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Pertença e nacionalidade: a auto-identificação dos imigrantes cabo-verdianos e brasileiros residentes em Portugal

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(1)3456789.

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(5) 3456789. F 8* =496895 8 *(7 (*67 9A(874* ( C5( 9D4 M (W8A8>. =4968958> >( 6(8F47 & (967( 4 9 *=88(964 ( 7(*8>P9=8 I % 7. &M8 >8**4G 8 96M8[*( F4**8E8&8> >( >4 <8&J4 >( F 8* (*67 9A(874* >C58787. 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* F47 478A(8G *( 4* F 8* >(=& 7 7(8 C5( C5(7(8 C5( 4 <8&J4 *(N. F4765A5P* ( *( 9D4 (*68B(7(8 4 *(7B8?4 >( 7*6 >4 (*67 9A(874 ( 68B(7(8 7(*8>P9=8 &(A & (8 %4765A & JQ F(&4 8(94* =89=4 94*I L4 C5( 7(*F(86 m 9 657 &8S ?D4G <48 (&8889 >. 4E78A ?D4 >4 = 9>8> 64 >(849*67 7. n(W8*6P9=8 >( 58 &8A ?D4 (<(=68B m =48598> >( 9 =849 &oG F(9 * &J( *(9>4 (W8A8>4 C5( =49J(? n*5<8=8(96(8(96(o &H9A5 F4765A5(* ( C5( 7(*8> JQ F(&4 8(94* *(8* 94* (8 6(7786O784 F4765A5P*G F 7. &M8 >( >(B(7 *(7 8 847 45 (8 9=8F >4 ( >( 9D4 6(7 *8>4 =49>(9 >4 F(& F7Q68= >( =788( F59HB(& =48 F(9 *5F(7847 67P* 94* >( F78*D4I x48 89> *(78 8(96( &8886 >. &8E(7> >( >( F7(=8 ?D4 >4* F(>8>4* >( 9 657 &8S ?D4G F48* (9C5 964 96(78478(96(G ( FO* B(78<8= ?D4 >4 =58F788(964 >4* 7(C58*864* F7(B8*64* 9. &(8G (7 F4**HB(& =49=(**D4 45 9D4 9 =849 &8> >(G 8**4 >(8W45 >( =496(=(7 F 7687 >( 9::;G F ** 9>4 *(7 4E78A 6O784 4 7(=49J(=88(964 >4 >87(864 m 9 =849 &8> >( ( *5 =49=(**D4I 7*6 * 85> 9? * 94 7(A88( &(A & 68B(7 8 58 88F =64 *8A98<8= 68B4 94 9K8(74 >( F74=(**4* >( C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* C5( <47 8 *5E8(68>4* m F7(=8 ?D4 >. )49*(7B 6O78 >4* Z(A8*64* )(967 8* p6 E(& +wI L 7( &8> >(G (8E47 *( B(78<8C5( 58 =7(*=88(964 *5*6(96 >4 >4* F74=(**4* 4 &49A4 >4 F(7H4>4 >( +yy; 9::yG M (8 9::t C5( 4=477( 4 8 847 58(964G C5 9>4 <47 8 7(=(E8>4* 9yIz{s F(>8>4*G B &47 (**( C5( M *5F(7847G F47 (W(8F&4G m *48 >4 646 & >( F74=(**4* *5E8(68>4* 94* *(8* 94* 96(7847(* p9::+ 9::;wI. 00.

(6) 3456789. f E(& + ^ %74=(**4* >( C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( p+yy;[9::yw.  €‚ƒ . „ † „‡ ˆ . „ ˆ „‡‰‰„. „ ‰ Š‡‹ˆ„. „ Š‡ ‰Œ. ŠŒŒŒ ‹‡Šˆˆ. ŠŒŒ„ ‹‡‰‰†. ŠŒŒŠ ‹‡ ‹†. ŠŒŒ‹ ‡ˆŒŠ. ŠŒŒ Ž‡„„. ŠŒŒŽ ‡„Ž. ŠŒŒ† ˆ‡ŠŠˆ. ŠŒŒˆ Š ‡‰Ž‹. ŠŒŒ‰ ‹†‡†Œ } ŠŒŒ ‹„‡ †„. x496(U 387(=?D4[~(7 & > %4&H68= >( 5*68? G 9:+sI. L4* K&6884* >48* 94*G =48 4EN(=68B4* >8<(7(96(*G <47 8 (<(=65 > * 94B * &6(7 ?@(* 94 7(A88( N57H>8=4 > 9 =849 &8> >(I R**88G (8 9:+sG 4 768A4 ;IrG > \(8 > L =849 &8> >(G <48 &6(7 >4 F(& \(8 ]7Aq98= 9Ir +u9:+sG >( s >( ]565E74G <8= 9>4 4* >(*=(9>(96(* >( N5>(5* *(< 7>86 * F4765A5(*(* >8*F(9* >4* >4 =49J(=88(964 > &H9A5 F4765A5(* ( > 7(*8>P9=8 (8 6(7786O784 F4765A5P*G >(*>( C5( >(849*67(8 nF(76(9?. 58 =48598> >( *(< 7>86 >( 478A(8 F4765A5(* G =48 E *( (8 7(C58*864* 4EN(68B4* =48F74B >4* >( &8A ?D4 %4765A &G >(*8A9 > 8(96( F(&8>4*G 8>848 < 88&8 7G >(*=(9>P9=8 >87(6 45 =4& 6(7 &oI %47 *5 B(SG \(8 ]7Aq98= 9Ir zu9:+{G >( 99 >( 59J4G B(84 >86 7 58 94B4 7(C58*864 F 7. =49=(**D4 > 9 657 &8S ?D4G 88F49>4 C5( 4 896(7(** >4 9D4 F4>( =49*686587 58 F(78A4 45 58. 8( ? F 7. *(A57 9? 45 >(<(* 9 =849 &G (8 7 SD4 >4 *(5 (9B4&B88(964 (8 0|.

