“Trabalho Informal” : um paralelo entre os trabalhadores de rua da cidade de Salvador no século XIX e no século XXI
Texto
(2)
(3) . INTRODUÇÃO. $VRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUDQRVpFXOR HUDPDUFDGDSHODSUHVHQ oDVXEVWDQFLDOGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVQHJURV HVFUDYRVHOLEHUWRV
(4) HFULRXORV QDV UXDV RV TXDLV H[HUFLDP DWLYLGDGHV GH ´JDQKDGRUHVµ ´FDUUHJDGR UHVµH´SUHVWDGRUHVGHVHUYLoRµIRUDGRQ~FOHRFHQWUDOGHHVWUXWXUDomR GD HFRQRPLD DJUiULRH[SRUWDGRUD GDTXHOH SHUtRGR PDUFDGR SHODV FRQGLo}HVSUHFiULDVHLQVHJXUDVHSHORULVFRGHSHUVHJXLomRSRUSDUWH GR SRGHU PXQLFLSDO 1HVVH FHQiULR HOHV HUDP WLSLILFDGRV FRPR ´VX MRVµ´DIULFDQRVµH´HVFUDYRVµVHQGRFRORFDGRVjPDUJHPGRVHVSD oRVGHVRFLDELOLGDGHGDHOLWH´EUDQFDµ ;,;. 1R VpFXOR ;; R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR FDSLWDOLVPR QR %UDVLO WURX[H FRPR UHODomR VRFLDO TXH VH KHJHPRQL]RX R WUDEDOKR DVVDODULDGRFRQVWLWXtGRHPVXDVIRUPDVFRQFUHWDVSHORVWUDEDOKDGRUHV ´LQIRUPDLVµHSHORVWUDEDOKDGRUHV´IRUPDLVµ. *UDGXDQGR GH &LrQFLDV 6RFLDLV QD 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GD %DKLD 8)%$ %ROVLVWD GH ,QLFLDomR &LHQWtILFD GR 3URMHWR ´9HOKRV H QRYRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV LQIRUPDLV R WUD EDOKR QDV UXDV HP 6DOYDGRU%$µ 3,%,& ² &13T
(5) FRRUGHQDGR SHOD 3URI 'U *UD oD 'UXFN H YLQFXODGR DR &HQWUR GH 5HFXUVRV +XPDQRV GD 8)%$ QD OLQKD GH SHV TXLVD ´6D~GH 7UDEDOKR H 0HLR $PELHQWHµ CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(6) 290. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... +RMHDVRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUDHVWiYLYHQGRXPDUHGHILQLomRUDGL FDOGRPHUFDGRGHWUDEDOKRGHFRUUHQWHGRSURFHVVRGHJOREDOL]DomR GD UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD H GDV SROtWLFDV QHROLEHUDLV 2V SULQFLSDLV UHVXOWDGRVGHVVHSURFHVVRVmRDOWDVWD[DVGHGHVHPSUHJRRDXPHQWR GDFRQFHQWUDomRGHULTXH]DGDGHVLJXDOGDGHVRFLDOHSULQFLSDOPHQWH GD SUHFDUL]DomRGRWUDEDOKREHPFRPRRFUHVFLPHQWRGHDWLYLGDGHV QmRUHJXODPHQWDGDVHGRWUDEDOKRLQIRUPDO 4XH UHODo}HV DVVRFLDP DV DWLYLGDGHV GH UXD GHVHQYROYLGDV QR VpF ;,;jVDWLYLGDGHVLQIRUPDLVTXHKRMHVHGHVHQYROYHPQRHVSDoR GDVUXDV" 2SUHVHQWHDUWLJRVHSURS}HDWUDoDUXPSDUDOHORHQWUHRVWUDED OKDGRUHVGHUXDGH6DOYDGRUQRVpFXOR ;,;HRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGHUXD KRMH GHQRPLQDGRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV LQIRUPDLV 3DUD LVVR SDUWHVH GR FRQFHLWRGHLQIRUPDOLGDGHHODERUDGRSDUDVHUHIHULUDXPSURFHVVRGL IHUHQFLDGR QR XVR GD IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR HYLGHQFLDGR QR VpFXOR ;; TXDQGR VH HVWDEHOHFH R ´WUDEDOKR IRUPDOµ DTXHOH UHVXOWDQWH GH FRQ TXLVWDVUHLYLQGLFDGDVSHORPRYLPHQWRRSHUiULRTXHGHILQLXXPFRQ MXQWR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV H WUDEDOKLVWDV DWUDYpV GD UHJXODomR H[HUFLGD SHOR(VWDGR A ATIVIDADE “INFORMAL” EM SALVADOR NO SÉCULO XIX. $ VRFLHGDGH EUDVLOHLUDGRVpFXOR ;,;FRQVHUYDYDEDVHVSDWULDU FDLV SDWULPRQLDOFRUSRUDWLYLVWD
(7) HSRUWDQWRDVVHQWDYDVHQDIDPtOLD D HVIHUDSULYDGDGRPLQDQGRDS~EOLFD
(8) &RQWXGRPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWHQR FDVR GD %DKLD HOD VH HIHWLYDYD QD GRPLQDomR KHJHPRQLD
(9) GD HOLWH ´EUDQFDµHHPVXDSHUSHWXDomR (PHODERURXVHXPSURMHWRXUEDQtVWLFRTXHRUJDQL]RXD FLGDGHHPWRUQRGHXPPROGHSURWHFLRQLVWDQXPDHVSpFLHGHFLGDGH IRUWDOH]DGHQRPLQDomRIHLWDSRU$OEHUWR+HUiFOLWR
(10) (LV VR UHSUHVHQWRX XP IDWRU GHWHUPLQDQWH QD HVWUXWXUD HVSDoRVRFLDO GD FLGDGHGH6DOYDGRUTXHSHUPDQHFHDWpPHDGRVGRVpFXOR ;,;&RP CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(11) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 291. SRQGRXPDFLGDGHWUDQFDILDGDQRVHVSDoRVSULYDGRVVHPPXLWRFRQ WUROHGHXPDUHGHGHUHODo}HVTXHVHFRQVWLWXtDHVHGHVHQYROYLDQDV UXDV H SUDoDV GD FLGDGH QHVVDGHVRUGHQDGDSDLVDJHP XUEDQDKLHUDU TXLDV VRFLDLV IRUDP VH VHGLPHQWDQGR HP SREUHV H SUHWRV KRPHQV H PXOKHUHVOLYUHVOLEHUWRVHFDWLYRVPHQGLJRVHYDGLRV )HUUHLUD
(12) (OHVFRQKHFLDPHVHFRQVWLWXtDPFRPRVHUHVHVWUXWXUDQWHVGR DPELHQWHVRFLRHVSDFLDOGDFLGDGH $ HOLWH ´EUDQFDµ QmR GHPRQVWUDYD PDLRULQWHUHVVHHPRUGHQDU DV VRFLDELOLGDGHV QRV HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV VDOYR DOJXPDV LQWHUYHQo}HV IHLWDVHPIHLUDVGHEDLUURVHODUJRVFRPRLQWXLWRGHUHDORFiODVSDUD XPPHUFDGRPXQLFLSDORXDOJRGRWLSR)RUDPWHQWDWLYDVGHRUGHQD PHQWR H GH FDWHJRUL]DomR GH GHWHUPLQDGDV DWLYLGDGHV LQIRUPDLV TXH HPJHUDOQmRUHSUHVHQWDYDPXPDPHOKRULDSDUDRWUDEDOKDGRUGHUXD 'HQWUH DV DWLYLGDGHV FRQVLGHUDGDV FRPR LQIRUPDLV QD pSRFD UHJLV WUDPVH D YHQGD GH FRPLGDV WtSLFDV TXLWDQGHLUDV
(13) H D DWLYLGDGH GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHVGH´JDQKRµ FDUUHJDGRUHV
