQEHFRPHKDSS\´LVRIH[WUHPHVLJQLILFDQFH
,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHUHKDVDOVREHHQDWWHQWLRQJLYHQWRSRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJ\>@6FLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKRQSHRSOHV KDSSLQHVVKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHGE\PDQ\UHVHDUFKHUV3UHYLRXVUHVHDUFKVKRZVWKHUHLVDWHQGHQF\WRZDUGVDYLHZ RI WKUHH W\SHV RI KDSSLQHVVpleasure-orientedmeaning-oriented DQGengagement-oriented >@ 5HIHUHQFLQJ WKHVHGHILQLWLRQVIURPSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFKWKLVVWXG\GHILQHVKDSSLQHVVDVSHRSOHEHLQJDEOHWRIHHODVHQVHRI HQMR\PHQWDQGVDWLVIDFWLRQEHLQJHQJDJHGLQWKHZRUNDWKDQGDQGEHLQJDEOHWRGLVFRYHUPHDQLQJLQWKHHQG
7KLVVWXG\IRFXVHVRQWKHW\SHRIKDSSLQHVVWKDWUHODWHVWRDJULFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQZLWKLQWHFKQLFDOHGXFDWLRQ 7KLVLVEHFDXVHJLYHQWKHVWDWHRIVRFLHW\WRGD\SHRSOHPLJKWEHDEOHWREHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUN,QWKH-DSDQHVHFRPSXOVRU\HGXFDWLRQDOV\VWHPDJULFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQLVFXUUHQWO\WDXJKWDVSDUWRIWKH Art and Craft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
FRXQWU\FXOWLYDWLRQRIWKHULYHUVFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWWKHPROGLQJRISOHDVDQWVFHQHU\DQG FXOWXUDOWUDQVPLVVLRQ>@,QWKHHGXFDWLRQDOILHOGDJULFXOWXUHDQGDJULFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLWLHVDUHDOVRH[SHFWHGWR SOD\VXFKPXOWLSOH IXQFWLRQVDVVXSSRUWLQJWKHLQKHULWDQFHRIFXOWXUHKHDOLQJDQGLQVWLOOLQJSHDFHSURYLGLQJ H[SHULHQWLDOVWXG\DQGHGXFDWLRQDQGVXSSRUWLQJDYDULHW\RILQWHUDFWLRQV
$JULFXOWXUHLQJHQHUDOUHIHUVWRWKHJHQHUDOODERUSURFHVVLQDJULFXOWXUDOSURGXFWLRQDUHDVZKHUHILHOGVDUH FXOWLYDWHGDQGGRPHVWLFDWHGDQLPDOVDUHUDLVHG>@3HRSOHVKRXOGWKHQEHDEOHWRILQGSOHDVXUHEHHQJDJHGLQ WKHLUZRUNDQGILQDOO\ILQGPHDQLQJLQWKHDJULFXOWXUDODFWLRQVRIWKLVODERUSURFHVV
:LWK VXFK SHUVSHFWLYHV LQ PLQG WKLV VWXG\ VHHV WKDW OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFHV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH PXOWLIDFHWHG IXQFWLRQVRIDJULFXOWXUHDQGDJULFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLWLHVDUHFDSDEOHRIHQFRPSDVVLQJDOORIWKHWKUHHKDSSLQHVV RULHQWDWLRQVLHpleasure, meaning, and engagement+RZHYHULIWKHLQVWUXFWRUGRHVQRWKLPVHOIRUKHUVHOIIHHO DVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVVLWZLOOEHGLIILFXOWIRUWKHFKLOGUHQWRIHHOKDSS\,WLVH[FHHGLQJO\LPSRUWDQWWKDWZKHQWKH FROOHJHVWXGHQWVZKRDUHVWXG\LQJDJULFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQWHDFKWKHFKLOGUHQZKRZLOOEHFRPHIXWXUHHGXFDWRUV WKDWWKH\WKHPVHOYHVFRQYH\WKHVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVVWKH\JHWIURPDJULFXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHV
7KHUHIRUHWKLVVWXG\SRVHVWKHK\SRWKHVLV&DQSHRSOHEHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDOZRUN"7RVWXG\ WKLV WKH VWXG\ DLPV WR HOXFLGDWHWKHWUXH IHHOLQJV RI FROOHJH VWXGHQWV VWXG\LQJ DJULFXOWXUDO HGXFDWLRQ LQ WKHLU DJULFXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHV
,,$3352$&+ A. Set of survey items
