Bibliografia sobre crise,
ajustamento estrutural e democratização
em
África, com
atenção
especial
à
África
de língua
oficial
portuguesa
Por Franz-Wilhelm Heimer
•
Três décadas depois do início das independências, o continente
afri-cano encontra-se numa profunda crise, de contornos manifestos mas de
explicação controversa. Presentemente apontam-se duas vias para sair
do impasse. Uma é a do "ajustamento estrutural" preconizado pelo
Banco Mundial e o Fundo Monetârio Internacional, seguida desde há
dez anos por um número crescente de países, e ao mesmo tempo alvo de
acirradas criticas. Outra é
o da democratização dos sistemas politicos,
com relevo para os princípios da participação política, do
multipartida-rismo e dos direitos humanos; enraizada em quadrantes ideológicos
tra-dicionalmente opostos, esta opção tem vindo a ganhar maior força só a
partir dos últimos anos oitenta, e defronta-se com problemas de
concre-tização muito sérios.
É
neste contexto mais
amplo
que urge analisar os países de língua
oficial portuguesa. Com efeito, longe de constituírem casos singulares,
todos estes países se caracterizam por variações sobre o tema da
African
Crisis. Exceptuando Cabo Verde, decidiram todos seguir o caminho do
ajustamento estrutural. E todos
encaminharam-se para sistemas
politi-cos multipartidários.
• Investigador Coordenador, Arnold-Bergstraesser-lnstitut, Freiburg, Alemanha. Professor de Sociologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa.
Com o intuito de facilitar um estudo comparativo destes processos,
oferece-se aqui uma bibliografia que, para além de compilar estudos
so-bre os PALOP, relevantes no contexto P.resente, inclui um conjunto de
tltulos destinados a situar a sua realidade e os seus problemas no âmbito
do continente. A bibliografia põe, ao mesmo tempo, em evidência a
existência de um debate internacional vasto e diversificado, e a
conse-quente necessidade de basear os estudos num amplo leque de fontes.
AA VV (1989):A construçilo da naç4o em A..frica: Os exemplos de Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-·Bissau, Moçambique e S4o Tomé e Prfncipe, Bissau: Instituto Nacional de Estu-dos e Pesquisa
AA VV (1991):
A problemática da emerglncia de ONGs nacionais nos PALOP, Bissau: SOLIDAMI/FOV AD
AABY, Peter (1978):
The State of Guinea-Bissau: African socialism or socialism in A/rica?, Upsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
ACHINOER, Oertrud (1988):
Guinea-Bissau auj der Suche nach einem neuen Weg, MUnster: Amllcar-Cabral· Oesellschaft
ADAM, Erfried (1986):
"Mosambik: 1m 12. Jahr am Ende? Wirtscbaftskatastrophe und Ansatze wirt· scbaftspolitiscber Neuorienúerung seit dem IV. Kongress", .Afrika Spectrum, 3, pp. 337-362
ADAM, Erfried (1988)!
"Mosarnbik: Reformpolitik - Weg aus der Krise?", Aussenpolitik, 39 (2}, pp. 186-201
ADAM, Erfried (1989):
"Politiscbe und Okonomische Wandlungen in Mosarnbik", DASP-Hefte, 18, pp. 18-27
AOUN, Douglas O. (198S):
"The Nkomaú Accord in retrospect", comunicação à 28" conferencia anual da African Studies Association, Nova Orleans, 23 a 26 de Novembro
ACO (ArnUcar-Cabral-Oesellschaft) (1987):
(org.) Kap Verde: Versuche eigenstlindiger Entwicklung einer abhiJngigen Gesell· schajt, Münster
AI (Amnesty lnternational) (1991 e 1992):
Pre.uebericht der Koordznatwnsgrupe für da.r portugiesischsprachige Afrilca, Gelsenkirclren
AMIN, Sarnir (I98S):