(14) HQWUHRXWUDV (P6DOYDGRUQHVVHSHUtRGRIRUDPHIHWLYDGDVFRPRDSUHVHQWD -RmR5HLV
(15) XPDVpULHGHPHGLGDVHDo}HVGRSRGHUS~EOLFRPX QLFLSDOHHVWDGXDO SROtFLD
(16) YLVDQGRDFRQWURODUHDLQLELUHVVDIRUPDGH WUDEDOKR SRLV HOD QmR UHSUHVHQWDYD D HOLWH EUDQFD WDPSRXFR R SUR JUHVVR$OpPGLVVRHUDQHFHVViULRFRQWHURVkQLPRVGHVVHVHVFUDYRV OLEHUWRVHDWpFULRXORVPHVWLoRV EUDVLOHLURV
(17) SRLVHVVHVUHSUHVHQWDYDP DDIULFDQL]DomRGR%UDVLO 1HVVHDPELHQWHDUXDFRQVWLWXtDVHFRPRRUHGXWRGRVPDLVYL YRV KiEHLV H UHSUHVHQWDYD R HVSHFWUR GD OLEHUGDGH SDUD XQV GHQWUH . 'LYHUVDV DWLYLGDGHV GD pSRFD IRUDP FRQVLGHUDGDV FRPR ´LQIRUPDLVµ SRU GLYHUVRV DXWRUHV FRPR *LOEHUWR )UHLUH .iWLD 0DWRVR -RmR -RVp 5HLV $OEHUWR +HUiFOLWR 0DULD &HFtOLD 9HODVFR HQWUH RXWURV &RPSUHHQGHPRV TXH HVVH FRQFHLWR WHP GH VHU UHYLVWR SRU WHU VLGR FRQVWLWXtGR HP XP PRPHQWR KLVWyULFR GLIHUHQFLDGR 1D YHU GDGH H[LVWH D QHFHVVLGDGH GH VH SHQVDU XP FRQFHLWR HVSHFLILFR SDUD HVVDV DWLYLGD GHV GR VpFXOR ;,; PDV SRU HQTXDQWR HVWDPRV FRQVLGHUDQGR DWLYLGDGHV LQIRUPDLV DTXHODV GHVHQYROYLGDV HP SDUDOHOR DR HL[R FHQWUDO GH HVWUXWXUDomR GD HFRQRPLD UH JLRQDO DJURH[SRUWDGRUD H IRUD GH TXDLVTXHU IRUPDV GH SURWHomR SHOR SRGHU LQVWLWX tGR CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(18) 292. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... HVVHVRHVFUDYRGHJDQKRRTXDOGHDFRUGRFRP$OEHUWR+HUiFOLWR IRLRTXHPHOKRUVHDGDSWRXDHVVHHVSDoRFRQVHJXLQGRLQFOXVLYHWL UDUSURYHLWRGRFRQWUROHVHQKRULDOHDWpPDQWHUXPDUHODomRGHFRQIL DQoDHFRRSHUDomRFRPRVHQKRUFRPRDILUPDYD6pUJLR%XDUTXHGH +RODQGD
(19) HP´5Dt]HVGR%UDVLOµ&RQIRUPH+RODQGDRVHQKRU QHFHVVLWDYDGDFRRSHUDomRGRHVFUDYRSRLVHVVHGHWLQKDDHVSHFLDOL]D omRHPGHWHUPLQDGRVHUYLoRFRPRSRUH[HPSORFDUSLQWDULDVHUUDULD FRQVWUXomRKLGUiXOLFDHWF $V PXOKHUHV SREUHV OLEHUWDV
(20) GHPRQVWUDUDPVH H[WUHPDPHQWH KDELOLGRVDV iJHLV H YHUViWHLV (ODV UHSUHVHQWDYDP QLWLGDPHQWH H[HP SORVGDTXHOHVTXHFRQVHJXLUDPGULEODURVREVWiFXORVHRVGHVDILRVGDV UXDV )HUUHLUD
(21) FRPSRQGRDPDLRULDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVLQ IRUPDLVGDTXHOHSHUtRGRSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDiUHDGHFRPLGDV TXLWXWHV YDWDSiVFDUXUXPLQJDX
(22) &RQIRUPH -RmR 5HLV
(23) HP VHX DUWLJR ´$ JUHYH QHJUD GH QD%DKLDµQHVVDpSRFDDPDLRULDGRVQHJURVGH6DOYDGRUHVFUD YRVRXQmRWUDEDOKDYDQDUXDRXHQWUHDFDVDHDUXD(UDPHPVXD PDLRULD FDUUHJDGRUHV ´7XGR TXH FRUUH JULWD WUDEDOKD WXGR TXH WUDQVSRUWD H FDUUHJD p QHJURµ REVHUYD HP R YLDMDQWH DOHPmR 5REHUW $YH ² /DOOHPDQW (OHV VH FRQFHQWUDYDP HP ´FDQWRVµ ORFDLV HVSHFtILFRVGDFLGDGHFRPRHVTXLQDVPRYLPHQWDGDV 5HIHUHQWHDRV´FDQWRVµ5HLVDSUHVHQWDXPDDQiOLVHHOXFLGDWLYD SRVVLELOLWDQGRFRPSUHHQGHURQtYHOGHRUJDQL]DomRGHVVHVWUDEDOKDGR UHV H D UHVLVWrQFLD TXH PDQLIHVWDUDP GLDQWH GDV UHJXODPHQWDo}HV LP SRVWDV SHOD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO H SHOR (VWDGR $VVLP R DXWRU UHODWD D ´JUHYH QHJUD GH µ TXH UHSUHVHQWRX D SDUDOLVDomR GDV DWLYLGDGHVGH FDUUHJDPHQWR IHLWDV SHORV QHJURV SRU DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH XPD VHPDQD QXPDFLGDGHRQGHTXDVHWXGRTXHVDtDHHQWUDYDHUDSHORVSRUWRV $ FRQFHQWUDomR HP ´FDQWRVµ HUD D HVWUDWpJLD GH VREUHYLYrQFLD GHVVHVKRPHQVOLEHUWRVH[HVFUDYRVHDOJXQVHVFUDYRVQRVpFXOR;,; ,VVRVHGHXSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHYLGRjIDOWDGHHVSDoRQXPDVRFLHGDGH DOWDPHQWHHVWUDWLILFDGDTXHSRVVXtDXPDGLQkPLFDVRFLDOUtJLGDHGHOL CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(24) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 293. PLWDGD 2V HVWUDWRV VRFLDLVVHGLPHQWDGRVQDTXHOHSHUtRGRDSUHVHQWD YDPDWLYLGDGHVGLIHUHQFLDGDVDOJRTXHVHPRGLILFDSURIXQGDPHQWHDR ORQJRGRVpFXOR ;;HQDDWXDOVRFLHGDGHFDSLWDOLVWDPRGHUQDHJORED OL]DGD 'HQWURGHVVHSDQRUDPDDLQIRUPDOLGDGHUHSUHVHQWDYDSDUDRV HVFUDYRV QHJURV
(25) H[HVFUDYRV QHJURV
(26) HFULRXORVXPDIRUPDGHVR EUHYLYrQFLD (QWUH DV DWLYLGDGHV GHVHQYROYLGDV SRU HVVHV WUDEDOKDGR UHVHVWDYDDGHFDUUHJDGRUHV FDUUHJDYDPGHWXGRGHEHELGDDJHQWH QDV FDGHLUDV GH ´DUUXDUµ
(27) JDQKDGRUHV YHQGHGRUHV SLQWRUHV SHGUHL URV DUWHVmRV PDQGLQJXHLURV IHLWLFHLURV HQFDQDGRUHV PDUFHQHLURV HQWUHRXWUDV(VVDVDWLYLGDGHVTXHHOHVUHDOL]DYDPHUDPFDUDFWHUL]DGDV SHODVHOLWHVFRPRRQLFKRVRFLDOGRVH[FOXtGRVHEDQDOL]DGRV 8PDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGRWUDEDOKRLQIRUPDOGHVVHSHUtRGRpDSUH GRPLQkQFLDGHQHJURVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQHJURVDIULFDQRVFRPRDILUPD 5HLV
(28) $SDUWLUGHRXPHVPRDQWHVFRPHoDDRFRUUHUXP GHFOtQLR GRV ´DIULFDQRV FRPR VHQKRUHV DEVROXWRVµ GRV ´FDQWRVµ GH 6DOYDGRU2TXHpHYLGHQFLDGRQRFHQVRGHFRPRGHPRQVWUDD WDEHODDEDL[R. %$%(/$
(29)
(30)
(31) &RU. 3UHWRV 3DUGRV &DEUDV &DERFORV %UDQFRV 7RWDO. &DQWRV
(32) . 3HUFHQWXDO . &HQVR GH 1mR FRQVWD . 3HUFHQWXDO .