,QWKLVVWXG\DVXUYH\UHODWLQJWRDJULFXOWXUHDQGKDSSLQHVVZDVILUVWGUDIWHGDQGDTXHVWLRQQDLUHPDGHIURP DOO LWHPV ZDV WKHQ FRQGXFWHG 7KH ILUVW SDUW RI WKH VXUYH\ 4XHVWLRQV WR VXUYH\ TXHVWLRQV UHODWHV WR SHUVRQDODWWULEXWHVVXFKDVJHQGHUDQG\HDUDWVFKRRO7KHTXHVWLRQVIURP4WRZHUHFRQFUHWHTXHVWLRQV UHODWLQJWRDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNVXFKDVWKHLUH[SHULHQFHZLWKDJULFXOWXUHXSWRWKDWSRLQWDQGWKHLULQWHUHVWLQLW
4XHVWLRQVWKURXJKLQYHVWLJDWHGWKHWKUHHRULHQWDWLRQVRIKDSSLQHVVpleasure, meaning, and engagement ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFK>@>@>@ 7KHVXUYH\TXHVWLRQVUHODWLQJWRKDSSLQHVVZHUHLQQXPEHU 7DEOHDOOZLWKVWHSSHGDQVZHUVIURP,WKLQNVRWR,GRQWWKLQNVR
7DEOH VKRZV WKH FRQWHQW IRU WKH DWWULEXWH DQG LQWHUHVW TXHVWLRQV LQ DORQJ ZLWK WKH IUHTXHQF\ RI JLYHQ UHVSRQVHV
7DEOH,WHPVDERXWKDSSLQHVV
3OHDVXUH
,DJUHHZLWKWKLVVWDWHPHQW/LIHLVVKRUWHDWGHVVHUWILUVW
,QFKRRVLQJZKDWWRGR,DOZD\VWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWZKHWKHULWZLOOEHSOHDVXUDEOH )RUPHWKHJRRGOLIHLVWKHSOHDVXUHDEOHOLIH
0HDQLQJ ,KDYHDUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRPDNHWKHZRUOGDEHWWHUSODFH :KDW,GRPDWWHUVWRVRFLHW\
0\OLIHKDVDODVWLQJPHDQLQJ
(QJDJHPHQW
:KHWKHUDWZRUNRUSOD\,DPXVXDOO\µµLQD]RQH¶¶DQGQRWFRQVFLRXVRIP\VHOI 5HJDUGOHVVRIZKDW,DPGRLQJWLPHSDVVHVYHU\TXLFNO\
,VHHNRXWVLWXDWLRQVWKDWFKDOOHQJHP\VNLOOVDQGDELOLWLHV
B. Target participant and conducting survey
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
7DEOH$WWULEXWHVDQGQXPEHUV
4XHVWLRQ1R $WWULEXWH /RZHUDWWULEXWHV Q
0DOH
)HPDOH
VW
QG
UG
WK
(OHPHQWDU\VFKRRO -XQLRUKLJKVFKRRO +LJKVFKRRO 0XOWLSOH &RPSXOVRU\ &RPSXOVRU\HOHFWLYH 7KHRWKHUV 6WXGLHG 1RVWXG\ ,QWHUHVW 1RLQWHUHVW ([SHULHQFHG 1RH[SHULHQFH ,QWHUHVW 1RLQWHUHVW
7
8 1
2
3
5
,QWHUHVWWRWKH DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJRI
WKHIDPLO\ ([SHULHQFHRID DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
,QWHUHVWWRDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUNLQJ
*HQGHU
*UDGH
+RSLQJWRZRUNDW WKHW\SHRIVFKRRO
6WXG\IRUPD DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
6WXG\VLWXDWLRQ
)LJXUH'XULQJDOHFWXUH )LJXUH$JULFXOWXUDOZRUN
,,,5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
A. The total score of the feeling of happiness –
)RUWKHVXUYH\UHVXOWVWKHWRWDOSRLQWVIRUKDSSLQHVVZHUHFRPSDUHGZLWKVXFKDWWULEXWHVDVJHQGHUDQG\HDUDW VFKRRO$WHVWIRUVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHZDVDOVRSHUIRUPHGIRUWKHWKUHHRULHQWDWLRQVRIKDSSLQHVVDQGIRUWKH DWWULEXWHVZKHUHDVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHZDVQRWHGLQWKHWRWDOSRLQWV7DEOH7WHVWWLVVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH RIILFLDO DSSURYDO RI WZR PHDQV DQG WKH DQDO\VLV RI YDULDQFH ) VKRZV WKH UHVXOW WKDW HQIRUFHG VLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFHDXWKRUL]DWLRQDERXWWKHSOXUDOPHDQV