(7) 3456789. =68B8> >(* 7(& =849 > * =48 F7Q68= >4 6(77478*84I 7*6( 7(C58*864 F **45 6 8EM8. =49*686587 <59> 8(964 F 7 4F4*8?D4 m C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( p 768A4 yIrG &I 3wI R (*67 6MA8 >( 568&8S ?D4 > =49=(**D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(*. 4* (*67 9A(874* =484 B8 F 7 *5F787 & =59 * >4 (*6 6564 >( =8> > 98 F 7(=([94* >5B8>4* G F48*. 9 =849 &8> >( 9D4 >(B( *(7 =49*8>(7 > =484 58 (*6 6564 N57H>8=4 >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(* p(**( M 4 = 8F4 4F(7 68B4 > =8> > 98 wG 58 B(S C5( (& (WF7(** G *4E7(65>4G &8A ?D4 >( 58 89>8BH>54 58 9 ?D4I 3(*6( 84>4G 4 7(C5(7(96( F7(6(9>(9>4 89A7(** 7 9 9 ?D4G >(B( *(7 = F S >( >(849*67 7 (W8*6P9=8 >( 58 C5 &C5(7 &8A ?D4 (967( (&( ( 9 ?D4G 9D4 *(9>4 *5<8=8(96(G F 7 8**4G 8(7 (W8*6P9=8 >( 58 896(7(**( 45 B 96 A(8 89>8B8>5 & 9. C58*8?D4 >. 9 =849 &8> >(I L(8 *(8F7( * >8<(7(9? * >( (*6 6564 N57H>8=4 (967( 4* (*67 9A(874* ( 4* 9 =849 8* *D4 89 >88**HB(8*G F(&4 C5( 88F476 B(78<8= 7 (8 C5( 8(>8> (& * *D4 N5*68<8=QB(8*I 7G *( 9D4 4 <47(8G (96D4 8(&J47 <478 >( F7484B(7 8A5 &> >( F 7(=( C5( *(7Q C5(& C5( =49*8*6( 9. (&8889 ?D4 > * >8*F4*8?@(* &(A 8* ( > * 8(>8> * F4&H68= * C5( =49* A7 8 (**( 67 6 8(964 >8<(7(9=8 >4I R**88G F47 (W(8F&4G 9D4 F 7(=( < S(7 *(968>4 678E587 >87(864* F4&H68=4* 6578*6 * ( 94 = *4 >4* 888A7 96(* 8**4 *O *( N5*68<8= C5 9>4 (*6(* 68B(7 8 4F476598> >( >( =49J(=(7. *865 ?D4 *4=8 & ( F4&H68= 9 =849 & ( >( >(*(9B4&B(7 4 896(7(**( F(& F 768=8F ?D4 F4&H68= G 4 C5( F 7(=( F7(**5F47 4E*(7Bq9=8 >( F(7H4>4* 8H9884* >( 7(*8>P9=8 =496H95 ( 7(A5& 7 (8 %4765A &X =484 6 &G 9D4 (*6 84* F(7 96( 58 >8<(7(9? >( 67 6 8(964 89 >88**HB(& < =( 4* 9 =849 8*I L4 (96 964G NQ 9D4 F 7(=( =(86QB(& C5(G F47 <47? >4 F789=HF84 > 7(=8F74=8> >(G (*67 9A(874* C5( (*6D4 9 * 8(*8 * =49>8?@(*G 9D4 E(9(<8=8(8 >4* 8(*84* >87(864*G =484 *5=(>( =48 F4**8E8&8> >( >( F 768=8F ?D4 9 * (&(8?@(* 56Q7C58= *G F47C5( 8**4 *( 87Q 67 >5S87 9 >8*=78889 ?D4 ( 8 7A89 &8S ?D4 >( 58 F 76( >4* (*67 9A(874*G *(8 58 7 SD4 F& 5*HB(&I ‘-’}/b“c2/bdc3b3g}g}b}“c3b3b/cb 78E47 67 >8=849 &8(96( *(N >8<H=8& (*6 E(&(=(7 58 =49=(864 >( 9 ?D4 C5( F4**. 8(7(=(7 58. >(*D4 & 7A > G 58 B(S C5( = > 58 >4* (&(8(964* > >(<898?D4 C5( 6P8 *8>4 F74F4*64* M *5*=(F6HB(& >( C5(*6849 8(964 C5 964 4 *(5 =496(K>4 ( 88F476q9=8 G (96(9>(84* C5( (& >(*8A9 4 =49N5964 >( F(**4 * C5( 9 F4**( >( 58 6(7786O784 ( 598> * F47 & ?4* =4859*G F 768&J 8 58 =5&657 FKE&8= ( *F87 8 4 (W(7=H=84 >4 F4>(7 F4&H68=4 *4E(7 94I % 7 8**4 =78 8 58 7*6 >4G 4 C5 & M =49*6865H>4 F(&4 =49N5964 >( 89*68658?@(* C5( (W(7=(8 4 F4>(7 F4&H68=4 ( 6P8 4 8494FO&84 >4 5*4 &(AH6884 > <47? 94 896(7847 >4 6(7786O784I 0.

(8) . 3456789. )484 6 &G ( *(A59>4 l886JG 4 7*6 >4 9 =849 & 9 > 8 8* M >4 C5( n58 89*6758(964 F 7. (W(=56 7 B496 >( > 9 ?D4o pl886JG +yyyG FI y{w (G *( **88 MG *(7Q K68& 8 96(7 *(F 7 ?D4 =49=(F65 & (967( 9 ?D4 ( 4 7*6 >4 (G =49*(C5(96(8(96(G (967( 9 =849 &8> >( (. =8> > 98 I Y8 > * =& **8<8= ?@(* C5( 6(8 &88(96 >4 >8*=5**D4 *4E7( 9 ?D4G M C5(& C5( 4F@( 9 ?D4 M698= m 9 ?D4 =HB8= G ( C5( 7(*5&6 > F49>(7 ?D4 >4 68F4 >( & ?4* C5( 59( 4* 7(*F(=68B4* 8(8E74*I R**88G 9 ?D4 M698= *(78. C5(& (8 C5( M =49<(78> 58 8 847 88F476q9=8. 4* (&(8(964* M698=4* 9 =49*675?D4 > 9 ?D4G =484 >(*=(9>P9=8 =4858G (9C5 964 9 9 ?D4 =HB8= *( 6(9>(78 8 8* (&(8(964* =484 7(*8>P9=8 94 6(7786O784 45 * 7(& ?@(* (W8*6(96(* (967( 4* 89>8BH>54*I L4 (96 964G BQ784* 5647(* C5(*6849 8 (*6 4F4*8?D4 (967( 9 ?D4 M698= ( 9 ?D4 =HB8= G 7A58(96 9>4 C5( 64> * * 9 ?@(* 896(A7 8 (&(8(964* >( E *( M698= ( >( E *( =HB8= G B 78 9>4 F(9 * 4 F(*4 C5( M 678E5H>4 = > 58 >(&(*I % 7. &M8 >8**4G 9 E *( >(*6( E89O884 F 7(=( C5( (*6 *5EN =(96( 45674 68F4 >( =& **8<8= ?@(* > 9 ?D4 ( > 9 =849 &8> >(G =484 8 5uE48 45 89>(*(NQB(&u>(*(NQB(&G C5( 9D4 *(7B(8 85864 F 7. =48F7((9*D4 *4E7( 4 84>4 >( (*675657 ?D4 ( 4* <89* > 9 ?D4 pl886JG +yy{G FI +vyX lJ5&8 9G 9::9G FI {{zwI l(A59>4 l886JG 4 9 =849 &8*84 =HB8=4 F4>( *(7 6D4 *(B(74 ( 8967 6QB(& =484 4 9 =849 &8*84 M698=4G 948( > 8(96( C5 9>4 (W8A( 4 E 9>494 > =48598> >( M698= =484 F7(?4 F A 7 F 7 4E6(7 =8> > 98 ( 4* *(5* E(9(<H=84* pl886JG +yyyG FI z;wI R>(8 8*G. 9 ?D4 =HB8= (W8A87Q *(8F7( 58 >(6(7889 >4 9HB(& >( J484A(9(8> >( =5&657 & (967( 4* *(5* 8(8E74*G C5( *( 67 >5S87QG 94 8H9884G 9 (W8AP9=8 >( 568&8S ?D4 > &H9A5 4<8=8 & ( 9. >(*D4. =(764* F789=HF84* 95=&( 7(*G =484 F4>(7D4 *(7 4 7(*F(864 F(& &8E(7> >( 45 8A5 &> >(I f(9>4 (8 =496 4 84>4 =484 9 ?D4 =HB8= M =49=(F65 &8S > G F4>(78 >(<(9>(7[*( C5( 4 (W(7=H=84 > =8> > 98 *(78 *5<8=8(96( F 7 F7484B(7 *4&8> 78(> >( (W8A8>. 4* 8(8E74* > 9 ?D4 ( 9(=(**Q78 F 7 8 96(7 *5 =4(*D4I T*64 F47C5( *( (96(9>(G F47 (W(8F&4G C5( 7(*8>P9=8 958 8(*84 (*F ?4 M (8 *8 8(*8. F6 G F(&4 8(94* (8 E*67 =64 ( =48 4 >(=477(7 >4 6(8F4G F 7 F7484B(7 (967( 4* 89>8BH>54* F 768&J >( 896(7(**(*G >( 4EN(=68B4* ( >( B &47(* 9(=(**Q784* F 7 4 F74**(A588(964 >( 58 F74N(=64 >( B8BP9=8 (8 =4858G 6M F47C5( (& <48(96. 7(F74>5?D4 >( =(764* =48F476 8(964* *888& 7(* 4 >4*. 56O=649(*G F(788689>4 A(7 7 *(9688(964* >( 8>(968> >(G *4&8> 78(> >( ( 7(=8F74=8> >(G 4* C5 8* *D4 E *( > =4(*D4 *4=8 & >4 A75F4I 78E47 *( =49=47>( C5( 4 (W(7=H=84 >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(* F4>( *(7B87 F 7 =78 7 45 7(<47? 7 4 *(9688(964 >( &8A ?D4 C5( 58 89>8BH>54 6(8 F 7 =48 4* 45674* 7(*8>(96(* ( 58 7*6 >4G 6 & 9D4 F 7(=(G *O F47 *8G F64 F74>5S87 58 &8A ?D4 >( 68F4 8 8* (84=849 & =484 C5(&. C5( F 7(=(G 9478 &8(96(G **4=8 > m F 768&J >( 58 9 =849 &8> >(I ]5 *(N G =(86 [*( C5( 4 0”.