(33) !" # $% &'''(. $UHJXODPHQWDomRHRFRQWUROHSRUSDUWHGRSRGHUS~EOLFRPX QLFLSDOHHVWDGXDOWDPEpPVHID]LDSUHVHQWHQRVpFXOR ;,;FRPRQR FDVR GRV JDQKDGRUHV DVVLP FRPR IRUDP LPSRVWDV EDUUHLUDV SDUD DV YHQGHGRUDVGHFRPLGDV1RFDVRGHVVDVDDomRSRVVXtDGXDVFDUDFWH UtVWLFDVFHQWUDLV3ULPHLUDPHQWHWLQKDXPFDUiWHUGHHPEHOH]DUDFLGD GH UHVHUYDU H FRQVHUYDU RV HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV GD FLGDGH SDUD D HOLWH CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(34) 294. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... ´EUDQFDµ´OHWUDGDµ(VVHQmRSRGHULDVHUXPHVSDoRSLWRUHVFRULGLFXODUL ]DGRREVFHQRSRSXODUPDVVLPUHVSHLWRVROLPSRHRUGHLUR'HVVDPD QHLUDHVVDVYHQGHGRUDVHUDPHVWHUHRWLSDGDVGHDIULFDQDVHHVFUDYDVSULQ FLSDOPHQWHGHYLGRjVVXDVYHVWLPHQWDVHjVXDFRUDVTXDLVHUDPUHODFLR QDGDVFRPEDUEiULHDWUDVRHIDOWDGHKLJLHQH3RURXWURODGRDVOHLVUHSUH VHQWDYDPDWHQWDWLYDGRJRYHUQRGHFRQVWLWXLUHP6DOYDGRUXPSURFHVVR FLYLOL]DWyULRDYDQoDGRHPVLQWRQLDFRPRSURJUHVVRHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR GHRXWURVSDtVHVFRPRPDLVWDUGHD)UDQoDTXHYDLUHSUHVHQWDUQR%UDVLO HQD%DKLDDEHOOHpSRTXHIUDQFHVD 'HVVDPDQHLUDVHFRQVWLWXLXRWUDEDOKRGHUXDHP6DOYDGRUQR VpFXOR ;,;DOWDPHQWHPDUFDGRSHODHVWUXWXUDVRFLDOUtJLGDRQGHGLIH UHQoDVUDFLDLVHVRFLDLVHUDPQLWLGDPHQWHDILUPDGDV1HVVHERMRSUR FHVVRXVHDDWLYLGDGHQmRUHJXODPHQWDGDPDUFDGDSHODEXVFDLPHGLDWD GDVREUHYLYrQFLDTXHDLQGDQmRVHFDUDFWHUL]DYDSHODUHODomRGHDVVD ODULDPHQWRRXVHMDHUDPDWLYLGDGHVWLSLFDPHQWHQmRFDSLWDOLVWDVPXL WR SUHFiULDV H SRU YH]HV GLVFULPLQDGDV PDUJLQDOL]DGDV H H[FOXtGDV QDTXHODVRFLHGDGH. . (VVDV OHLV LQWHUIHULUDP DWp QDV IHVWDV WUDGLFLRQDLV GD FXOWXUD EDLDQD FRPR D ODYDJHP GD ,JUHMD GR %RQILP H D IHVWD GR ´HQWUXGRµ $ SULPHLUD IRL SURLELGD HP WHPSRV UHSXEOLFDQRV HP GH GH]HPEUR GH SHOR DUFHELVSR /XLV $QWRQLR 6DQWRV R TXH SURYRFRX XPD UHDomR GDV GHYRWDV TXH WHQWDUDP ODYDU D ,JUHMD QR GLD GH MD QHLUR GH GHVFRQVLGHUDQGR D RUGHP GR DUFHELVSR (ODV WLYHUDP VXDV YDVVRXUDV H YDVRV DSUHHQGLGRV SHOD JXDUGD FtYLFD TXH DILUPDYD ´KRMH DTXL QmR Ki ODYDJHPµ $ VHJXQGD IRL VHQGR PRGLILFDGD GHVGH PHDGRV GR VpFXOR ;,; ( HP R ´HQ WUXGRµ IRL GHILQLWLYDPHQWH SURLELGR SHOD SROtFLD H HP OXJDU GHOH IRL UHDOL]DGR R FDUQDYDO IHVWD FRQFHELGD FRPR IDPLOLDU H RUGHLUD TXH VXEVWLWXtD R HQWUXGR DVVRFL DGR DR SRSXODU H ´SURPtVFXRµ (VVDV Do}HV SURYRFDUDP D SRVWHULRUL UHDo}HV SRSXOD UHV SHOD SHUPDQrQFLD GH VXDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV WUDGLFLRQDLV H DIULFDQDV (VVDV UHDo}HV YmR VHU UHIRUoDGDV SHOR &DQGRPEOp H SHORV FXOWRV DIURV DVVLP FRPR SRU VXDV IHV WLYLGDGHV DOpP GR DSRLR GH DOJXQV HVWXGLRVRV H LQWHOHFWXDLV TXH FRQVLGHUDYDP LP SRUWDQWH D SUHVHUYDomR GRV WUDoRV SRSXODUHV DIULFDQRV FRPR DVSHFWRV FRQVWLWXWL YRV GD LGHQWLGDGH FXOWXUDO GH 6DOYDGRU CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(35) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 295. A ATIVIDADE INFORMAL EM SALVADOR, NOS DIAS ATUAIS Definindo Conceitos: setor informal, economia subterrânea (submersa, invisível). 2WHUPRLQIRUPDOLGDGHGHVGHVXDRULJHPIRLXWLOL]DGRSDUDHV WXGDUHQWHQGHURXGHOLPLWDUXPFRQMXQWRGHDWLYLGDGHVPXLWRKHWHUR JrQHDV(VVHWHUPRVHPSUHIRLSROHPL]DGRHUHGLPHQVLRQDGRDGH SHQGHUGDFRPSUHHQVmRWHyULFDHGRVREMHWLYRVHVSHFtILFRVHDQDOtWLFRV GH FDGD DXWRU &RPR H[HPSOR GHVVDV DWLYLGDGHV WrPVH DV PLFUR HPSUHVDVRWUDEDOKDGRUDXW{QRPRRHPSUHJDGRDVVDODULDGRVHPFDU WHLUDGHWUDEDOKRDVVLQDGDRSHTXHQRSURGXWRUDHFRQRPLDVXEWHUUk QHDRXVXEPHUVDRHPSUHJDGRGRPpVWLFRRWUDEDOKDGRUWHUFHLUL]DGR RWUDEDOKRDGRPLFLOLRDVFRRSHUDWLYDVGHWUDEDOKRDVDWLYLGDGHVFUL PLQRVDVHWF &DFFLDPDOL+XJRQ
(36) 2XVRGRWHUPR´VHWRULQIRUPDOµWHPVXDVRULJHQVQRVHVWXGRV UHDOL]DGRVSHOD2UJDQL]DomR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGR7UDEDOKR 2,7
(37) QRkP ELWRGR3URJUDPD0XQGLDOGH(PSUHJRGH(OHDSDUHFHQRVUH ODWyULRV GDV FRQGLo}HV GH WUDEDOKR QR 4XrQLD QD ÉIULFD RQGH VH FRQVWDWRX XP JUDQGH FRQWLQJHQWHGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVYLYHQGRGHDWLYL GDGHV HFRQ{PLFDV FRQVLGHUDGDV j PDUJHP GD OHL H GHVSURYLGDV GH TXDOTXHUSURWHomRRXUHJXODomRS~EOLFD $VSULQFLSDLVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRQVWLWXWLYDVGRVHWRULQIRUPDOVmR
(38) SURSULHGDGHIDPLOLDUGRHPSUHHQGLPHQWR
(39) RULJHPHDSRUWHSUy SULRGRVUHFXUVRV
(40) SHTXHQDHVFDODGHSURGXomR
(41) IDFLOLGDGHGHLQ JUHVVR
(42) XVRLQWHQVLYRGRIDWRUWUDEDOKRHGHWHFQRORJLDDGDSWDGD
(43) DTXLVLomRGHTXDOLILFDo}HVSURILVVLRQDLVjSDUWHGRVLVWHPDHVFRODUGH HQVLQRH
(44) SDUWLFLSDomRHPPHUFDGRVFRPSHWLWLYRVHQmRUHJXODPHQ WDGRVSHOR(VWDGR &DFFLDPDOL
(45) . . &DUYDOKR S
(46) ´$ KHWHURJHQHLGDGH LQWHUQD p SHUFHELGD FRPR XP GHWHUPL QDQWH EiVLFR GDV GLILFXOGDGHV SDUD XPD GHOLPLWDomR PDLV SUHFLVD H XPD PHOKRU GH ILQLomR RSHUDFLRQDO GR VHWRU LQIRUPDOµ CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(47) 296. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... 2 SRQWR GH SDUWLGD SDUD H[DPHHFODVVLILFDomRGRWUDEDOKRLQ IRUPDOGD 2,7pDXQLGDGHHFRQ{PLFD(VWDpFDUDFWHUL]DGDSHODSUR GXomRHPSHTXHQDHVFDODSHORUHGX]LGRHPSUHJRGHWpFQLFDVXWLOL]D omRGHWUDEDOKRIDPLOLDUHSHODTXDVHLQH[LVWHQWHVHSDUDomRHQWUHFDSL WDOHRWUDEDOKR7DLVXQLGDGHVWDPEpPVHFDUDFWHUL]DPSHODEDL[DFD SDFLGDGHGHDFXPXODomRGHFDSLWDOSHODSRXFDRUJDQL]DomRHSRURIH UHFHUHP HPSUHJRV LQVWiYHLV VHP SURWHomRVRFLDOHUHGX]LGDVUHQGDV (VVDGHQRPLQDomRGD 2,7FRQFHELDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVLQIRUPDLVFRPR ´PDUJLQDLVµ JHUDGRUHV GH REVWiFXORV DR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH GHWHU PLQDGRSDtV 6HJXQGRD 2,7RVHWRULQIRUPDOVHULDXPDDOWHUQDWLYDGHVREUH YLYrQFLD GLDQWH GR DXPHQWR GHPRJUiILFR H GH FRQVWDQWHV PLJUDo}HV GR FDPSR SDUD RVFHQWURVXUEDQRV SDUDDSRSXODomRQmRDEVRUYLGD QRVHWRUIRUPDOGDHFRQRPLD