<HWWKHVHUHVXOWVDORQHFDQQRWKHOSHVWDEOLVKDFDXVDOUHODWLRQVKLS7KHVHUHVXOWVdoVXJJHVWWKDWWKHUHLVVRPH VRUWRIUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVV DQG KDYLQJDQ LQWHUHVWLQRUH[SHULHQFHZLWKDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUN2QHDVVXPSWLRQLVWKDWWKHLQFUHDVHRILQWHUHVWLQDQGH[SHULHQFHRIHQJDJLQJLQDJULFXOWXUHFRXOGKHOS EURDGHQRQH¶VVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVVDQGDOVRVXSSRUWHGXFDWLRQDOSRVVLELOLWLHV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGKDSS\SHRSOHDUH FDSDEOH RI EHLQJ LQWHUHVWHG LQ PDQ\ WKLQJV DQG JDLQLQJ H[SHULHQFH LQ WKRVH WKLQJV +DYLQJ UHFRJQL]HG WKH VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHDULVLQJIURPVWXGHQWV\HDUVDWVFKRROWKHUHLVWKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWWKLVUHODWLRQVKLSFDQEH H[SODLQHGE\VWXGHQWVZKRKDYHKDGPDQ\H[SHULHQFHVRYHUWKH\HDUV
7KHUHIRUHWKHVHUHVXOWVKDYHSURYHQFHUWDLQSDUWVRIWKDWK\SRWKHVLVRIZKHWKHUSHRSOHEHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJK DJULFXOWXUDO ZRUN 1RQHWKHOHVV IXUWKHU H[SHULPHQWDO HYLGHQFH ZLOO EH QHFHVVDU\ LQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK D FDXVDO UHODWLRQVKLS
7DEOH7KHWRWDOVFRUHRIWKHIHHOLQJRIKDSSLQHVV
$WWULEXWH /RZHUDWWULEXWHV Q 0HDQ 6' VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH
0DOH
)HPDOH
VW
QG
UG
WK
(OHPHQWDU\VFKRRO -XQLRUKLJKVFKRRO
+LJKVFKRRO
0XOWLSOH
&RPSXOVRU\ &RPSXOVRU\HOHFWLYH
7KHRWKHUV
6WXGLHG
1RVWXG\
,QWHUHVW
1RLQWHUHVW
([SHULHQFHG
1RH[SHULHQFH
,QWHUHVW
1RLQWHUHVW
S
*HQGHU W
,QWHUHVWWR DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
)
) ) WK!QG
W
W
W
W *UDGH
+RSLQJWRZRUNDW WKHW\SHRIVFKRRO
6WXG\IRUPD DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
6WXG\VLWXDWLRQ
,QWHUHVWWRWKH DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
RIWKHIDPLO\ ([SHULHQFHRID DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
B. The score of three intentionality of happiness
7HVWVIRUVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHIRUWKHWKUHHW\SHVRIKDSSLQHVVpleasure, meaning, and engagementZHUH FDUULHGRXWLQWKHFDWHJRULHVRI\HDUDWVFKRROH[SHULHQFHZLWKDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNDQGLQWHUHVWLQDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUNZKHUHDVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQWRWDOKDSSLQHVVSRLQWVKDGEHHQQRWHG7DEOH7WHVWWLVVLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFH RIILFLDO DSSURYDO RI WZR PHDQV DQG WKH DQDO\VLV RI YDULDQFH ) VKRZV WKH UHVXOW WKDW HQIRUFHG VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHDXWKRUL]DWLRQDERXWWKHSOXUDOPHDQV7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGDVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQ\HDUDW VFKRRO ) DQG SUHYLRXV H[SHULHQFH ZLWK DJULFXOWXUH ) IRUmeaning-oriented happiness DQG LQ LQWHUHVW LQ DJULFXOWXUDO ZRUN IRUpleasure-oriented happiness )
meaning-oriented happiness ) DQG engagement-oriented happiness ) DOO WKUHH
RULHQWDWLRQVRIKDSSLQHVV,QWKHPXOWLSOHFRPSDULVRQVRI\HDUDWVFKRROVHFRQG\HDUVWXGHQWVVFRUHGORZHUin meaning-oriented happinessWKDQHLWKHUIRXUWKRUILUVW\HDUVWXGHQWV
,QWKHHGXFDWLRQDOILHOGXQGHUVWDQGLQJKRZWRKHOSFKLOGUHQIRUPWKHVHW\SHVRIKDSSLQHVVLVDQLPSRUWDQW JRDO 7KHUHIRUHWKHUHLVDQHFHVVLW\WRYHULI\LQSUDFWLFHZKLFKFXUULFXODWHDFKLQJPDWHULDOVDQGPHWKRGVRI HGXFDWLRQDOJXLGDQFHKHOSWRIRUPKDSSLQHVV,WLVDOVRFULWLFDOWRWKLQNWKDWWKHVFKRROWHDFKHUKDVDOUHDG\IRUPHG DVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVVLQRUGHUIRUWKHFKLOGUHQWRJDLQWKLVVRUWRIKDSSLQHVV$VRQHHIIHFWLYHPHWKRGIRUWKLVWKLV VWXG\VXJJHVWVWKHLQFUHDVHRIWKHQXPEHURIDJULFXOWXUDOH[SHULHQFHV