(9) 3456789. =49N5964 >( >87(864* >( =8> > 98. 678E5H>4* F47 58 7*6 >4 F4>(7Q 89<&5(9=8 7 >(=8*D4 >( &A5M8 C5(7(7 >C58787 7(*F(=68B 9 =849 &8> >(G 8 * > H 9D4 >(=477( C5( 6865& 78> >( ( (W(7=H=84 >(**(* >87(864* ( >(B(7(* (WF7(**( 45 7(B(&(G 9(=(** 78 8(96(G 58 &8A ?D4 =48 4* 7(*6 96(* 8(8E74* > 9 ?D4I )48 * &8(96 4FF–(G 4* (*67 9A(874* 9D4 *D4 58 = 6(A478 9 =849 & 45 M698= G 8 * 58 = 6(A478 &(A & <478 &G F(&4 C5( *5 (W=&5*D4 *4=8 & 7(*5&6 8(94* >(&(* *(7(8 8(8E74* >( 58 >(6(7889 >4 A75F4 M698=4 45 9 =849 & ( 8 8* >( 9D4 *(7(8 =8> >D4* p4FF–(G 9::{G FI vywI )484 (W=&5*D4 9D4 M E *( > (8 = 7 =6(7H*68= * >( A75F4G =4&4= 9>4[*( 96(* (8 6(784* 89>8B8>5 8*G &89A5 A(8 =4&(=68B8*6 > (698=8> >( ( >4 9 =849 &8*84 9D4 M 8 8*. >(C5 > F 7 =48E 6(7 (W=&5*D4 >4* (*67 9A(874* p4FF–(G 9::{G FI {vwI T9>(F(9>(96(8(96( >4 F(7H4>4 >( 7(*8>P9=8 45 > (W8*6P9=8 >( 58 6H65&4 >( 7(*8>P9=8 BQ&8>4G 64>4* 4* (*67 9A(874* E(9(<8=8 8 >( >(6(7889 >4* >87(864*G =484G F47 (W(8F&4G 4 >87(864 m B8> G 4 >87(864 m 88 A(8 45 4 >87(864 m &8E(7> >(I 7*6( 9K=&(4 E *8& 7 >( >87(864* M 7(=49J(=8>4 64> * * F(**4 *G (8 7 SD4 > *5 =49>8?D4 >( *(7(* J58 94*G ( (9=4967 =49* A7 ?D4 94* F789=8F 8* 89*6758(964* 896(79 =849 8* >( F746(=?D4 >4* >87(864* J58 94*G F(&4 C5( *( 88F@( 4* 7*6 >4* 9 =849 8*G *(8 C5( (*6(* F4** 8 < S(7 C5 &C5(7 68F4 >( >8*=78889 ?D4 (8 7 SD4 > 9 =849 &8> >(I 3(*6( 84>4G (W8*6( 58 =49N5964 >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(*G F4*868B >4* (8 89*6758(964* 9478 68B4* 896(79 =849 8* ( F(7<(8?4 >4* ( =49*4&8> >4* F(& N578*F75>P9=8 9 =849 & ( 896(79 =849 & p)4*6 G 9:::wG C5( **(A57. F746(=?D4 >( 64>4 ( C5 &C5(7 89>8BH>54 49>( C5(7 C5( (*6(N ( C5( 9 =849 &8> >( 6(9J I l4E 4567 F(7*F(=68B G 9 =849 &8> >( 6 8EM8 9D4 M =49>8?D4 *5<8=8(96( F 7. 6865& 78> >( ( 4 (W(7=H=84 >( >87(864* >( =8> > 98 I — *6 7(=47> 7 C5( 94 F ** >4 p9D4 **88 6D4 &49AH9C54wG 85864* 9 =849 8* (*68B(7 8 F78B >4* >( >87(864* F4&H68=4*G =484 * 85&J(7(* 45 4* 67 E &J >47(*G ( C5( 4* 8(947(* =496895 8 (9<7(96 7G 9. =65 &8> >(G &A58 * &8886 ?@(* C5 964 4 (W(7=H=84 >( >(6(7889 >4* >87(864* >( =8> > 98 I L >(<898?D4 >( 9 ?D4 ( > C5 &8> >( >( 8(8E74 p9 =849 &wG F4>(84* C5(*6849 7[94* *( F(76(9? 45 9D4 >( &A5M8 58 9 ?D4 *O M 7(&(B 96( C5 9>4 (**( &A5M8 F7(6(9>( E(9(<8=8 7 >( 58 >(6(7889 >4 =49N5964 >( >87(864* 9(=(**Q784* F 7. **(A57 7 4 *(5 E(8[ (*6 7˜ ™ F788(87 B8*6 G F 7(=( C5( *(7Q *(8F7( **88G 6M F47C5( 58 >4* (&(8(964* C5( >(&8886 4 =49=(864 >( 9 ?D4 M. *F87 ?D4 >( 58 >(6(7889 >4 F4B4 4 (W(7=H=84 >4 F4>(7 F4&H68=4 56O9484I ' * F 7(=( C5( 9D4 *(7Q *O 8**4G 9(8 *4E7(65>4 F(9 * 8**4I l( 4 <4**(G &8A ?D4 m 9 ?D4 *O (W8*6878 (9C5 964 (**(* >87(864* <4**(8 A 7 968>4* ( 9D4 (W8*68**( 58 4567 9 ?D4 C5( F(78868**( 4 =(**4 58 &(C5( 8 847 >( >87(864*I ' * 8**4 0•.