(48) $GLYLVmRGDHFRQRPLDHPVHWRUHV HPWHRULDVGXDOLVWDVIRUPDO HLQIRUPDO
(49) IRLEDVWDQWHFULWLFDGDHSRGHVHDILUPDUTXHXOWUDSDVVDGD SHORPHQRVHPVHXVHQWLGRRULJLQiULRGHXPVHWRUIHFKDGRFRPVHX VLVWHPDSUySULRHUtJLGRGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR
(50) ,VVRRFRUUHGHYLGRSULQ FLSDOPHQWH j FRPSOH[LGDGH H[LVWHQWH QD GLQkPLFD GR SURFHVVR GH SURGXomRGHFRUUHQWHGDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVHPFXUVRQRPXQGRGRWUD EDOKR GR FDSLWDO
(51) FRPR SRU H[HPSOR D UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD IOH[LELOL]DomRGDVUHODo}HVGHSURGXomRDWXDomR´VHPIURQWHLUDVµGR FDSLWDO
(52) DFULVHGRIRUGLVPRDJOREDOL]DomRHRQHROLEHUDOLVPR(VVH IHQ{PHQRUHVXOWDQWHGDGHVDUWLFXODomRGDHVWUXWXUDSURGXWLYDJHURX XPDUHGXomRGRFRQWLQJHQWHGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVVRFLDOPHQWHSURWHJLGRV HFRPRFRQVHTrQFLDRFUHVFLPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVVR FLDOPHQWHQmRSURWHJLGRV 'HGHFFD%DOWDU
(53) 'LYLGLUDHFRQRPLDHPGRLVVHWRUHVDLQGDpPXLWRVLPSOLVWDSDUD WUDoDUDVLWXDomRHFRQ{PLFDGHXPSDtV$VVRFLDQGRRVHWRULQIRUPDO DRVVHJPHQWRVPDLVSREUHVGDSRSXODomRGHL[DQGRGHIRUDDVIRUPDV GH LQVHUomR GR WUDEDOKDGRU QD SURGXomR FRQFOXLVH TXH HVVH VHWRU. CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(54) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 297. WHQGHULD D GHVDSDUHFHU FRP R SURFHVVR GH LQGXVWULDOL]DomR H FRP R FUHVFLPHQWRHFRQ{PLFR &DFFLDPDOL
(55) 2XWURSRQWRREVHUYDGRSRULQ~PHURVDXWRUHV 6RX]DH)DULDV &DFFLDPDOL&DUYDOKR
(56) TXHURPSHPHPFHUWDPHGL GDFRPDSRVLomRGXDOHHVWiWLFDGRVGRLVVHWRUHVFRQVWLWXLVHQDVX ERUGLQDomRGRVHWRULQIRUPDODRVHWRUIRUPDO(VVDGHSHQGrQFLDHVWD EHOHFHXPPRYLPHQWRXPFLFORHFRQ{PLFRGHWHUPLQDGRSHORULWPR GDHFRQRPLDIRUPDO &DUYDOKR S
(57) FULWLFDDGXDOLGDGHIRUPDOHLQIRUPDOSULQ FLSDOPHQWHSRUFRQFHEHUDUHDOLGDGHPXLWRPDLVFRPSOH[DHGLIHUHQ FLDGDFRPJUDGDo}HVHIDL[DVLQWHUPHGLiULDVTXHVXEVLVWLULDPLQFOXVL YHQRLQWHULRUGRVSUySULRVVHWRUHV 1HVVHFRQWH[WRRXWUDFRQFHSomRGHLQIRUPDOLGDGHSDVVRXDVHU XWLOL]DGDSDUDH[SULPLUDWLYLGDGHVHSUiWLFDVHFRQ{PLFDVLOHJDLVHRX LOtFLWDVFRPUHODomRjVQRUPDVHUHJUDVLQVWLWXtGDVSHODVRFLHGDGH&RP LVVRHODSDVVRXDVHLGHQWLILFDUFRPDFKDPDGDHFRQRPLDVXEWHUUkQHD RXQmRUHJLVWUDGDRXDLQGDFRPDHFRQRPLDVXEPHUVDVHQGRUHGHIL QLGDSRUWDQWRSRUXPFULWpULRMXUtGLFRHQmRPDLVSHORXVRGHXPFUL WpULR HFRQ{PLFR FRPR p R FDVR GR SULPHLUR FRQFHLWR &DFFLDPDOL
(58) 'HVVDIRUPDGDLQIRUPDOLGDGHSRGHPVHUDSUHHQGLGDVWDQWRLQ VHUo}HVUHODFLRQDGDVDIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DomRGDSURGXomRRWUDEDOKR SRUFRQWDSUySULDHDPLFURHPSUHVDFRPRWDPEpPGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDV GHDVVDODULDPHQWRLOHJDOPHVPRGHQWURGHHPSUHVDVOHJDLV(QWUHWDQ WRHVVDVGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHVHLQVHULUQRWUDEDOKRSRVVXHPFDUDFWH UtVWLFDV HP FRPXP ´VmR DWLYLGDGHV WUDEDOKRV H UHQGDV UHDOL]DGDV GHVFRQVLGHUDQGR UHJUDV H[SUHVVDV HP OHL RX HP SURFHGLPHQWRV XVX DLVµ &DFFLDPDOLS
(59) VmRDWLYLGDGHVTXHWrPDPDUFDWUDQV SDUHQWHGDSUHFDUL]DomRSRLVVmRYXOQHUiYHLVSRVVXHPLQFHUWH]DVGH UHQGDHGHSHUVSHFWLYDIXWXUD DXVrQFLDGHSURWHomRVRFLDOHGHUHJX ODPHQWDomRODERUDO
(60) HXWLOL]DPFDUJDKRUiULDGHWUDEDOKRIOH[tYHO(Q ILPVmRWUDEDOKRVDPSODPHQWHSUHFiULRVHSRUPXLWDVYH]HVVmRHV CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(61) 298. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... WUDWpJLDV GH VREUHYLYrQFLD 2X FRPR YrP RFRUUHQGR QD DWXDOLGDGH KiXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODGRVLQIRUPDLVTXHFRQVHJXHDXIHULUPHOKRUHV UHQGDVHPUHODomRDPpGLDGRVVDOiULRVGRWUDEDOKR´IRUPDOµDH[HP SOR GH SHTXHQRV FRPHUFLDQWHV SUHVWDGRUHV GH VHUYLoR DXW{QRPRV &DFFLDPDOL
(62) &RPEDVHQHVVDVFRQVLGHUDo}HVFRQFHLWXDLVTXHVHUHIHUHPDR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GDV IRUPDV GH LQVHUomR GR WUDEDOKR QR VpFXOR ;; TXDQGRSUHGRPLQDRWUDEDOKRIRUPDO RXIRUGLVWD
(63) HPVRFLHGDGHVGH VHQYROYLGDV TXH VH HVWDEHOHFH GH IRUPD SUHFiULD RX LQFRPSOHWD QR %UDVLO TXH DSUHVHQWDUVHi XP SDUDOHOR HQWUH D LQIRUPDOLGDGH ´WUDGL FLRQDOµ GH KRMH DTXHODV RFXSDo}HV PDLV DQWLJDV GH 6DOYDGRU FRPR YHQGHGRUHVDPEXODQWHVGHUXDYHQGHGRUHVGHFRPLGDSUHVWDGRUHVGH VHUYLoRV
