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Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45(2):275, mar-abr, 2012

1. Curso de Graduação Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG.

Address to: Dr. José Roberto Lambertucci. Deptº de Clínica Médica/FM/UFMG.

Av Alfredo Balena 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Phone: 55 31 3337-7781

e-mail: lamber@uai.com.br Received in 25/03/2012 Accepted in 26/03/2012

Images in Infectious Diseases/Imagens em DIP

REFERENCES

An AIDS patient asks for help

Paciente com AIDS pede socorro

José Roberto Lambertucci

1

A 21-year-old male patient with congenital human immunodeiciency virus (HIV) infection came to hospital complaining of fever, weight loss, diarrhea and abdominal pain which started three months earlier. He was the only son of a mother with Acquired immune deiciency syndrome (AIDS) who died two years ater his delivery. He was raised by his grandparents and was being followed up at the outpatient clinic of our hospital. During adolescence he denied the disease, started using crack and cocaine, and frequently discontinued AIDS treatment (zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz). During clinical examination, he appeared ill, dehydrated, emaciated and complained of difuse uncharacteristic abdominal pain (partially releaved with intravenous morphine). A tatoo on his forearm called the atention: socorro (help me in english - Figure A). He was hostile and manipulative. A colonoscopy with intestinal biopsy revealed the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Ultrasound showed several intraabdominal lymph nodes and treatment with clarythromycin and ethambutol was started. Parenteral nutrition was also started and he improved slowly. he psychiatry consultant prescribed antidepressant and benzodiazepine agents. His mood varied greatly: occasionally he cooperated with the health personnel but, oten, was agressive, and threathened to inject nurses and physicians with his blood. One day he fled the hospital. Four days later he returned to the emergence room in bad clinical condition. During the second admission he was given neuroleptic drugs and became more cooperative. He improved, was dismissed from hospital ater request and died at home one month later. His grandmother conided to the physician that she was exausted and not willing to help him any longer. his patient seems to belong to a group of hateful patients classiied by psychoanalysts as manipulative help-rejecters.

O paciente, de 21 anos, com infecção congênita pelo vírus da imunodeiciência humana (HIV) foi admitido ao hospital queixando-se de febre, perda de peso, diarréia e dor abdominal de início havia três meses. Ele era ilho único de mãe com síndrome da imunodeiciência adquirida (AIDS) que morrera dois anos após o seu nascimento. Os avós assumiram o compromisso de criá-lo e o acompanhavam ao controle periódico no ambulatório do nosso hospital. Durante a adolescência ele começara a negar a doença e fazer uso de drogas ilícitas (crack e cocaína) e havia relato de interrupção frequente do tratamento com antirretrovirais (zidovudina, lamivudina, efavirenz). Ao exame clínico ele aparentava estar doente, desidratado, emagrecido

A

e queixava-se de dor abdominal difusa incaracterística (em uso contínuo de morina com melhora parcial). Uma tatuagem no ante-braço direito chamava a atenção: socorro (Figura A). Ele mostrou-se manipulador e hostil. A biópsia retal realizada durante colonoscopia revelou o diagnóstico de infecção pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium. O ultrassom do abdômen revelou a presença de inúmeros linfonodos intra-abdominais e ele foi tratado com claritromicina e etambutol. Iniciou-se também nutrição parenteral e houve melhora clínica progressiva. O psiquiatra sugeriu o uso de anti-depressivo e benzodiazepínico, com pouca melhora. O paciente tinha humor variável: ocasionalmente cooperava com os proissionais de saúde, mas, frequentemente, tornava-se agressivo e ameaçava infectar as enfermeiras e médicos usando seringa contendo o seu próprio sangue. Em momento de descontrole abandonou o hospital sem permissão. Quatro dias mais tarde foi re-admitido em precárias condições de saúde. Durante a segunda admissão, após o uso de neurolépticos, tornou-se mais cooperativo. Trinta dias após alta hospitalar, morreu em casa. A sua avó conidenciou ao médico que estava cansada de abrigá-lo e não mais se dispunha a dar-lhe a ajuda costumeira. Este paciente parece se enquadrar em um grupo de indivíduos classiicados pelos psicanalistas como negadores de ajuda-manipuladores.

1. Groves JE. Taking care of the hateful patient. N Engl J Med 1978; 298:883-887. 2. Lambertucci JR, Rayes AA, Nunes F, Landazuri-Palacios JE, Nobre V. Fever of undetermined origin in patients with the acquired immunodeiciency syndrome in Brazil: report on 55 cases. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1999; 41:27-32. 3. Nobre V, Braga E, Rayes A, Serufo JC, Godoy P, Nunes N, et al. Opportunistic

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