(10) . 3456789. 9D4 (WF&8= 78 G F47 (W(8F&4G C5( 9 ?@(* *(8 7*6 >4 8(7(? 8 58 <476( >(*D4 F4F5& 7G 4 C5( *5=(>( *(8F7( 9 < *( 898=8 & >( 64>4* 4* F74N(=64* 9 =849 8*G ( F4>( *(7 (W(8F&8<8= >4G 9. =65 &8> >(G =48 9 ?D4 = 6 &DG =47* 45 E *= I L(8 (WF&8= 78. &8A ?D4 C5( 4* 888A7 96(* 8 96M8 =48 =48598> >( >( 478A(8G 8(*84 C5 9>4 >(& (*6D4 < *6 >4*G ( 7(F74>5?D4 C5( < S(8 >( 84>4* >( (*6 7 F7OF784* ( >8*68964* > C5(&(* C5( F7(B &(=(8 94 7*6 >4 >( =4&J88(964I l( 94* 896(774A 784* *4E7( 4 8468B4 F(&4 C5 & 58 (*67 9A(874 7(=M8[(967 >4 958 >(6(7889 >4 7*6 >4 F4>(7Q C5(7(7 >C58787 7(*F(=68B 9 =849 &8> >(G 6 &B(S F4** 84*. 7A58(96 7 C5( (** *(7Q 4F?D4 C5( 8 8* < =8&8(96( &J( **(A57 7Q 58 (*6 6564 >( 8A5 &> >( ( *(A57 9? N57H>8= (G F47 8**4G *(7Q 8 8* =49*(96q9( =48 4* *(5* 896(7(**(* F(**4 8*I L4 (96 964G 9(*6( = *4G 8 98<(*6 ?D4 >( B496 >( 9 4E6(9?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( 9D4 7(*5&6 F74F78 8(96( >( 58 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 9 ?D4 ( =48 4* *(5* B &47(*G M F(9 * 58 4F?D4 568&86 78*6 >(*689 >. A 7 9687 58 (*6 6564 N57H>8=4 8 8* =48F&(64 ( 8 8* *(A574I l( (*6( >(*(N4 F(**4 & M F(7<(86 8(96( =48F7((9*HB(&G 89(W8*6P9=8 >( 58 *(9688(964 >( 8>(968<8= ?D4 &8886 45 7(687 B &8> >( m F7(6(9*D4 89>8B8>5 & >( 89A7(** 7 9 9 ?D4 (G *5E*(C5(96(8(96(G M *5*=(F6HB(& >( C5(*6849 7 4 *(5 >87(864 4 7(=49J(=88(964 > C5 &8> >( >( 8(8E74 > 9 ?D4I ] 89=7(8(964 > * 88A7 ?@(* 896(79 =849 8* ( F(78 9P9=8 >4* 888A7 96(* 94* 7*6 >4* >( =4&J88(964 B8(7 8 C5(*6849 7 (W6(9*D4 ( (W=&5*8B8> >( >4 (*6 6564 N57H>8=4 >( =8> > 98 F 7 4* 9 =849 8* ( 4E78A45 m 678E58?D4 >( >87(864* =8B8* ( *4=8 8* EQ*8=4* 4* 888A7 96(*I L4 (96 964G 8*64 9D4 *8A98<8= 4 <88 > 9 ?D4G 9D4 < *6. 88F476q9=8 >. 9 =849 &8> >( 94 (*6 E(&(=88(964 >( 58 &8A ?D4 (967( * F(**4 *G 9(8 4E78A m =49=(**D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( 64>4* 4* (*67 9A(874*I R 9 =849 &8> >( *O F 7(=( >(*(8F(9J 7 58 F F(& F(78<M78=4 9 B8> > * F(**4 * > * *4=8(> >(* &8E(7 8* 4=8>(96 8* F47C5(G *(A59>4 '8&&(7G *D4 F45= * * 4= *8@(* (8 C5( * &( &> >(* 9 =849 8* *D4 (B4= > * ( (W8E8> * >( 8 9(87 >87(=6 G F 7. &M8 >( C5( (*6(* *(9688(964* *D4 7(F7888>4* =49*=8(96(8(96( F47 85864* 89>8BH>54* p'8&&(7G +yytG FFI s:[s+wG F47 *(7(8 <7(C5(96(8(96( F7(*(96 >4* =484 9(A 68B4* ( (*6 7(8 **4=8 >4*. >(6(7889 >4* =496(=88(964* J8*6O78=4* ( F4&H68=4* B84&(964*I L4 (96 964G 8**4 9D4 *8A98<8=. C5( 4* 89>8BH>54* 9D4 =49=(> 8 7(&(Bq9=8. 4* & ?4* C5( (*6D4 *5EN =(96(* m 9 =849 &8> >(G >( 6 & 84>4 C5( 94* 848(964* 8 8* 89(*F(7 >4*G =484 958 =48F(68?D4 >(*F4768B. 896(79 =849 & 45 C5 9>4 9 ?D4 *( *(96( 8( ? > 9G F4>(84* 4E*(7B 7 8 98<(*6 ?@(*. 9. )484 B884*G F47 (W(8F&4G 7(=(96(8(96( =48 7( =?D4 <7 9=(* m* =49*8>(7 ?@(* > )488**D4 7574F(8. *4E7( (W=(F?D4 =5&657 & 94* =47>4* >( =48M7=84 =48 4* 7YRI. |š.

(11) 3456789. FKE&8= * >( =4859JD4 (967( 89>8BH>54* C5( 9D4 *( =49J(=(8 8 * C5( (*6D4 598>4* F47 &A4 œžŸ‡ ¡¢£¤¥¦§£¨‡§£‡©5( 4 A4*64 F47 >(*F4764 45 8(7 7(*8>P9=8 958 >(6(7889 >4 6(7786O784I % 7. &M8 >8**4G =484 *5E&89J '8&&(7G * 9 ?@(* 9D4 *D4 =48* * C5( (W8*6(8 94 859>4 89>(F(9>(96(8(96( > * =7(9? * C5( * F(**4 * 6(9J 8 *4E7( >(& *X F(&4 =4967Q784G (& * *O (W8*6(8 C5 9>4 4* *(5* 8(8E74* *( 7(=49J(=(8 (967( *8 =484 =48F 67846 * (. =7(>86 8 F 768&J 7 = 7 =6(7H*68= * 7(&(B 96(* p'8&&(7G +yytG FFI sz[sywI %(&4 C5(G *( 9D4 (W8*687 (**( 7(=49J(=88(964 ( (** F 768&J G ( (8E47 58 6(7=(874 F4**. >C58787 58 94B. 9 =849 &8> >(G F4>(7Q *(7[&J( >8<H=8& B(7[*(G ( *(7 68>4G =484 58 =4[9 =849 &I %47 8**4G. &6(7 ?@(* &(A 8* < =8&86 >47 * > =49=(**D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( C5( 9D4 6(9>(8 4* & ?4* 45 m* &8A ?@(* C5( 4* 89>8BH>54* 6P8G F4>(7D4 7(B(& 7[*( 89 >(C5 > * 45 89(<8= S(* 9 F7484?D4 >. 896(A7 ?D4 >4* 9D4[9 =849 8*G F47C5( 9D4 7(*4&B(8 4* F74E&(8 * >( (W=&5*D4 *4=8 & C5( (** * F(**4 * F4>(8 (*6 7 *5N(86 *I ª-’}b402`c3g/0c«c“b562}32¬}cac­1b/0g¬}1g¬c3g/0g¬}ga}®2104­bd )48 4 4EN(=68B4 >( (W 889 7 * >89q88= * >( 896(A7 ?D4 F4&H68= >( 888A7 96(* E7 *8&(874* ( = E4[B(7>8 94* 7(*8>(96(* 9 Q7( 8(674F4&86 9 >( \8*E4 G F 768=8F 84* 958 ¡¢£¯°±²£‡§°‡ž¦³°Ÿ²ž´µ¶£‡‡ž¦²ž²¥·§£‡ )8> >(* '5&68=5&657 8* ( T96(A7 ?D4 %4&H68= >4* ¸œž´¢¦²°Ÿ‡¦‡¹¢°‡º°²¢£¡£·ž²¦‡§°‡»žŸ¼£¨½‡£‡©¥·‡±£¦²£¥‡±£œ 4 F484 >4 R)T3Tu]E*(7B 6O784 > T88A7 ?D4I 7*6( F74N(=64 >(=477(5 (8 9::zu:y ( 9(&( <48 F&8= >4 58 C5(*6849Q784 *4E7( 4 F74=(**4 >( 896(A7 ?D4 >4* 888A7 96(*G =49*6865H>4 F47 ++v C5(*6@(* >( 7(*F4*6 <(=J > I Y8 >4* A75F4* >( C5(*6@(* (7 7(& 68B4 4* 6(8 * > F(76(9? G >4 68F4 >( & ?4* (*6 E(&(=8>4* ( 4 84>4 =484 4* (967(B8*6 >4* *( F4*8=849 B 8 < =( m 9 =849 &8> >( >( 478A(8 ( m > *4=8(> >( >( =4&J88(964sI ] C5(*6849Q784 <48 F&8= >4 58. 84*67 >( 9:: E7 *8&(874*G 9:: = E4[B(7>8 94* ( 9:: F4765A5(*(* p=484 A75F4 >( =49674&4wG 4* C5 8* >(B(78 8 *(7 8 847(* >( +z 94* ( 7(*8>87(8 (8 %4765A & JQ F(&4 8(94* *(8* 8(*(*I LD4 6(9>4. 84*67 > 67 E &J4 *8>4 >(6(7889 > >( 58 <478 (*6 6H*68= G. 9Q&8*( >4* > >4* 7(B(*6( 58 = 7Q=6(7 (WF&47 6O784 ( 7(<&(=6( F(7=(F?D4 >( 58 A75F4 >( 888A7 96(* ( >( F4765A5(*(* *4E7( 7(*F(=68B 896(A7 ?D4 ( F 768=8F ?D4 9 B8> *4=8 & ( F4&H68=. F4765A5(* I s ]* > >4* =48F&(64* F57 >4* <47 8 89=&5H>4* 9 94** 6(*( >( >45647 8(964 ( F5E&8= >4* (8 )4*6 G. 9:+9I. |›.