(64) ² TXH FRQVWLWXHP XP FRQMXQWR GH DWLYLGDGHV ´QmR WLSLFD PHQWHFDSLWDOLVWDVµ²HRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGHUXDGRVpFXOR;,; Evolução da Atividade Informal em Salvador. 2WUDEDOKRLQIRUPDOPDQWHYHVHSUHVHQWHHP6DOYDGRUSRUWRGR RVpFXOR ;,;HYROXLQRVpFXOR ;;HGDGRRFDUiWHUUHVWULWLYRGDPR GHUQL]DomR GD HFRQRPLD FUHVFH UDSLGDPHQWH QHVVH LQLFLR GR VpFXOR ;;,HPUD]mRGRUiSLGRSURFHVVRGDUHHVWUXWXUDomRSURGXWLYD&RQ WXGRQRLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;;DWpD%DKLDHHVSHFLILFDPHQWH6DO YDGRUFRPSRUWRXFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGLIHUHQFLDGDVGRUHVWDQWHGRSDtVR TXHLQIOXHQFLRXFRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWHDDWLYLGDGHLQIRUPDOGHYLGRjUH ODomRGLUHWDTXHVHHVWDEHOHFHHQWUHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDVDWLYLGDGHV IRUPDLVRFUHVFLPHQWRGRVHPSUHJRVHRDXPHQWRRXGLPLQXLomRGD LQIRUPDOLGDGH. 2 SRYRDPHQWR H D FRORQL]DomR GD %DKLD HIHWXDUDPVH QRV PDUFRV GH XPD VL WXDomR GH GHSHQGrQFLD D SDUWLU GR VpFXOR ;9, 6XD HFRQRPLD GH EDVH DJUi. ULRPHUFDQWLO YROWDGD SDUD R PHUFDGR LQWHUQDFLRQDO H DOLFHUoDGD LQLFLDOPHQWH QD DJURLQG~VWULD DoXFDUHLUD LQWHJUDYDVH QDV FRUUHQWHV FRPHUFLDLV GR FDSLWD OLVPR HXURSHX &DUYDOKR H 6RX]D S
(65). CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(66) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 299. &RPRHYLGHQFLDP&DUYDOKRH6RX]D
(67) D%DKLDFRPSRUWRX FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHPDUFDPRVHXGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSRVWHULRURXPH OKRURVHX´DWUDVRµ$%DKLDVHPDQWHYHHVWDJQDGDIUHQWHDRGHVHQ YROYLPHQWR VRFLRHFRQ{PLFR TXH DFRQWHFLD SULQFLSDOPHQWH QR VXOGR SDtV FRQVHUYDQGR XPD HVWUXWXUD SURGXWLYD DWUDVDGD H YROWDGD SDUD D PRQRFXOWXUDWLSRH[SRUWDomRDJURLQGXVWULDO$VVLPHIHWLYDPHQWHDV SULQFLSDLVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVGDHFRQRPLDEDLDQDVyFRPHoDUDPDVHGH VHQURODUQDGpFDGDGHFRPRVLQYHVWLPHQWRVGRJRYHUQRIHGHUDO HHVWDGXDOHPLQIUDHVWUXWXUDHFRPRLQtFLRGDH[SORUDomRHUHILQRGR SHWUyOHR SHOD 3HWUREUiV R TXH JHURX DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HP SUHJRV GLUHWRV &DUYDOKR H 6RX]D S
(68) H SRVWHULRUPHQWH FRPD R%DQFRGR1RUGHVWHD R HR3yOR3H WURTXtPLFR(VVHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRFDSLWDOLVPRQD%DKLDSURYRFRX XPDXPHQWRQDVWD[DVGHHPSUHJRUHDWLYDQGRRVPHFDQLVPRVGHPR JUiILFRVHVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRVGHDXPHQWRGDRIHUWDXUEDQDGHWUDEDOKR &+(6). 68'(1(. &,$. &RQIRUPH&DUYDOKRH6RX]D S
(69) RSDSHOTXHDVDWLYL GDGHVQmRFDSLWDOLVWDVGHVHPSHQKDPQRSURFHVVRGHDFXPXODomRHGH H[SDQVmR GR FDSLWDO VmR FRQVLGHUDGDV GH GXDV IRUPDV
(70) FRPR XP SHVRPRUWRQRSURFHVVRGHDFXPXODomR
(71) FRPXPDIXQomRGHDVVH JXUDU XPD PDLRU H[SORUDomR GH IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR H DOWDV WD[DV GHD FXPXODomR MXVWLILFDGD SHOD H[LVWrQFLD GHXPH[pUFLWRGHUHVHUYDXP H[FHGHQWHGHPmRGHREUD (QILPDDWLYLGDGHLQIRUPDOHP6DOYDGRUGHVHQURORXVHDRORQ JRGRVVpFXORVFRPRXPDIRUPDGHVREUHYLYrQFLDFRPRXPDIRUPD GHLQVHUomRVRFLDOSUHFDUL]DGDDOpPGHWHUVLGRXPGHJUDXSDUDRGH VHQYROYLPHQWRGRFDSLWDOLVPR&RPRUHVVDOWD&DUYDOKR S
(72) DV DWLYLGDGHV QmR WLSLFDPHQWH FDSLWDOLVWDV IDYRUHFHP D H[SDQVmR HFRQ{ PLFDHRSURFHVVRGHDFXPXODomRGRFDSLWDOSRLV
(73) IDFLOLWDPROXFUR GH HPSUHVDV TXH VH DSURSULDUDP QR SURFHVVR GH FRPHUFLDOL]DomR GH PHUFDGRULDVDEDL[RFXVWRGHDTXLVLomR
(74) DVVHJXUDPDPDQXWHQomR GR ´H[pUFLWR GH UHVHUYDµ TXH R FDSLWDOLVPR H[LJH H SURGX]
(75) HVWL PXODPRPDLRUFRQVXPRGHGHWHUPLQDGDVPHUFDGRULDVGRVHWRUFDSL CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(76) 300. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... WDOLVWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH DR IDFLOLWDU D VXD FLUFXODomR H
(77) FRQWULEXHP SDUDUHGX]LURVFXVWRVGHUHSURGXomRGDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKR $SURSRVWDGRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRpWUDoDUXPSDUDOHORHQWUHRV GRLVPRPHQWRVKLVWyULFRVRGRVpFXOR HRDWXDOQRWRFDQWHjVD WLYLGDGHVLQIRUPDLV$VVLPWRUQDVHLPSUHVFLQGtYHOXPDLOXVWUDomRGR VpFXOR HGDHVSHFLILFLGDGHGD%DKLDQHVVHSURFHVVRSULQFLSDOPHQWH QR WRFDQWH DR ´DWUDVRµ VRFLRHFRQ{PLFR YLYHQFLDGR SHOR (VWDGR HP UHODomRDRSDtVYLVWRTXH6DOYDGRURFXSDYDSRVLomRFHQWUDOQRGHVHQ URODUGRFRPpUFLRQD%DKLDHHPDOJXPDViUHDVGRVHVWDGRVYL]LQKRV (VVH ´DWUDVRµ H[SUHVVD XPD VHJXQGD IDVH GH UHJUHVVmR TXH VH LQLFLD HSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDVHJXQGDGpFDGDGRVpFXOR QRILPGRVpFXOR VHJXQGR 0DWRVR
(78) (VVD DXWRUD FRQFHEH 6DOYDGRU QHVVH FRQWH[WRFRPR ;,;. ;;. ;,;. ;;. 6DOYDGRU QR VpFXOR. ;,;. QmR SHUGHX VXD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH PHWUySROH FRORQL. DO GH FLGDGH LQWHUPHGLiULD VLPSOHV HQWUHSRVWR GH PHUFDGRULDV H SRQWR DYDQ oDGR GR FDSLWDOLVPR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GR TXDO p XP ERP WHQHQWH $Wp SRU YROWD GH D SULQFLSDO ´LQG~VWULDµ VRWHURSROLWDQD HUD D GH SURGXWRV DOLPHQWtFLRV
(79) (VVD IDOWD GH LQG~VWULD VH UHIOHWLD QR EDL[R SDGUmR GD YLGD GD SRSXODomR TXH YLYLD GH DWLYLGDGHV FRPHUFLDLV GH ELVFDWHV H GD IXQomR SXEOLFD TXH WHQ WDYD DEVRUYHU QRV VHXV GLYHUVRV VHUYLoRV XP H[FHGHQWH FU{QLFR GH PmRGH REUD 0DWWRVR S
