Augusto. Museo Capitolino (Pallazzo Nuovo)
FACULDADE DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTODEESTUDOSCLÁSSICOS
História da Antiguidade Clássica
1º semestre 2021/2022
DOCENTE: Rodrigo Furtado (rodrigo.furtado@campus.ul.pt)
1. Programa
O mundo antigo oscila entre dois modos diferentes de conceber, organizar e exercer o poder: por um lado, o modelo da cidade-estado, nas suas múltiplas formas de governo próprio; por outro, os grandes impérios territoriais multi-étnicos, com os seus reis, faraós ou imperadores. Ambos os modelos conviveram no espaço alargado do Mediterrâneo durante vários milénios. Nesta UC olharemos para a evolução destas duas realidades sobretudo ao longo do 1º milénio a.C., centrando a análise no mundo grego e no mundo romano. O programa está estruturado em cinco momentos: A ‘revolução’ orientalizante e o surgimento da polis (VIII-VI a.C.); a democracia e o império atenienses (V a.C.); Os impérios territoriais no Mediterrâneo e a expansão da polis (IV-III a.C.);
Choque entre Roma, Cartago e os reinos helenísticos – uma revolução geopolítica. (II-I a.C.); entre a Respublica e o Império romanos: a (im)possibilidade da síntese (I a.C.-II d.C.).
I. A ‘revolução’ orientalizante e o surgimento da polis (VIII-VI a.C.).
Entre ‘Homero’ e Teógnis de Mégara: como a poesia se torna história.
Génese e diversificação das estruturas políticas no Egeu. Um período de migrações: a colonização grega.
O «pseudo-arcaísmo» espartano – “Licurgo” e a rhêtra; a sociedade espartana.
Atenas arcaica: famílias e conflitos aristocráticos – a eunomia soloniana e a tirania dos Pisistrátidas.
II. A democracia ateniense (V a.C.).
Reformas institucionais, solidariedades locais, conflitos aristocráticos – como se constrói a democracia?
As instituições da democracia: o funcionamento político e institucional da polis dos Atenienses.
O ‘Império’ no Egeu: contra os Persas; contra a Liga do Peloponeso. A simaquia de Delos.
III. Os impérios territoriais no Mediterrâneo e a expansão da polis (IV-III a.C.) O Mediterrâneo no século III a.C.: geopolítica e áreas culturais.
A polis no Mediterrâneo Oriental – êxito, expansão e reconversão de um modelo: apogeu do sistema.
Uma corte grega no Nilo: o Egipto ptolemaico – tradição e permeabilidade nas monarquias helenísticas Na Itália: compromisso social e estrutura institucional na construção de Roma.
IV. Choque entre titãs – uma revolução geopolítica. (II-I a.C.)
Da liga latina à conquista do Mediterrâneo ou como tornar uma cidade-estado na capital de um Império.
O impacte do Império (I): a construção da identidade romana e os processos de “Romanização”.
O impacte do Império (II): governar o Mediterrâneo como uma cidade: a desagregação.
V. Entre a Respublica e o Império: a (im)possibilidade da síntese (I a.C.-II d.C.).
Optimates vs. populares: os programas ideológicos ou ‘como salvar a República’?
A resposta augustana: uma República que não morre e uma monarquia que não se nomeia.
Um regime em experimentação contínua: o Principado.
2. Avaliação 1.UM ÚNICO ENSAIO CURTO
a) máximo 2500 palavras (máximo: 6-7 páginas, escritas em Times New Roman, 12, single space), excluindo bibliografia.
b) Entregar em Word, para o mail: rodrigo.furtado@campus.ul.pt.
c) Data de entrega: até 8 de Dezembro de 2021.
d) Temas: ver Drive 2.TESTE FINAL
ELEMENTOS DE
AVALIAÇÃO
PONDERAÇÃO
Ensaio até 8 Dez. 4.ª f. 23h59m por mail obrigatório 40%
Teste final
1ª 17 Dez. 6ª f. 17h-18.30h a
determinar escolher apenas
uma das chamadas 60%
2ª 21 Dez. 3ª f. a
determinar a determinar
3. Planificação de Aulas e de Leituras Esta planificação pretende auxiliar os alunos na sua própria preparação para as aulas. Pressupõe-se que, para cada aula, o aluno tenha lido os textos.
1 Entre ‘Homero’ e Teógnis de Mégara: como a poesia se torna história.
• Leitura de excertos de Homero, Hesíodo e poetas arcaicos.
2 Génese e diversificação das estruturas políticas no Egeu. Um período de migrações: a colonização grega.
• A Companion to Archaic Greece (2009),64-80.
3 O «pseudo-arcaísmo» espartano – “Licurgo” e a rhêtra; a sociedade espartana.
• POMEROY et alii(1999),131-158.
4 Atenas arcaica: famílias e conflitos aristocráticos – a eunomia soloniana e a tirania dos Pisistrátidas.
• A companion to Archaic Greece: 138-161.
5 Reformas institucionais, solidariedades locais, conflitos aristocráticos – como se constrói a democracia?
• FERREIRA (1992), 85-125.
6 As instituições da democracia: o funcionamento político e institucional da polis dos Atenienses.
• FERREIRA (1990), 83-130.
7 O ‘Império’ no Egeu: contra os Persas; contra a Liga do Peloponeso. A simaquia de Delos.
• MOSSÉ/SCHNAPP-GOURBEILLON (1991), 243-245, 257-269, 271-299.
8 O Mediterrâneo no século III a.C.: geopolítica e áreas culturais.
• Mapas do Mediterrâneo no século III.
9 A polis no Mediterrâneo Oriental – êxito, expansão e reconversão de um modelo: apogeu do sistema.
• A Companion to the Hellenistic World (2003), 196-215.
10 Uma corte grega no Nilo: o Egipto ptolemaico – tradição e permeabilidade nas monarquias helenísticas.
• A companion to the Hellenistic World (2003), 105-120.
11 Na Itália: compromisso social e estrutura institucional na construção de Roma.
• The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic(2004),15-30.
12 Da liga latina à conquista do Mediterrâneo ou como tornar uma cidade-estado na capital de um Império.
• A companion to the Roman Republic (2006), 147-166.
13 O impacte do Império (I): a construção da identidade romana e os processos de “Romanização”.
• BEARD (2015),97-118.
14 O impacte do Império (II): governar o Mediterrâneo como uma cidade: a desagregação.
• A companion to the Roman Republic (2006), 625-637.
15 Optimates vs. populares: os programas ideológicos ou ‘como salvar a República’?
• BORDET (1995),119-159;176-192.
16
A resposta augustana: entre a República e o Principado.
• BEARD (2015),189-215.
17 Um regime em experimentação contínua: o Principado.
• A Companion to the Roman empire (2006), 114-152.
4. Bibliografia
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