(12) 3456789. Y8 > * C5(*6@(* F(>8. 4* (967(B8*6 >4* C5( =48F&(6 **(8. <878 ?D4 n(5 *8964 C5( F(76(9?4 IIIoI f E(& 9 ^ l(9688(964 >( F(76(9?. ¿   À"#   ÁÂŸ‡§°‡£¢ž´°œ †‰½ŽÃ „‹ˆ Ž ½ŽÃ „„ Á£¢²¥´· „‰½ŒÃ ‹† Š‹½ŒÃ † Ä¥²¢£‡¡ÂŸ‡Å¦¶£‡ [[ [[ ½ŒÃ ‰ Ÿ¥´°¢ž§£Æ Ç°¦È¥œ‡Å¦¶£‡ [[ [[ Š½ŽÃ Ž Ÿ¥´°¢ž§£Æ L46 U /}=477(*F49>( 4 9K8(74 >( (967(B8*6 >4* >4 A75F4 C5( 7(*F49>(7 8 m C5(*6D4I. R 8 8478 >4* (967(B8*6 >4* <87845 8>(968<8= 7[*( F7(<(7(9=8 &8(96( =48 4 F H* >( 478A(8G =496(=(9>4 8**4 (8 8 847 9K8(74 =48 4* (967(B8*6 >4* E7 *8&(874*I RF(* 7 >8**4G C5 *( +uv >4* (967(B8*6 >4* = E4[B(7>8 94* ( C5 *( +u{ >4* (967(B8*6 >4* E7 *8&(874* (WF7(** 7 8 *(9687 58 8 847 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 %4765A &I % 7 58 8(&J47 =48F7((9*D4 >(*6(* 7(*5&6 >4*G <484* B(78<8= 7 (8 C5( 8(>8>. 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 %4765A & F4>(78 6(7 *8>4 89<&5(9=8 > F(& >57 ?D4 > 7(*8>P9=8 (8 %4765A & 45 F(& F7MB8. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* vI f E(& s ^ R94 >( (967 > (8 %4765A & >4* (967(B8*6 >4*    ¿  À"#  +y;:[+yts [[ {G:É +ytv[+yz: [[ +:GtÉ +yz+[+yy9 :G{É 9zGtÉ +yys[+yyz sG:É +yG+É +yyy[9::z †½ŽÃ s;G{É v ]* 7(C58*864* >(<898>4* F 7. 89=&5*D4 >4* (967(B8*6 >4* (8 = > 58 >4* A75F4* F(78868 89=&587. 9 =849 8* >( F H*(* 6(7=(874* C5( 6 8EM8 NQ 689J 8 >C5878>4 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* I. |¾.

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(14) !  ǝ±ž£¦žŸ‡±¼£[³°¢§ž¦£Ÿ ˆŠ½ˆÃ † „Š½ŽÃ „„ Í¥¡·‡¦±ž£¦·ž§§°  ½„à ŽŽ ‹„½‹Ã ‹Ž L46 U /}=477(*F49>( 4 9K8(74 >( (967(B8*6 >4* >4 A75F4 C5( 7(*F49>(7 8 m C5(*6D4I. ]* > >4* 4E68>4* F(7886(8[94* < S(7 >5 * &(8657 *U F47 58 & >4G M F4**HB(& B(78<8= 7 58 >(6(7889 > 7(& ?D4 (967( 6865& 78> >( > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* ( F 768&J >( 58 *(9688(964 >( 8 847 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 %4765A &X F47 45674 & >4G vyG+É > C5(&(* C5( 6P8. 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* =496895 8 F78B8&(A8 7G (8 %4765A &G *5 8>(968> >( 9 =849 & >( 478A(8I Y8 F4**HB(& J8FO6(*( >( (WF&8= ?D4 F 7 (*6 *865 ?D4 F4>(7Q (*6 7 9 (B(965 & (W8*6P9=8 >( 58 *865 ?D4 >( (W=&5*D4 p9D4 (&8889 > F(&. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >(wG 4 C5( *8A98<8= 78 C5( 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4 F H* >( 478A(8 *(78 58 (*FM=8( >( >(<(* ( F746(=?D4 < =( 58 8E8(96( >B(7*4I Ê5 9>4 C5(*6849 >4* *4E7( *( F7(6(9>8 8 =496895 7 B8B(7 (8 %4765A &G ssG{É >4* (967(B8*6 >4* = E4[B(7>8 94* ( +;É >4* E7 *8&(874* 7(*F49>(7 8 C5( 9D4I L4 (96 964G F(9 * 58 = E4[B(7>8 94G (8 ;t (967(B8*6 >4*G 89B4=45 >8*=78889 ?D4 =484 7 SD4 F 7 8**4G ( 45674 N5*68<8=45[4 =48 4 9D4 *( *(9687 896(A7 >4 (8 %4765A & p94 = *4 >4* E7 *8&(874* |1.