(80). $WXDOPHQWH R WUDEDOKRLQIRUPDOHP6DOYDGRUHVWiVRIUHQGRDV PXGDQoDV DGYLQGDV GD UHHVWUXWXUDomR SURGXWLYD H GDV PXGDQoDV QR PXQGRGRWUDEDOKR1RERMRGHVVDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVDLQIRUPDOLGDGH WRUQRXVH FDGD YH]PDLVSUHVHQWHQRHVSDoRVRFLRFXOWXUDOGDFLGDGH SULQFLSDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGDGpFDGDGHIXQFLRQDQGRFRPRXPDDO WHUQDWLYDGHVREUHYLYrQFLD$DWLYLGDGHLQIRUPDODWXDOPHQWHWRPDYi ULDVIHLo}HVWRUQDVHPXLWRPDLVFRPSOH[DHKHWHURJrQHDHDLQGDDV VLPFRQVHUYDDWLYLGDGHVWtSLFDVGDTXHODVGHEDVHWUDGLFLRQDOGRVpFXOR FRPRRFRPpUFLRGHDOLPHQWRV. ;,;. 'HVVD PDQHLUD D LQIRUPDOLGDGH DWXDO FRQIRUPD FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SUySULDV DEVRUYHQGR WDQWR WUDEDOKDGRUHV TXHVDtUDPGRQ~FOHRFHQ WUDO GDV UHODo}HV DVVDODULDGDV 3yOR 3HWURTXtPLFR H RXWUDVHPSUHVDV
(81) FRPR LQGLYtGXRV TXH GHVGH VHX SULPHLUR HPSUHJR Vy FRQVHJXLUDP CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(82) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 301. WUDEDOKDUHPDWLYLGDGHVSUySULDVjLQIRUPDOLGDGH LQFOXtPRVDTXLDVD WLYLGDGHVPDLVWUDGLFLRQDLVGHFRPpUFLRGHUXDHSUHVWDGRUHVGHVHUYL oRVHWF
(83) RXXPDSHTXHQDSDUFHODGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHEXVFDPPH OKRUHVUHQGLPHQWRVHDSRVWDPQRVRQKRGRHPSUHHQGHGRULVPRSDUD WHU´VHXSUySULRQHJyFLRµ 3HQVDU R WUDEDOKDGRU GH UXD DWXDO GH 6DOYDGRU p SHQVDU QXP FRQMXQWRPXLWRKHWHURJrQHRGHDWLYLGDGHVRTXHWRUQDGLItFLOGHVHQ YROYHUXPDDQiOLVHPDLVSUHFLVDHFRQVLVWHQWH0DVHPOLQKDVJHUDLV SRGHVHFRPSRUXPSHUILOSDUFLDOGHVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUHVXWLOL]DQGRRV GDGRVREWLGRVFRPDSHVTXLVD´9HOKRVH1RYRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVLQIRU PDLV R WUDEDOKR QDV UXDV HP 6DOYDGRU µ T
(84) $ DWLYLGDGHLQIRUPDODLQGDpFRPSRVWDSRUXPDLPHQVDPDLRULDGHQH JURV VRPDQGR SDUGRV H SUHWRV
(85) FRPR SRGH VHU REVHUYDGR QD 7DEHOD0HVPRTXHQmRVHSRVVDHVWDEHOHFHUXPDUHODomRGLUHWDHQ WUHDVFRQGLo}HVGHHVWUXWXUDomRGDVDWLYLGDGHVGDUXDQRVpF HDV DWXDLV SRGHVH LQIHULU QR HQWDQWR TXH DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV KLVWyULFR FXOWXUDLVTXHHVWUXWXUDUDPDIRUPDomRGHFODVVHVQHVVDVRFLHGDGHUHJL RQDOFDUDFWHUL]DGDVSRUKLHUDUTXLDVVRFLDLVUtJLGDVSUySULDVDXPDVR FLHGDGH HVFUDYRFUDWD DSyV PDLV GH XP VpFXOR LQWHUIHUHP VREUH DV FRQGLo}HV GH FRQILJXUDomR GR PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR DWXDOGHILQLQGR SDUDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVQHJURVDVRFXSDo}HVHSRVWRVPHQRVTXDOLILFD GRVQHVVHPHUFDGRGHWUDEDOKR %$. &5+3,%,& ² &13. ;,;. (PUHODomRDRVH[RHQWUHRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVSHVTXLVDGRV VmRKRPHQVHKiXPDSDUWLFLSDomRH[SUHVVLYDGHPXOKHUHV1R TXHVHUHIHUHjLGDGHKiXPDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGDIDL[DHWiULDGHD DQRVFRPRSHUFHQWXDOGHHXPDSDUFHODFRQVLGHUiYHOGRVWUD EDOKDGRUHV ² ² RULXQGRV GH XPWUDEDOKRUHJXODPHQWDGR´IRU PDOµ . &RRUGHQDomR GD 3URI 'UD *UDoD 'UXFN . &5+))&+8)%$. TXLVD HP DQGDPHQWR. . &RQIRUPH SHVTXLVD ´0DSD GR WUDEDOKR LQIRUPDO HP 6DOYDGRUµ. CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(86) SHV.
(87) 302. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... %$%(/$ 'LVWULEXLomR GRV (QWUHYLVWDGRV SRU &RU. &RU. )UHTrQFLD. . 3HUFHQWXDO. .
(88) .
(89)
(90)
(91). 3HUFHQWXDO 9iOLGR .
(92)
(93)
(94).
(95)
(96)
(97) ! "#$"
(98) %. 7$%(/$ 'LVWULEXLomR GRV (QWUHYLVWDGRV SRU 6H[R 6H[R )UHTrQFLD 3HUFHQWXDO ! . .
(99)
(100)
(101).
(102)
(103)
(104) . 7$%(/$ 'LVWULEXLomR GRV (QWUHYLVWDGRV SRU ,GDGH ,GDGH )UHTrQFLD 3HUFHQWXDO
(105) .
(106)
(107) "!
(108) . . . . . .
(109)
(110)
(111).
(112)
(113)
(114) . 0XLWRVGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVYLHUDPGRLQWHULRUGD%DKLDHPEXVFD GH WUDEDOKR QD FDSLWDO ² UHSUHVHQWDQGR XP SHUFHQWXDO GH H SRU QmR HQFRQWUDUHP HPSUHJR´IRUPDOµWHUPLQDPSRUVHLQVHULUQD DWLYLGDGHLQIRUPDORTXHUHSUHVHQWDXPDSDUFHODFRQVLGHUiYHOGRVL PLJUDQWHV 7DEHOD
(115) . 7DEHOD 'LVWULEXLomR SRU ORFDO GH QDVFLPHQWR /RFDO GH 1DVFLPHQWR )UHTrQFLD 3HUFHQWXDO #$ % & % ' .
(116) .
(117)
(118)
(119).
(120)
(121)
(122) . CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(123) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 303. 3RU ILP R QtYHO GH HVFRODULGDGH GRV HQWUHYLVWDGRV FRP PDLRU LQFLGrQFLDpRJUDXLQFRPSOHWRGHVWDFDQGRVHRVTXHWrP JUDXFRPSOHWRRXDWpFRPRFRPFXUVRVXSHULRUFRPSOHWR 7DEHOD
(124) . 7DEHOD 'LVWULEXLomR GRV (QWUHYLVWDGRV SRU (VFRODULGDGH (VFRODULGDGH )UHTrQFLD 3HUFHQWXDO "() * + ! * + !. * + !. * + ! # ! . . . . .
(125)
(126) .
(127)
(128)
(129).
(130)
(131)
(132) . &RQWXGRSRGHVHREVHUYDUTXHHVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUHVDFDGDGLD YrPGHVHQYROYHQGRQRYDVIDFHWDVLQYHQWDQGRHUHLQYHQWDQGRQRYDV PDQHLUDVGHYHQGDGHVHUYLoRVHGHSURGXWRV(LVVRHPSDUWHUHSUH VHQWD D ´HPSUHJDELOLGDGHµ TXH QmR p DOJR QRYR QHP ´PRGHUQRµ H TXHpXPDGDVSULQFLSDLVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDLQIRUPDOLGDGH $LQIRUPDOLGDGHDWXDOpFRQVWLWXtGDWDQWRSRUDWLYLGDGHV´WUDGL FLRQDLVµ YHQGHGRUHVDPEXODQWHV
(133) FRPRSRUSUHVWDGRUHVGHVHUYLoRV DOWDPHQWHHVSHFLDOL]DGRV LQIRUPiWLFDHVWpWLFDWHUDSLD
(134) DOpPGRVDX W{QRPRVGHXPPRGRJHUDOFRQIRUPHPRVWUDD7DEHOD. CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(135) 304. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... 7$%(/$ 'LVWULEXLomR GH $WLYLGDGHV $WXDLV 4XDO p DWLYLGDGH TXH YRFr UHDOL]D KRMH )UHTrQFLD 3HUFHQWXDO , - $. / ' 0 )& 1! , 1! , "!) , /!1 #$2 /! /!3 /! 4(! . . . . . .
(136) . .
(137)
(138)
(139).