La déconnexion: Pour sortir du systeme mondial, Paris: La Découverte AMIN, Sarnir (1989):
La faillite du développement en Afrique et dans I e Tiers-Monde: Une analyse poli· tique, Paris: L'Harmattan
AMPAGATUBÓ, José (1991):
"A classe-Estado na Guiné-Bissau", trabalho final do Curso de Pós-Graduação em "Desenvolvimento social e económico em África", instituto Superior de Ciên-cias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa
ANDRADE, Mário de & OLLIVIER, Marc (1971):
La guerre en Angola: Étude socio-économique, Paris: Maspero ASHOFF, Guido & POSSINGER, Hermann (1998):
Oberlegungen zur entwicklungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit mít Angola, Berlim: Deutsches Institut fUr Entwicklungspolitik
AUGUSTO, Geri (1998):
"Angola's home-grown reforms", Southem A/rican Economist, 2 (3), pp. 15-17 BARATA, Nuno J. D. Cassola e (1991):
"República da Guiné-Bissau: Relações externas e relações com Portugal", in: A. Torres (org.), Portugai-PALOP: As relaçoo económicas e financeiras, Lisboa: Escher, pp. 121-141
BARKER, Jonathan (1985):
"Gaps in the debates about agriculture in Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique", World Development, 13 (13) 1, pp. 59-76
BARROSO, José Manuel Durão (1991):
"The peace process in Angola: Evolution and perspectives", comunicação à con-ferencia sobre Angola organizada pelo Center for Strategic and lntemational Stu-dies, Washington D.C., 20 de Fevereiro
BATES, Robert H. (1981):
Markets and States in Tropical A/rica: The politica/ basis o/ agricultura/ policies, Berkeley: University of California Press
BAYART, Jean-François (1989):
L 'État en A/rique: La politique du ventre, Paris: Fayard
BAYART, Jean-François I MEMBE, Achille I TOULABOR, Charles (1992): Le politique par /e bas en Ajrique Noire: Contributions à une problématique de la démocratie, Paris: L'Harmattan
BECKER, Joachim (1988):
Angola, Mosambik und Zimbabwe im Visier SUdqfrikas, Colónia: Pahi-Rugen-stein
BECKER, Joachim (1989):
"Umsetzung hapen: Angolas Winschaftsreformen bislang allein auf dem Papier", lnformationsdienst SUdliches Afrika, 2, pp. 36-37
BECKER, Joachim (1990):
"[Angola:] Krieg und Reformen", In/ormationsdienst SUdliches Afrika, 3, pp. 36-37
BECKMAN, BjOrn (1989):
"The post-colonial state [in Africa]: Crisis and reconstruction", IDS Bulletin, 19 (4), pp. 26-34
BENDER, Gerald (1988):
"Washington's quest for ennemies in Angola", in: R.J. Bloomfield (org.), Regio-nal Conjlict and US Policy: Angola and Mozambique, Algonac, Michigan: Refe-rence Publications, pp. 186-206.
BERNSTEIN, Henry (1990):
"AgriculturaJ 'modemization' and the era of structuraJ adjustment: Observations on Sub-Saharan Africa", Journal of Peasant Studies, 18 (I), pp. 335
BETZ, Joachim (1989):
"Soziale Auswirkungen der Anpassungspolitik in EntwicklungsUtndern", Nord--Sad aktue/1, 3 (2), pp. 238-243
BHAGAVAN, M. R. (1986):
Angola's Politicai Economy, 1975-1985, Upsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet BIENEFELD, Manfred (1988):
"Dependency theory and the politicaJ economy of Africa's crisis", Review of African Politicai Economy, 43, pp. 68-87
BIENEFELD, Manfred (1990):
"Oid recipes, new rethoric: StruturaJ adjustment in 1990", Southern Ajrica Re-port, 6 (2), pp. 9-13
BOROWCZAK, Winfried (1988):
"Die kapverdianische Agrarreform: Probleme einer gesellschaftlichen Refonn 'von oben", in: Meyns 1988, pp. 234-253
BOROWCZAK, Winfried (1990): .