(15) 3456789. 7(*F(=68B 8(96( + ( s (967(B8*6 >4*wI ]* 7(*6 96(* <59> 8(96 7 8 B496 >( >( 9D4 =496895 7 7(*8>87 (8 %4765A & =48 * 8Q* =49>8?@(* >( B8> C5( 689J 8 p4 C5(G (8 =(76 * *865 ?@(*G 6 8EM8 *( F4>( **4=8 7 F74E&(8 * >( 896(A7 ?D4w ( =48 7 S@(* < 88&8 7(*I Y8 4567 J8FO6(*( F4**HB(& >( (WF&8= ?D4 F 7 (** 8(947 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 %4765A & F4>(78 *(7 4 < =64 > 9 =849 &8> >( *(7 &A4 8 8* >4 C5( 58 <478 F78B8&(A8 > >( =(**4. 58 =(764 = 6Q&4A4 >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(*G (WF7(** 9>4 58 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4* 45674* (. >(*D4 58 =49N5964 >( B &47(* ( F789=HF84*G F(&4 C5(. C58*8?D4 >( 58 94B 9 =849 &8> >( 9D4 *(78 *5<8=8(96( F 7 (*6 E(&(=(7 (** &8A ?D4 p*( (& 9D4 (W8*68**( 96(*w ( 9D4 <(=6 78 >( <478 *8A98<8= 68B. 8>(968> >( 478A89Q78 G C5 & =496895 78. *(7 >(6(7889 96( ( F78B8&(A8 >. 9 =49<8A57 ?D4 > 8>(968> >( F(**4 &I % 7 *( F(7=(E(7 4 68F4 >( 7(& ?@(* ( & ?4* F78B8&(A8 >4* F(&4* (967(B8*6 >4*G F74=5745[ *( * E(7 =484 (*6(* B &8 B 8 C5 9686 68B 8(96( 4 A7 5 >( F(A4 45 >( 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 >(6(7889 >4* A75F4* >( F(**4 * ( >( &5A 7(*I % 7 8**4G <48[&J(* F7(*(96 > 58 &8*6 ( 568&8S > 58 (*= & >( : +:G (8 C5( 4 B &47 8H9884G :G =477(*F49>8. n*(8 F(A4u*(8 8>(968<8= ?D4o ( 4 B &47 8QW884G +:G n85864 F(A4u8586 8>(968<8= ?D4oI f E(& { ^ T>(968<8= ?D4 =48 &5A 7(* ( A75F4* >( F(**4 * ΃ ! ¿  À"# 

(16) !   Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§‡Ÿ¥‡¢°·ž´ž¶£ ˆ½ †½ Ž½† Á£¢²¥´¥°Ÿ°Ÿ ˆ½ˆ †½Ž ˆ½‹ ϝž¢¢£ ˆ½Ž ˆ½Š †½Š Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§£‡Ÿ°¥‡Ÿ°Ð£ ‰½‹ ˆ½‹ ˆ½Œ Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§‡¢°´ž¶£‡§°‡»žŸ¼£ ˆ½„ †½ †½‹ Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§‡Ÿ¥‡ž§§° ‰½Ž ˆ½ˆ ˆ½ Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§£‡´¢¥¡£‡Ñ²¦ž±£ ‰½† ‰½Š [[ Á°ŸŸ£Ÿ‡§‡Ÿ¥‡±·ŸŸ°‡Ÿ£±ž· ‰½Ž †½ †½ ÁÂŸ‡§°‡±£·Èžœ°¦²£ ‰½Š ŸÒ§ [[ ÁÂŸ‡§°‡£¢ž´°œ ‰½† ‰½† †½„ L46 +U ]* > >4* >( = > =4&59 =477(*F49>(8 4 B &47 8M>84 F57 >4 F 7 4 646 & >( (967(B8*[6 >4* C5( 7(*F49>(7 8 = > 68F4 >( &8A ?D4I. |k.

(17) 3456789. L46 9U L4 67 6 8(964 >4* > >4* B(78<8=45[*( C5( 4* (967(B8*6 >47(* 9D4 689J 8 C5(*6849 >4 4* = E4[ B(7>8 94* *4E7( 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4 F H* >( =4&J88(964G F(&4 C5( 9D4 *D4 >8*F498E8&8S >4* > >4*X 94 = *4 >4* F4765A5(*(*G * C5(*6@(* *4E7( 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4 A75F4 M698=4 ( 4 F H* >( =4&J88(964 9D4 < S8 8 F 76( >4 C5(*6849Q784I. ]* (967(B8*6 >4* E7 *8&(874* ( = E4[B(7>8 94* 84*67 7 8 8 98<(*6 7 58 8 847 F(A4 45 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4 *(5 A75F4 M698=4 ( 4 *(5 F H* >( 478A(8G *(9>4 C5(G 94 = *4 >4* = E4[ B(7>8 94*G >8<(7(9? (967( (**. F7(=8 ?D4 ( >4* 7(*6 96(* 68F4* >( &8A ?D4 M *8A98<8= 68B I %47 *5 B(SG 4 A75F4 >4* F4765A5(*(* 8 98<(*645 58 8 847 F(A4 (8 7(& ?D4 m* F(**4 * > *5 F7OF78 8> >( ( 4* =4[9 =849 8*G (8E47 G 9(*6( K&6884 = *4G 4* B &47(* *(N 8 89<(7847(* mC5(&( C5( <48 8 98<(*6 >4 F(&4* E7 *8&(874* ( = E4[B(7>8 94* (8 7(& ?D4 4 F H* >( 478A(8 ( 4 A75F4 M698=4 (G =48 (W=(F?D4 > 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 4* F4765A5(*(* p( F(9 * (8 =48F 7 ?D4 =48 4* = E4[B(7>8 94*wG 4* B &47(* >( F(A4u8>(968<8= ?D4 >4* F4765A5(*(* *D4 *(8F7( 89<(7847(* 4* >4* 45674* A75F4* >( (967(B8*6 >4*I 78 7(& ?D4 4* & ?4* C5( (*6D4 8 8* >87(=6 8(96( 7(& =849 >4* =48 7(*8>P9=8 G 45 *(N G * &8A ?@(* (*6 E(&(=8> * =48 4* F4765A5(*(*G =48 7(A8D4 >( \8*E4 45 =48 4 E 8774G (&(* F7(*(96 8 *(8F7( 4* B &47(* 8 8* E 8W4* >( F(A4 45 8>(968<8= ?D4 (967( 4* (967(B8*6 >4* E7 *8&(874* ( = E4[B(7>8 94*I 7*6(* > >4* *D4 7(&(B 96(* F47C5( *D4 (*6(* & ?4* >( 7(*8>P9=8 C5( <59> 8(96 8G 45 F(7886(8G. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F47 9 657 &8S ?D4 ( *D4 (&(* C5( (*6D4 9 E *( >. 6(478S ?D4 > 9 ?D4 =HB8= I Ê5 964 4* >48* *5E[A75F4* >( 9 =849 8* = E4[B(7>8 94* p45 *(N G =48 ( *(8. 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* w (W8*6(8 F(C5(9 * >8<(7(9? * >( >M=88 * p(967( :G+ :Gsw 9. (WF7(**D4 >( F7(?4 (8 = > 58 >4* (W(8F&4* F7(*(96 >4*G =48 (W=(F?D4 > 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 * F(**4 * > 8(*8 7(&8A8D4G (8 C5( (** >8<(7(9? M >( +G9I RC5(&(* C5( F(9 * 6P8. 9 =849 &8> >( = E4[B(7>8 9 (WF7(** 8G (8 A(7 &G 58 8 847 F(A4 (8 7(& ?D4 m* BQ78 * J8FO6(*(* =4&4= > *G =484 *5=(>( =48. F7(=8 ?D4 > &8A ?D4 4* F4765A5(*(*G (8 C5( 4* &5*4[= E4[B(7>8 94* p F(* 7 >( 6 8EM8 *(7(8 9 =849 8*w (WF7(** 8 58 8(947 F(A4 p:G9wG (8E47 8**4 6 8EM8 *5=(> G 9 8(*8 8(>8> G (8 7(& ?D4 4 7(*F(=68B4 A75F4 M698=4G *( E(8 C5( 4* B &47(* >( F7(=8 ?D4 646 & >( 58 ( >( 45674 *(N 8 E(8 >8*68964*I R4* (967(B8*6 >4* C5( 9D4 689J 8 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* <48[&J(* F(7A596 >4 *( 94 <56574 A4*6 78 8 >(. >C58787I % 7. &M8 > * 7(*F4*6 * n*88o ( n9D4oG <48 89>. F7(*(96 > 58 F4**8E8&8> >( >( 7(*F4*6 (8 C5( *O *( >8868. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* *( (& 9D4 88F&8= **(. F(7> > 9 =849 &8> >( >( 478A(8 p*865 ?D4 9D4 F7(B8*6 9 47>(8 N57H>8= F4765A5(* wI |0.