(140)
(141)
(142) . CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS. $LQIRUPDOLGDGHFRPRIRLDSUHVHQWDGDDFLPDSRVVXLXPDLP SRUWkQFLDUHOHYDQWHQDVRFLHGDGHEUDVLOHLUDHQDVRFLHGDGHVRWHURSROL WDQDHPHVSHFLDO,VVRVHGHYHDRIDWRGHHVVDDWLYLGDGHVHFRQVWLWXLU FRPRXPHOHPHQWRIRUPDGRUGDFXOWXUDORFDOHGRPRGRGHVHUGDFL GDGHGH6DOYDGRUFRPRDVEDLDQDVGHDFDUDMpDVTXLWDQGHLUDVDVYHQ GHGRUDVGHFRPLGDVWtSLFDV(QILPDFLGDGHGH6DOYDGRUDLQGDpQRWD GDPHQWHPDUFDGDGHPRGRWUDGLFLRQDOSRUDOJXPDVDWLYLGDGHVTXHMi VHGHVHQYROYLDPGHVGHRVpFXOR eLQWHUHVVDQWHDWHQWDUSDUDDSURJUHVVLYDH[SDQVmRGDDWLYLGDGH LQIRUPDOHP6DOYDGRUKRMH(ODVHFDUDFWHUL]DFRPRXPDSRVVLELOLGDGH GH VREUHYLYrQFLD SDUD XQV D PDLRULD
(143) VHUYLQGR FRPR XPD VROXomR LPHGLDWD SDUD R FUHVFHQWH GHVHPSUHJR HVWUXWXUDO SDUD RXWURV FRPR XPD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRPSOHPHQWR GH UHQGD RX DLQGD SDUD DOJXQV WUDEDOKDGRUHVDFKDQFHGHDXIHULUPHOKRUHVUHQGLPHQWRVHPUHODomRj PpGLDGHVDOiULRGRPHUFDGRGHWUDEDOKR 2WUDEDOKRLQIRUPDOWDQWRSDUDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGRVpFXOR FRPRSDUDRVGHKRMHpXPDIRUPDGHLQVHUomRVRFLDOTXHHYLGHQFLDD CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(144) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 305. SUHFDULHGDGHGDVFRQGLo}HVGHWUDEDOKRHGHVXDSUySULDFRQGLomRGH WUDEDOKDGRU DWXDOPHQWH FRP PDLRU LQWHQVLGDGH 6mR DWLYLGDGHV PDU FDGDV SHOD YXOQHUDELOLGDGH H LQFHUWH]D WDQWR HP UHODomR DR WUDEDOKR FRPRDRVQtYHLVGHUHQGDHjVFRQGLo}HVGHSURWHomRHULVFRVVRFLDLV 2EVHUYDVHTXHDFRPSRVLomRpWQLFDGRWUDEDOKRLQIRUPDODSUH VHQWDDLQGDXPDSDUWLFLSDomRPDMRULWiULDGHQHJURVFRPRILFRXHYL GHQFLDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH 1R HQWDQWRFRQVWDWDVHTXHQRVpFXOR FUHVFHDSUHVHQoDGHWUDEDOKDGRUHVEUDQFRV
(145) QDLQIRUPDOLGDGH 2V´JDQKDGRUHVµQRVpFXOR DSUHVHQWDYDPXPDSDUWLFLSDomRLQ VLJQLILFDQWH GH EUDQFRV
(146) HQTXDQWR RV SUHWRV UHSUHVHQWDYDP
(147) 1RTXHVHUHIHUHDRFRQWUROHGRSRGHUS~EOLFRRVWUDEDOKDGR UHV LQIRUPDLV HP 6DOYDGRU VmR DOYR GH UHSUHVVmR VHQGR ´SHUVHJXL GRVµH´FRPEDWLGRVµSHODSUHIHLWXUDPXQLFLSDO8PDWHQWDWLYDGHHV FRQGHUDVDWLYLGDGHVLQIRUPDLVRXGHLQLELODVFRPRRFRUULDQRVpFX OR FRPDVVXFHVVLYDVSHUVHJXLo}HVDRV´JDQKDGRUHVµH´FDUUHJD GRUHVµRVTXDLVDSDUWLUGHXPGHWHUPLQDGRPRPHQWRVySXGHUDP H[HUFHU VXDV DWLYLGDGHV OLYUHPHQWH VH HVWLYHVVHP GHYLGDPHQWH UHJLV WUDGRVHPXP´FDQWRµHSDUDLVVRHUDIHLWRXPUHJLVWURQXP/LYURGH 0DWUtFXODFRQWURODGRSHODSROtFLD1DYHUGDGHHUDIHLWDXPDILFKDSR OLFLDOFRPFDUDFWHUHVItVLFRVGHFDGDWUDEDOKDGRU+RMHRVYHQGHGRUHV DPEXODQWHV UHJXODPHQWDGRV VmR REULJDGRV D XVDU FUDFKi GH LGHQWLILFD omRHPDOJXQVFDVRVIDUGDVQRXWURVKiGHOLPLWDomRGDTXDQWLGDGHGH SURGXWRVQDEDUUDFDRXVRGHFDGHLUDVRXVRGRHVSDoRS~EOLFRHQ ILPRWUDEDOKRLQIRUPDODLQGDpSHUPHDGRSRUXPDJDPDGHIDWRUHV FRHUFLWLYRV TXH HQWUH RXWUDV FRLVDV SRVVLELOLWDP D LGHQWLILFDomRSD GURQL]DomRHR´FRQWUROHµ 2EVHUYDVHWDPEpPQHVVHSDUDOHORHQWUHRVGRLVSHUtRGRVKLV WyULFRVFRQVLGHUDGRVXPDPDLRUKHWHURJHQHLGDGHGDDWLYLGDGHLQIRU PDODWXDOPDLVQXPHURVDHGLIHUHQFLDGD1mRVyRQ~PHURGHDWLYL GDGHVFUHVFHXHVHGLYHUVLILFRXFRPRVHFRQVWDWDSHUPDQHQWHPHQWH DURWDWLYLGDGHHDLQWURGXomRGHQRYDVDWLYLGDGHV$RPHVPRWHPSR CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(148) 306. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA.... REVHUYDVH D H[LVWrQFLDGHDWLYLGDGHV´WUDGLFLRQDLVµ SUHVHQWHVQRVp FXOR
(149) D H[HPSOR GRV YHQGHGRUHV DPEXODQWHV H SUHVWDGRUHV GH VHUYLoRV TXH FKHJDP D XP SHUFHQWXDO GH GD DPRVWUD VHP FRQVLGHUDUDV´EDLDQDVGHDFDUDMpµ 1RVpFXORGHYLGRDRIDWRGHDVRFLHGDGHVRWHURSROLWDQDVHU VHGLPHQWDGD FRP VHXV HVSDoRV VRFLHWDLV SUpGHILQLGRV WRUQDYDVH SUDWLFDPHQWHLPSRVVtYHORFRUUHUPRELOLGDGH1DTXHOHFRQWH[WRRWUD EDOKDGRUTXHHVWDYDLQVHULGRQRWUDEDOKRLQIRUPDOWHQGHULDDHVWDJQDU QDTXHOD DWLYLGDGH H QDV PHVPDV FRQGLo}HV SUHFiULDV LQVHJXUDV H ´PDUJLQDOL]DGDVµ+RMHH[LVWHDPRELOLGDGHHDWpFDVRV²PHVPRTXH SRXFRV²HPTXHDOJXQVWUDEDOKDGRUHVVHLQVHUHPQD´LQIRUPDOLGDGHµ HFRQVHJXHPDOFDQoDUXPHVWUDWRVRFLDOPDLVHOHYDGRRXSHORPHQRV DXIHULU ´VWDWXVµ HOHYDGR D H[HPSOR GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV GH WUDQVSRUWH HVFRODU TXH Mi FRQVHJXHP DXIHULU UHQGD VXILFLHQWH SDUD SDJDU SUHYLGrQFLD SULYDGD HQILP FRQVWLWXLU XPD JDPD GH FDUDFWHUHV TXH SRVVLELOLWHP XPD ´ERDµ FRQGLomR GH YLGD 1R HQWDQWR p QHFHVViULR GHVWDFDUTXHSDUWHGHVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUHVMiHVWHYHLQVHULGDHPDWLYLGD GHV IRUPDLV H IRL GHPLWLGD QmR FRQVHJXLQGR PDLV HPSUHJR R TXH VLJQLILFDXPDSHUGDHXPDPXGDQoDSDUDXPDVLWXDomRLQIHULRUGHWUD EDOKRHGHYLGD 1RSODQRPDLVJHUDOSRGHVHDILUPDUTXHRWUDEDOKROLYUHQDV UXDVGH6DOYDGRUQRVpFXOR SRUPDLVSUHFiULRTXHIRVVHUHSUH VHQWRX XPD VLWXDomR GH DYDQoR HP UHODomR DR SHUtRGR DQWHULRU D IRUPDGHWUDEDOKRHVFUDYR
(150) $LQGDDVVLPQmRHUDXPDDWLYLGDGHWLSL FDPHQWHFDSLWDOLVWD WUDEDOKRDVVDODULDGR
(151) 2GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRFD SLWDOLVPRQR%UDVLODVVHQWDGRQDHVWUXWXUDomRGHXPVHWRULQGXVWULDO PRGHUQRQmRFRQVHJXLXDEVRUYHUWRGRRFRQWLQJHQWHGDIRUoDGHWUD EDOKRQDFLRQDO1HVWHPRPHQWRGHWUDQVLomRGRVpFXORSDUDRVp FXORTXDQGRVHREVHUYDPDUHHVWUXWXUDomRSURGXWLYDHDGHVUHJX ODomRGRVPHUFDGRVGHWUDEDOKRH[LVWHQWHVYHPRFRUUHQGRXPDHVSp FLHGHUHJUHVVmRVRFLDOGDIRUPDGHWUDEDOKR+iXPDGLPLQXLomRFRQ VLGHUiYHOGRWUDEDOKR´IRUPDOµ SURWHJLGRSRUOHL
(152) HXPDXPHQWRFRQ CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002.