"Entwicklungsprobleme Kap Verdes: Eine soziologische Perspektive", comunica-ção à conferencia organizada pelo Arbeitskreis Portugiesisch-Sprachiges Afrika (APSA), Werner-Reimers-Stiftung, Bad Homburg, 24 a 27 de Janeiro
BOWEN, Merle L. (1989):
"Peasant agriculture in Mozambique: The case of Chokwe, Gaza Province", Ca-nadian Journal of African Studies, 23 (3), pp. 355-379
BRANDT, Hartmut & ZEHENDER, Wolfgang (1986):
"Das Debakel Afrikas und mõgliche Auswege", Vierte/jahresberichte, 105, pp. 243-249
BRAUN, Gerald (1989a):
"Mosambik: Vom Grossen Sprung zur Kriegswirtschaft", Der Oberblick, 1, pp. 81-83
BRAUN, Gerald (1989b):
"IWF-Reformen in Mosambik: Die Stabilisierung einer Kriegswirtschaft", Nord--SiJd aktue/1, 2, pp. 244-250
BRAUN, Gerald (1989c):
Krieg und Wirtschaftsrejorm in Mozambique, Bonn: Deutsche Kommission Justi-tia et Pax
BRAUN, Gerald (1989d):
"The Afrikaner Empire Strikes Back: South Africa's regional policy", in: J.D. Brewer (org.), Can South A/rica Survice?, Londres: Macmillan, pp. 82-107 BRITO, Luis Cerqueira de (1988):
"Une relecture nécessaire: la genese du parti-État FRELIMO", Politique Africai-ne, 29, pp. 15-27
BRITO, Luis Cerqueira de (1991):
"Le FRELIMO et la construction de l'État national au Mozambique: Le sens de la rUérence au marxisme (1962-1983)", dissertação de doutoramento, Université de Paris VUI, Paris
BRITO, Paulo (1991):
"São Tomé e Principe, 1975-1990: Evoluçlo da economia e das relações económi-cas com Portugal", in: A. Torres (org.), Portugai-PALOP: As relações económi-cas e financeiras, Lisboa: Escher, pp. 173-213
BROWNE, Robert S. (1998):
"Evaluating the World Bank's major reports: A review essay", Issue, 16 (2), pp. 11-18
CAHEN, Micbel (1985):
"État de pouvoir populaire dans le Mozambique indépendant", Politique Africai-ne, 19, pp. 36-60
CAHEN, Michel (1987):
Mozambique J.a rlvolution implosée, Paris: L'Harmattan CALLAGHY, Thomas M. (1988):
"Debt and structural adjustment in Africa: Realities and possibilities", Issue, 16 (2), pp. 11-18
CAMPBELL, Horace (1984):
"War, reconstruction and dependence in Mozambique", Journal of African Mar-xists, 6, pp. 47-73
CAMPBELL, Bonnie K. & LOXLEY, John (1990):
Strutural Ajustment in A/rica, New York: St. Martin's Press CARDOSO, Fernando Jorge (1988):
"Ferroes d'État et développement rural", Politique Ajricaine, 29, pp. 41-50 CARDOSO, Fernando Jorge (1991):
"Estratégias, economias locais e empresas agrárias: O desenvolvimento rural em Moçambique", dissertação de doutoramento, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestlo, Lisboa
CARDOSO, Renato (1986):
Cabo Verde: Opç/Jo para uma politica de paz, Praia: Instituto Caboverdiano do Livro
CHABAL, Patrick (1983):
"People's war, state formation and revolutions in Africa: A comparative analysis of Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and Angola", Journal o/ Commonwealth Stu-dies and Comparative Politics, 21 (3), pp. 104-125 [também m: N. Kasflr (org.), State and Class in A/rica, Londres: Cass, 1984, pp. 104-125)
CHABAL, Patrick (1886):
"Revolutionary democracy in Africa: The case of Guines-Bissau", in: id. (org.), Politicai Domination in A/rica: Reflections on the limits o/ power, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press, pp. 84-108
CHERU, Fantu (1989):
The Silent Revolution in A/rica: Development and democracy, London: Zed COBBE, James (1990):
"Africa's economic crisis: Tbe rôles of debt, tbe state and intemational economíc institutions", Journal of Modern African Studies, 28 (2), pp. 351-358
COHEN, Rokin & GOLBOURNE, Harry (1992):
COMÉLIAU, Christian (1990):
"Développement et ajustement en Afrique: Quelles transformations de structu-res?", Geneve-Afrique, 28 (1), pp. 137-146
COMMANDER, Simon (1989):
(org.) Structural Adjustment and Agriculture: Theory and practice in A/rica and Latin America, Londres
+
Portsmouth: Overseas Development lnstitute I Currey I HeinemanCORNIA, Giovanni I JOLLY, Richard I STEWART, Frances (1987): Adjustment With a Human Face: Oxford: Ciarendon Press I UNICEF DARCH. Colin (1989):