7DEOH7KHVFRUHRIWKUHHLQWHQWLRQDOLW\RIKDSSLQHVV
$WWULEXWH /RZHUDWWULEXWHV Q 3OHDVXUH 0HDQLQJ (QJDJHPHQW
0HDQ
6'
0HDQ
6'
0HDQ
6'
0HDQ
6'
) ) )
QV QV
0HDQ
6'
0HDQ
6'
) ) )
QV QV
0HDQ
6'
0HDQ
6'
) ) )
䠖S䚷S䠘䚷QVQRVLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH )
VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH *UDGH
VW
QG
UG
WK
H[SHULHQFHRID DJULFXOWXUDOZRUNLQJ
([SHULHQFHG
1RH[SHULHQFH ) VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH
,QWHUHVWWRDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUNLQJ
,QWHUHVW
1RLQWHUHVW ) VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFH
,9&21&/86,216
7KLVVWXG\SURSRVHVWKHK\SRWKHVLV&DQSHRSOHEHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDOZRUN"7KLVSDSHUDLPV WRHOXFLGDWHWKHDFWXDOOHYHORIKDSSLQHVVRIFROOHJHVWXGHQWVVWXG\LQJDJULFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQLQWKHLUDJULFXOWXUDO H[SHULHQFHV
$VWKHPHWKRGVIRUWKHVWXG\WKHSDSHUFDUULHGRXWDVXUYH\RQAgriculture and HappinessDQGSHUIRUPHG DQDQDO\VLVRIWKHYDOLGUHVSRQVHVRIFROOHJHVWXGHQWVRQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQHDFKDWWULEXWHOLVWHGLQWKH VXUYH\DQGDVHQVHRIKDSSLQHVV7KHIROORZLQJZDVPDGHFOHDULQWKHUHVXOWV
&ROOHJHVWXGHQWVZKRKDGDSUHYLRXVH[SHULHQFHZLWKDQGDQLQWHUHVWLQDJULFXOWXUDOZRUNVFRUHG KLJKO\RQWRWDOSRLQWVRIKDSSLQHVV
7KH ZD\ WR IRUP WKHmeaning-oriented sense of happiness WKURXJK DJULFXOWXUDO ZRUN ZDV DQ LPSRUWDQW
IDFWRU
$VVWDWHGDERYHLWFDQEHVHHQWKDWSDUWRIRXUK\SRWKHVLVWKDWSHRSOHFDQEHFRPHKDSS\WKURXJKDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGDIWHUDQDO\]LQJWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQKDSSLQHVVDQGDWWULEXWHVUHODWHGWRWKHDJULFXOWXUDO ZRUNRIFROOHJHVWXGHQWV)XUWKHUH[SHULPHQWDOHYLGHQFHZLOOEHQHHGHGWRDOVRHVWDEOLVKDFDXVDOUHODWLRQVKLS
$&.12:/('*0(17 7KLVZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGE\-636.$.(1+,*UDQW1XPEHU 5()(5(1&(6
>@ 6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW6ROXWLRQV1HWZRUN6'61³7KHZRUOGKDSSLQHVVUHSRUW´㸪KWWSZRUOGKDSSLQHVVUHSRUWVHDUFKHG -XO\
>@ 0DUWLQ(36HOLJPDQ3RVLWLYH3V\FKRORJ\&HQWHUKWWSZZZSSFVDVXSHQQHGXLQGH[KWPOVHDUFKHG0D\
>@ 0LFKLNR.XPDQR³2ULHQWDWLRQVWRKDSSLQHVVLQ-DSDQHVHSHRSOH3OHDVXUHPHDQLQJDQGHQJDJHPHQW´7KH-DSDQHVH3V\FKRORJLFDO $VVRFLDWLRQ
>@ 0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ&XOWXUH6SRUWV6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\&RXUVHRI6WXG\IRU-XQLRU+LJK6FKRROV,QGXVWULDO$UWV DQG+RPHPDNLQJ7RN\R.\RLNX7RVKRS
>@ -DSDQV0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUH)RUHVWU\DQG)LVKHULHV³PXOWLSOHIXQFWLRQVRIDJULFXOWXUHDQGUXUDODUHDV´ KWWSZZZPDIIJRMSMQRXVLQQRXNDQQRXJ\RBNLQRXVHDUFKHG0D\̘
>@ .RWREDQNKWWSVNRWREDQNMSZRUGVHDUFKHG0D\
>@ &KULVWRSKHU3HWHUVRQ1DQVRRN3DUN0DUWLQ(36HOLJPDQ2ULHQWDWLRQVWRKDSSLQHVVDQGOLIHVDWLVIDFWLRQWKHIXOOOLIHYHUVXVWKH HPSW\OLIH-RXUQDORI+DSSLQHVV6WXGLHV9ROXPH,VVXHSS