(18) 3456789. f E(& ; ^ 3(*(N4 >( >C58787 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(*. ¿   À"#   Ӟœ Œ½†Ã ˆ† †Œ½ŠÃ Ž‹ Ӟœ½‡œŸ‡ŸÔ‡Ÿ°‡¡¥§°¢‡œ¦²°¢‡  ½ŠÃ Š ‹„½‰Ã Š‰ ‡±²¥·‡¦±ž£¦·ž§§° Ƕ£‡ Ž½ à „„ ‹½Ã ‹ Ƕ£‡Ÿ¼°Ò¦¶£‡¢°Ÿ¡£¦§° ½‹Ã ‰ ½†Ã  L46 U /}=477(*F49>( 4 9K8(74 >( (967(B8*6 >4* C5( 7(*F49>(7 8I. Y8 =& 7 8 8478 >4* (967(B8*6 >4* 8 98<(*645 4 >(*(N4 >( >C58787 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* G (8E47 58 F(7=(96 A(8 *8A98<8= 68B G (8 (*F(=8 & 94 = *4 >4* E7 *8&(874*G. F(9 * 4 < 78 *( 8**4 9D4 88F&8= **( F(7> > *5 9 =849 &8> >( >( 478A(8I )484 4 C5(*6849Q784 <48 F&8= >4 (8 9::zu:y ( s:É >4* (967(B8*6 >4* E7 *8&(874* 689J 8 (967 >4 (8 %4765A & 94* 94* >( 9::;u9::zG F 7(=( >8<H=8& C5( (8 6D4 F45=4 6(8F4 68B(**(8 >(*(9B4&B8>4 58 *(9688(964 >( 8>(968<8= ?D4 6D4 (*67(864 =48 9 ?D4 F4765A5(* C5( N5*68<8= **( 58 B496 >( A(9(7 &8S > >( C5(7(7 >C58787 9 =849 &8> >(I ]* (967(B8*6 >4* C5( 9D4 689J. 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* <47 8 89> C5(*6849 >4* *4E7( 7 SD4 C5( 4* &(B B. C5(7(7 >C58787 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* I L(*6 C5(*6D4G * 7(*F4*6 * <47 8 (*F496q9( *G 9D4 6(9>4 *8>4 F7(*(96 > 9(9J58 &8*6 >( J8FO6(*(* F4**HB(8*I R* 7(*F4*6 * <479(=8> * <47 8 >(F48* A75F > * F(&4* (967(B8*6 >47(* (8 =89=4 A7 9>(* A75F4* >( 7 S@(*G =49<478( *( F4>( B(7 9 6 E(& tI ] 8468B4 8 8* 89>8= >4 F 7 N5*68<8= 7 4 >(*(N4 >( >C58787 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(* <48G 94* >48* A75F4* >( (967(B8*6 >4*G F4**8E8&8> >( C5( 8**4 &J(* > B >( 4E6(7 58 F&(9. 8A5 &> >( >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(* >( =8> > 98 I ]* (967(B8*6 >4* = E4[B(7>8 94* 6 8EM8 89>8= 7 8G (8 9K8(74 *8A98<8= 68B4G < =8&8> >( C5( (**. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( 7(F7(*(96 78 F 7 (&(* (8 6(784* >( 84E8&8> >( 94 (*F ?4 (574F(5I. ||.

(19) 3456789. f E(& t ^ '468B4* F 7. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4765A5(*. ¿   À"#   ¸§°¦²ž¤ž±[Ÿ°‡±£œ¡·°²œ°¦²°‡±£œ‡‡±¥·²¥¢‡ „Œ½ˆÃ „ Ž½ˆÃ Ž ¡£¢²¥´¥°Ÿ Á¢°²°¦§°‡£¼²°¢‡ž´¥·§§°‡¡·°¦‡§°‡§ž¢°ž²£Ÿ‡°‡ †„½ŒÃ „Œ‰ ˆ½ˆÃ Š §°³°¢°Ÿ‡§°‡±ž§§¦ž Ø°œ‡¤œž·ž¢°Ÿ‡±£œ‡‡¦±ž£¦·ž§§°‡¡£¢²¥´¥°Ÿ „½„à Š Ž½ˆÃ Ž ه¥œ‡§ž¢°ž²£‡©¥°‡¡¢°²°¦§°‡°Ð°¢±°¢ „‹½†Ã Š „Š½ŽÃ „„ ڝ±ž·ž²‡‡œ£¼ž·ž§§°‡¦‡Û¥¢£¡ ‰½ŽÃ „Ž Š‹½ à Š„ Ƕ£‡¢°Ÿ¡£¦§° Ž½„à ½ŽÃ  L46 U /}=477(*F49>( 4 9K8(74 >( (967(B8*6 >4* C5( 7(*F49>(7 8I. 3(*6( 84>4G B(78<8= 84* 4 (*6 E(&(=88(964 >( 58 &8A ?D4 85864 >87(=6 ( 89*6758(96 & (967( 9 =849 &8> >( ( =8> > 98 F(&4* (967(B8*6 >4*G *(9>4 C5(& (96(9>8> =484 58. <478 >( =49*(A587 &= 9? 7 58 8(&J47 (*6 6564 N57H>8=4 45 58 B8 F 7 *5F(7 7 4* 4E*6Q=5&4* =4&4= >4* m =87=5& ?D4 94 (*F ?4 =485986Q784I %47 45674 & >4G * 7(*F4*6 * C5( F4>(78 8G F 7(96(8(96(G 7(B(& 7 58 8 847 &8A ?D4. %4765A &G =484 *(78 8 8>(968<8= ?D4 =48 =5&657 F4765A5(* 45 F 768&J >( & ?4* < 88&8 7(*G F(9 * =477(*F49>(8 m* 8468B ?@(* >( ++GzÉ E7 *8&(874* ( >( ++GvÉ = E4[ B(7>8 94*I Õ-Ö2/¬c3g1b5×g¬}«c/bc¬ % 7 4* 888A7 96(*G. C58*8?D4 > 9 =849 &8> >( F4>(7Q 7(F7(*(96 7Q F4**8E8&8> >( >(. **(A57 7 (*6 E8&8> >( > *5 F(78 9P9=8 94 F H* >( =4&J88(964G C5 & >(8W >( (*6 7 *5E47>89 > m F4**( >( 58 6H65&4 >( 7(*8>P9=8 BQ&8>4 ( F(7886( (&8889 7 &A58 * 7(*678?@(* C5( (*6D4 **4=8 > * 4 (*6 6564 >( 888A7 96(G =484 (W8*6P9=8 >( &A59* &8886(* 4 7( A75F 8(964 < 88&8 7 45 B &8> >( >. 56478S ?D4 > 7(*8>P9=8 (*6 7 >(F(9>(96( >4 (W(7=H=84 (<(=68B4 >( 58. =68B8> >( & E47 &I L4 (96 964G 9 =849 &8> >( 67 >5S &8A ?D4 >( 58 89>8BH>54 m 9 ?D4 (G =484 6 &G (WF7(** 58 >(6(7889 > <478 >( 8>(968> >( =4&(=68B G (8 7(*5&6 >4 >( 58 =49N5964 >( = 7 =6(7H*68= * M698= * ( =HB8= * *89A5& 7(* p45 F(&4 8(94* =484 6 & F7(*(96 > *wG F7OF78 * 4* |.