'·Are there warlords in provincial Mozambique? Questions of the social base of MNR banditry", Review o! African Politica/ Economy, 45146, pp. 34-49 DAVIDSON, Basil (1988);
As ilhas qfonunadas [de Cabo Verde]: Um estudo sobre a África em transforma-ç4o, Praia: Instituto Caboverdiano do Livro e do Disco [em inglh: The Fortunate Islands (of Cape Verde): A study in African transj'ormation, Londres etc.: Hut-chinson, 1989]
DA VlES, Robert (1985):
South African Strategy Towards Mozambique in the Post-Nkomati Period, Upsa-la: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
DERLUGUIAN, Georgui (s.d.):
"Quantas cabeças possui a hidra: Do ambiente social da viol!ncia armada em Mo-çambique", manuscrito nlo publicado (versão abreviada de um trabalho apresen-tado em llngua russa, Moscovo 1989)
DIE (Deutsches lnstitut für Entwick1ungspolitik) (1985):
Strukturverzerrungen und Anpassungsprogramme in den armen Ltlndem Afrikas: Herausforderung an die Entwick/ungspolitik, Berlim
DOMMEN, Edward & HEIN, Philippe (1985):
(orgs). States, Microstates and Js/ands, London etc.: Croom Helm DOORNBOS, Martin (1989):
The A/rican State in Academic Debate, Haia: lnstitute of Social Sciences DURUFLÉ, Gilles (1988):
L 'qjustement structurel en Afrique: Sénégal, CfJte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Paris: Karthala
ECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa) (1989):
African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmesfor Socio--Economic Recovery and Transformation, Addis Abeba
EGERO, Bertil (1982):
"Development trends and politicai democracy in post-independence Mozambi-que", in: id. & L. Rudebeck, Socialist Development, Upsala: AKUT, pp. 2-11 EGERO, Bertil (1987):
MoZQmbique: A Dream Undone, Upsala: Nordislca Afrikainstitutet EGERO, Bertil & TORP, Jens Erik (1983):
"What k.ind of socialist transition in capitalist recession? The case of Mozambi-que", in: J. Carlsson (org.), Recession in A/rica, Upsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitu-tet
EIU (Economic Intelligence Unit) (1987):
Country Profile Angola, S4o Tomé & Prlncipe 1987-1988, London ELSENHANS, Hartmut (1985):
"Der peripbere Staat: Zum Stand der entwicklungstbeoretiscben Diskussion", in:
F. Nuscheler (org.), Dritte- Welt-Forschung: Entwicklungstheorie und
Entwtck-lungspolitik, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 135-156 ELSENHANS, Hartmut (1992):
"Sugestões para uma análise comparativa do Estado na África Sub-Saariana a partir do conceito de um modo de produçilo especifico chamado sociedade
buro-crática de desenvolvimento, dominado por classes de Estado", Revista Internacio-nal de Estudos Africanos, IS
EST~VÃO, Jo!o (1989):
"Desenvolvimento endógeno e integração económica regional em África: Algu-mas considerações sobre a estratégia caboverdiana", Revista Internacional de Es-tudos Africanos, 10-11, pp. 179-187
EST~VÃO, João (1991):
"O sector e~terno da economia cabo-verdiana e as relações bilaterais com
Portu-gal", in: A. Torres (org.), Portugai-PALOP: As relaç6es económicas e
financei-ras, Lisboa: Escher, pp. 85-117
EYZAGUIRRE, Pablo (1989):
"The independence of São Tomé e Principe and the Agrarian Reform", Journal
of Modem African Studies, 27 (4), pp. 671-678
FAIR, Denis (1989):
"The Beira, Maputo and Nacala corridors", Africa Insight, 19 (1), pp. 21-27 FERREIRA. Manuel Ennes (1990a):
"Pobreza absoluta e desigualdades sociais, ajustamento estrutural e democrac1a
na R.D. São Tomé e Prlncipe", Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos, 12/13, pp. 137-166
FERREIRA, Manuel Ennes (1990b):
Angola-Portugal: Do Espaço Económico Português às relaç6es pós-coloniais,
Lis-boa: Escher
FERREIRA, Manuel Ennes (1990c):
"A politica de recuperação económica da RP de Angola", Politica Internacional,
1. PP 107-132
FERREIRA, Manuel Ennes (1991):
··características e tendências das relações económicas e fmanceiras entre Portugal e a R. P. de Angola (1976-89)", in: A. Torres (org.), Portugai-PALOP: As
rela-ç6es económicas e financeiras, Lisboa: Escher, pp. Sl-84 FORk.EST, Joshua B.