(153) Bruno José Rodrigues Durães. 307. VLGHUiYHOGDSUHFDUL]DomRGRWUDEDOKRSULQFLSDOPHQWHGRWUDEDOKRGH UXDDOpPGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVWHUFHLUL]DGRVVHPUHJLVWURTXHHVWmRLQVH ULGRV WDQWR HP PRGHUQDV LQG~VWULDV QDFLRQDLV FRPR HP PXOWLQDFLR QDLVDOpPGHJUDQGHVHPSUHVDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDo}HVPDUNHWLQJHQWUH RXWUDV$LQGDDVVLPVmRWUDEDOKDGRUHVSUHFiULRVVXEFRQWUDWDGRVFRP VDOiULRV LQIHULRUHV H SRU WHPSR GHWHUPLQDGR VHP GLUHLWRV TXH WDP EpP FRQVWLWXHP XPD SDUFHOD FRQVLGHUiYHO GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV LQIRU PDLV 8PD GDV JUDQGHV GLIHUHQoDV H DR PHVPR WHPSR XPD GDV VH PHOKDQoDVTXHVHSRGHPREVHUYDUQRVGLDVDWXDLVHPUHODomRDRVp FXORpRSDSHOGRSRGHUS~EOLFRHPUHODomRDRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVGH UXD6XDSUHVHQoDRFRUUHSRUXPODGRDWUDYpVGDUHSUHVVmRHGDIRU oD H QmR DWUDYpV GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV H GHIRUPDVGHUHJXODomRTXH SURSLFLDVVHPDOJXPDVJDUDQWLDVGHLQVHUomRHGHYLGDGLJQDDRVWUDED OKDGRUHV4XDQWRDHVVHDVSHFWRKiXPDVHPHOKDQoDFRPDDWXDomR GR´(VWDGRµQRVpFXOR 0DVSRURXWURODGRHVVDDomRGRSRGHU S~EOLFRQmRFRQVHJXHRFXOWDUDUHDOLGDGHGRWUDEDOKRQDVUXDVHP6DO YDGRU2V´FDQWRVµHVWmRHPWRGRVRVFDQWRVGDFLGDGHXPDHVSpFLH GHH[WUDSRODomRGHVVDVDWLYLGDGHVSRUYiULRVHVSDoRVRTXHWRUQDLP SRVVtYHORVHXRFXOWDPHQWR$VVLPpPXLWRYLVtYHORTXDGURGHSUHFD UL]DomR²TXHVHFKRFDFRPDEHOH]DQDWXUDOGDFLGDGH²GRVTXHVHP RXWUDDOWHUQDWLYDYmRRFXSDQGRFDGDYH]PDLVHVSDoRVQDVUXDVSDUD H[HUFHUDVXDDWLYLGDGHGHWUDEDOKRHFRQTXLVWDUDVREUHYLYrQFLD
(154) . .
(155) . REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.
(156)
(157)
(158) 2 WUDEDOKR QR VpFXOR ;;,. . . . !. FRQVLGHUDo}HV SDUD R IXWXUR GR WUDEDOKR 6mR 3DX. OR 6LQGLFDWR GRV %DQFiULRV GD %DKLD . . 3DXOR (GXDUGR $QGUDGH. . EDOKR H LQIRUPDOLGDGH QRV DQRV . &OiXGLR 6DOYDWRUL 0HUFDGR GH WUD.
(159)
(160)
(161). Y QHVSHFLDO S. CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002. 6mR 3DXOR.
(162) 308. “TRABALHO INFORMAL”: UM PARALELO ENTRE OS TRABALHADORES DE RUA....
(163) . 0DULD &ULVWLQD $ HFRQRPLD LQIRUPDO DQRV GHSRLV.
(164) . 3RUWR $OHJUH Y Q MDQ . 0DULD &ULVWLQD $V HFRQRPLDV LQIRUPDO H VXEPHUVD FRQFHLWRV H GLV. WULEXLomR GH UHQGD ,Q.
(165) . . 2UJV
(166).
(167)
(168)
(169) . 5LR GH -DQHLUR 3D] H 7HUUD S.
(170) . . 0DULD &ULVWLQD*OREDOL]DomR H SURFHVVR GH LQIRUPDOLGDGH.
(171) . &DPSLQDV 8QLFDPS ,( MXQ S Q . . ,QDLi.
(172) . 6DOYDGRU. ,QDLi. . GH. . $ $ SURGXomR QmRFDSLWDOLVWD QR GHVHQ.
(173)
(174)
(175)
(176)
(177)
(178) &5+8)%$ &13 +8*21 YROYLPHQWR GR FDSLWDOLVPR HP 6DOYDGRU ,Q . *XDUDFL. 3HWUySROLV 9R]HV. $OYHV GH. . . 0DULD GD *UDoD. R WUDEDOKR QDV UX. DV HP 6DOYDGRU 6DOYDGRU. 3URMHWR LQGLYLGXDO GH SHVTXLVD ². T PLPHR. 3KLOLSSH 2 VHWRU LQIRUPDO EDODQoR GH DQRV GH WUDEDOKR.
(179) . . 3RUWR $OHJUH Y Q S . )(55(,5$. $OEHUWR +HUiFOLWR )LOKR 'HVDIULFDQL]DU DV UXDV HOLWHV OHWUDGDV PXOKHUHV. SREUHV H FXOWXUD SRSXODU HP 6DOYDGRU.
(180)
(181). >6O@ Q S. . +2/$1'$. 6pUJLR %XDUTXH GH.
(182)
(183) . HG 6mR 3DXOR &RPSDQKLD GDV. /HWUDV . ,92. $QHWH %ULWR /HDO.
(184). WUDGLomR H GHSHQGrQFLD 6DOYDGRU S 0HV. WUDGR &LrQFLDV +XPDQDV
(185) ² )DFXOGDGH GH )LORVRILD H &LrQFLDV +XPDQDV8)%$. 0$77262. .iWLD 0 GH 4XHLUyV.
(186) . XPD SURYtQFLD QR LPSpULR. 7UDG GH <HGGD GH 0DFHGR 6RDUHV 5LR GH -DQHLUR 1RYD )URQWHLUD S. . .iWLD 0 GH 4XHLUyV.
(187) .
(188)
(189)
(190)
(191) . 6mR 3DXOR +XFLWHF 6HFUHWDULD 0XQLFLSDO GH (GXFDomR H &XOWXUD . S.
(192)
(193)
(194)
(195)
(196)
(197) .iWLD 0 GH 4XHLUyV. 6DOYDGRU S. . . -RmR -RVp $ JUHYH QHJUD GH QD %DKLD.
(198). 6mR 3DXOR Q. MXODJR . 5(,6. -RmR -RVp 'H ROKR QR FDQWR WUDEDOKR GH UXD QD %DKLD QD YpVSHUD GD DEROLomR. . >6O@ Q S . 6(11(77. 5LFKDUG. . FRQVHTrQFLDV SHVVRDLV GR WUDEDOKR QR. QRYR FDSLWDOLVPR 7UDG 0DUFRV 6DQWDUULWD 5LR GH -DQHLUR6mR 3DXOR (GLWRUD 5H FRUG . 628=$. *XDUDFL. $ $. GH )$5,$ 9LOPDU 2UJV
(199). . SROLV 9R]HV S. CADERNO CRH, Salvador, n. 37, p. 289-308, jul./dez. 2002. 3HWUy.
(200)
Documentos relacionados
Referencias Bibliográficas 33.. Monografia de Graduação do Curso de Geografia/UFPB. A Evolução da Ocupação de Tambaú - Do início do Século XIX ao Século XXI. Autor:
O apelo é que os profissionais possam trabalhar temáticas sobre a promoção da saúde (com foco nas modificações do estilo de vida) e em conjunto promover a saúde integral
Esses fatos remetem aos efeitos de sentido, gerados principalmente com a ascensão de sujeitos políticos da extrema direita como ocorreu no Brasil, com a eleição de Jair
Grande parte deste imigrantes provêm de países muçulmanos do Norte de África (Argélia, Tunísia, Marrocos, etc), e mais recentemente também da Turquia.. ¾ Grã-Bretanha: Em 2001,
O relatório Envelhecimento no Século XXI: Celebração e Desafio analisa a situação atual das pessoas idosas e o progresso nas políticas e ações adotadas por governos e
Os PDM são adoptados sobretudo como instrumentos de gestão urbanística, não há a monitorização e avaliação do ordenamento do território e não se contribui para processos
Os estudos farmacológicos com psicodélicos têm como principal entrave não mais o proibicionismo, como pode-se observar pelo crescente número de laboratórios e
Conjunto das técnicas, processos e métodos específicos de uma ciência, ofício, indústria etc; ciência que trata dos métodos e do desenvolvimento das artes industriais: a