(20) 3456789. *(5* 8(8E74* ( C5( 4* >8*689A5( >4* 8(8E74* > * 4567 * 9 ?@(*I % 7. &M8 >8**4G 4 = 7Q=6(7 (W=&5*8B4 > 9 =849 &8> >( <476 &(=( 598D4 (967( 4* *(5* 8(8E74* ( *(7B( >( E *( m =49*675?D4 >( 7(& ?@(* >( =49<8 9? ( >( 7(=8F74=8> >( 9(=(**Q78 * F 7. **(A57 7 (*6 E8&8> >( ( =4(*D4 *4=8 & > =48598> >(I %47 <88G 9 ?D4 >(*(8F(9J 58 <59?D4 >( &(A8688 ?D4 F4&H68= >4 7*6 >4G 9 *(C5P9=8 > Z(B4&5?D4 x7 9=(* ( > (&8889 ?D4 >4* *8*6(8 * F4&H68=4* <(5> 8*I %47 8**4G ( 6(9>4 (8 =496. * <59?@(* > 9 =849 &8> >( ( > 9 ?D4G B8 > =49=(**D4 9 =849 &8> >( (9C5 964 (*67 6MA8 F4&H68= F 7. F7484?D4 > 896(A7 ?D4 *4=8 & >4* 888A7 96(* F4>(7Q 9D4 *(7Q 8 8* >(C5 > I 3(*6( 84>4G 8 8* >4 C5( < =8&86 7 =49=(**D4 > 9 =849 &8> >(G =5N. C58*8?D4 >(B(7Q *(7 4 =5&889 7 >( 58 F74=(**4 >( 896(A7 ?D4 *4=8 & E(8 *5=(>8>4G 4* (*<47?4* F4&H68=4* >(B(7D4 =(967 7[ *( 9 (W6(9*D4 > =8> > 98 ( >4 7(*F(=68B4 = 6Q&4A4 >( >87(864* ( >(B(7(*G >( 84>4. **(A57 7 9D4 *O F746(=?D4 >4* (*67 9A(874*G 8 * 6 8EM8 (*6 E8&8> >( *4=8 & > 9 ?D4 ( >4 7*6 >4I Üchdc2­1b«cb} —75E –(7G Z p+yy9wG )868S(9*J8F 9> L 6849J44> 89 x7 9=( 9> ~(78 9ÝG ) 8E78>A(U Þ 7B 7> Y98B(7*86Ý %7(**I )4*6 G % 5&4 ' 95(& p9:+9wG )48598> >( %4&H68= G T88A7 ?D4 ( )4(*D4 l4=8 &U ] = *4 %4765A5P*G \8*E4 U x59> ?D4 ) &45*6( ~5&E(9–8 9 ( x59> ?D4 F 7. )8P9=8 (. f(=94&4A8 I ߣŸ²½‡Á¥·£‡º¦¥°·‡ÅŠŒŒŒÆ½‡ à‡¡¢£²°±µ¶£‡§£Ÿ‡°Ÿ²¢¦´°ž¢£Ÿ‡¡°·‡ß£¦³°¦µ¶£‡Û¥¢£¡°ž‡§£Ÿ‡ 387(864* >4 Þ48(8 F(7 96( F74=(**4* >( *8&4G (WF5&*D4 ( (W67 >8?D4 [. ¯¥¢žŸ¡¢¥§á¦±ž‡§£‡Ø¢ž¼¥¦·‡Û¥¢£¡°¥‡§£Ÿ‡Íž¢°ž²£Ÿ‡§£‡â£œ°œ¨½‡ã°³žŸ²‡§‡Ä¢§°œ‡§£Ÿ‡ R>B4A >4*G 9Ir 9:::pTwG FFI vyt[{v+I 387(=?D4[~(7 & > %4&H68= >( 5*68? p9:+swG R=64* F7 68= >4* 9 )49*(7B 6O78 >4* Z(A8*64* )(967 8*G F47 68F4 >( =64G <8=J(874 >8A86 &G J66FUuuäääI*8(NI>AFNI8NIF6uG =(>8>4 9: >(  9(874 >( 9:+;I 4FF–(G )IŊŒŒŽÆ½‡ Ûб·¥Ÿž£¦‡ž¦‡²È°‡»ž¼°¢·‡Ó²²°å‡ØÈ°‡ßŸ°‡£¤‡¸œœž´¢²ž£¦‡¦§‡ßž²žæ°¦ŸÈž¡‡Á£·ž±ç¨½‡ 7574F( 9 4579 & 4< l4=8 & fJ(47ÝG BI zG 9Ir +G FFI vs[;+I '8&(7G 3Ip+yytwG l4E7( & 9 =849 &8> >U R564>(6(7889 =8O9 Ý F&57 &8*84 =5&657 &G — 7=(&49 U 7>8=849(* % 8>O*I ÓÈ¥·œ¦½‡Óè‡ÅŠŒŒŠÆ½‡ ßȝ··°¦´ž¦´‡²È°‡±ž³ž±Ò°²È¦ž±‡¦§‡é°Ÿ²Ò°Ÿ²‡§ž±È£²£œž°Ÿ‡ž¦‡²È°‡Ÿ²¥§ç‡£¤‡ ¦²ž£¦·žŸœ¨½‡)48F 7 68B( %4&868= & l65>8(*G BI s{G 9Ir{G FFI {{v[{z{I l886JG RI 3Ip+yyywG L ?@(* ( L =849 &8*84 L58 77 ~&4E &G ](87 *U )(&6 7>8647 I l886JG RI 3Ip+yytwG R 8>(968> >( 9 =849 &G \8*E4 U ~7 >8B I |”.

(21) 3456789. l886JG RI 3I p+yy{wG fJ( (6J98= 478A89* 4< 9 6849*G ]W<47>U —& =–ä(&& %5E&8*J(7*I l4Ý* &G êI LIp+yyvwG \8886* 4< =868S(9*J8FU 88A7 96* 9> F4*69 6849 & 8(8E(7*J8F 89 7574F(G )J8= A4U fJ( Y98B(7*86Ý 4< )J8= A4 %7(**I. |•.

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Thus, more than control signs or symptoms of disease, the focus of attention challenge to the development of care practices aimed for promoting active behaviors of

Although the spectral absorption of the visual pigments that we found peaks in the 508·nm to 530·nm range, the actual spectral sensitivity of fiddler crabs’ eyes is modified by

• Perfiles motivacionales de los estudiantes en contextos presenciales y virtuales En orden de obtener una apreciación general de los perfiles motivacionales de los alumnos del

O facto de ainda não conhecer os nomes dos alunos e no final das primeiras aulas do período de avaliação inicial deparar-me com “alunos invisíveis”, alunos que não possuía

Assim, o objeto deste trabalho será o estudo de caso da CETESB, Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, que é a agência governamental do Estado de São Paulo com as

of exposure are indicated with #; different lower case letters indicate significant differences between controls over time and capital letters between microplastic exposed