· ·state, peasantry and national power struggle in post-independence Guinea-Bis-sau", dissertação de doutoramento, University of Wisconsin. Minnesota
FOY, Colm (1988):
Cape Verde: Politics, Economics and Society, Londres + New York, Pinter GALLI, Rosemary (1987):
"On peasant productivity: the case of Guinea-Bissau", Development and Change,
GALLI, Rosemary (1989):
"The politicai economy of Guinea-Bissau: Second thoughts", A/rica, 59 (3), pp. 371-380
GALU, Rosemary E. & JONES, Jocelyn (1987):
Guinea-Bissau: Politics, Economics and Society, Londres + New York, Pinter
GEBAUER, Hermann (1991):
"The subsiclized food distribution system in Mozambique and its socio-economic impact", memorando para a CEE, Maputo (a aparecer em versão portuguesa em
Trajectos l, 1992) GEFFRAY, Christian (1990):
La cause desarmes au Mozambique: Anthropologie d'une guerre cívile, Paris +
Nairobi: CREDU + Karthala
GEFFRAY, Christian & PEDERSEN, Mogens (1986):
"Sobre a guerra na Provinda de Nampula: Elementos de análise e hipótese sobre as determinações e consequências sócio-económicas locais'', Revista Internacional
de Estudos Africanos, 4-5, pp. 303-318
GLICKMAN, Harvey (1988)·
(org.) The Crisis and Challenge o/ African Development, New York etc.: Green-wood
GONÇALVES, José (1991)
Angola a fogo mtenso, Lisboa: Cotovia GSÃNGER, Hans & ZEHENDER, Wolfgang (1983):
Chancen für binnenwirtschqftliche Anpassung und aussenpolitische Ojjnung:
Oberlegungen zur entwicklungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit mit Mosambik.
Ber-lim: Deutsches lnstitut für Entwicklungspolitil: HALKES, Jan & OPPEWAL, Jolke (1989):
Moçambique, socialismo e solidariedade, Amesterdão· Eduardo-Mondlane-Stich-ting
HALL, Margaret (1990)·
"The Mozambique National Reststance Movement (RENAMO): A study in des-truction of an African country", Africa, 60 (1), pp. 39-68
HANDEM, Diana Lima (1988):
"A Guiné-Bissau: O nó do ajustamento", Boletim de ln/ormaçDo Sócio-Econó-mica, 2, pp. 53-76
HANLON, Joseph (1984):
MozÔmbique: The revolution under jire, Londres: Zed HANLON, Joseph (1991):
Mozambique: Who calls the shots?, Londres: Currey HAVNEVIK, Kjell J. (1987):
(org.) The IMF and the World Bank in A/rica: Conditíonality, impact and alterna-tives, Upsala: Nordiska Afrikainstítutet
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1973):
(org.) Social Change in Angola, Munique: Weltform Verlag HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1979):
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1984):
Die politische und gesellschajtliche Entwicklung ais Rahmenbedingung der [ka-tholischenj Kirche in Mosambik, Friburgo. Alemanha: Arnold-Bergstraesser-lns-titut
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1986):
"Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der portugiesischsprachigen Staaten Afri-kas", in: B. Weimer (org.), Dte ajríkanischen Staaten portugtesischer Sprache:
In-terne Entwicklungsdynamik und mternationale Beúehungen, Ebenhausen:
Stif-tung Wissenschaft und Politik, pp. 9-18 HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1988):
''Staatenwerdung und sozíale IdentiUlt im portugiesischsprachigen Afrika", in:
M. Kuder (org.), ZivílisattOn, Sprache und Literatur der afríkanischen Staaten
portugiesischer Sprache, Bona: DASP, pp. 9-40
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1990a):
"Der nacblcolonial~ Staat als Bedingungsfaktor der Neuorientierung im portugie-sischsprachien Afrika". comunicação à conferência organizada pelo Arbeitskreis Portugiesisch-Sprachiges Afrika (APSA). Werner-Reimers-Stiftung, Bad Hom-burg, 24 a 27 de Janeiro
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1990b)
"O Estado pós-colonial em Africa'', Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos, 12-13, pp. 475-500
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm (1991):
"Estado e sociedade na África de lingua oficial portuguesa", comunicação ao Se-manário Internacional sobre "O Estado pós-colonial ma África de llngua oficial portuguesa", Werner-Reimers-Stittung, Bad Homburg, 4 a 9 de Novembro HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm & SILVA, Elisete Marques da (1983):
Politische Entwicklung und Situation der [katholischenj Kírche im nachkolonia/en Angola, Friburg/ Alemanha: Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institut
HEIMER, Franz-Wilhelm & SILVA, Elisete Marques da (1988):
"Vundiça: Wandel und Kontinuitat in Reproduktion und Inkorporation eines-lllnd-lichen Gesellschaftssegments in Mozambique", io: Meyns 1988, pp. 128-154 HEIN, Yvonne van (1990):
"Mozambique: Economische aanpassing in oorlogstijd", Internarionale Samen-werking, 5 (10), pp. 4-7
HENRIKSEN, Thomas H. (1981):
"The People's Republic of Mozambique", in: 8. Szajkowski (org.), Marxist Go-vernments: A World Survey, vol. 3, Londres
+
Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 527-·552HERMELE, Kenneth (1988):
"A guerra e a estabilização: Uma avaliação a médio prazo do Programa de Reabi-litação Económica de Moçambique (PRE)", Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos, 8-9, pp. 247-293
HERMELE, Kenneth (1989):
"Structural adjustment and politicai alliances in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mo-zambique", in: Hermele & Rudebeck 1989, pp. 5-16
HERMELE, Keoneth & RUDEBECK, Lars (1989):
At the Crossroads: Politicai Alliances and Structural Adjustment. Two essays on Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique, Upsala: AKUT [em português: Na
en-cruzilhada: alianças politicas e ajustamento estrutural. Ensaios sobre Angola,
Guiné-Bissau e Moçambique, Upsala: Akut, 1990] HILLEBRAND, Ernst (1989):
"Die Landwinschaftspolitik der VR Angola, 1975-1988", Ajrika Spectrum, 24 (1), pp. 71-90
HIRSCH, Robert (1990):
"Ajustement structure1 et politiques alirnentaires en Afrique subsaharieone",
Po-litique Ajricaine, 37, pp. 17-31
HODGES, Tony [Anthony] (1987):
Angola in the !99's: The potential for recovery, Londres: Economic Intelligence
Unit
HODGES, Anthony & NEWITT, Malyn (1988):
S4o Tomé and Prfncipe: From plantation colony to microstate, Boulder + Lon-dres: Westview
JMF (lnternational Monetary Fund) (1988):
People's Republic oj Mozamb(que: Recent Economic Developments, Washington JONES, Jocelyn (1987):
"Tbe Pany, the State and the Peasantry in Gumea-Bissau", dissertação de douto-ramento, Oxford University
KASACK, Sebastian (1990191):
"Bringen Perestroika und G1asnost Frieden in Angola?", bltltter des iz3w, 170, pp. 17-21
KELLER, Edmund, J. & ROTHCHILD, Donald (1987):
(org.) Ajro-Marxist Regimes: ldeology and Public Polícy, Boulder
+
Londres: RiennerKNIGHT, Derrick (1988):
Mozambique in the Trap, Londres: Christian Aid
KORNER, Peter I MAASS, Gerold I SIEBOLD, Thomas I TETZLAFF, Rainer (1985): Im Teujelskreis der Verschu/dung: Der lnternatíonale WIJhrungsjonds und díe Dritte We/t: Hamburg: Junius
KRUKS, Sonia & WISNER, Ben (1984):
''Tbe state, the party and the female peasantry in Mozarnbique' ', Joumal oj
Sou-thern Ajrican Studies, 11 (1), pp. 106-127
KÜHNE, Winfried (1989}:
"Angola im Herbst 1989", Der Oberblick, 4, pp. 54-58 KÜHNE, Winfried (1990):
"Afrik:a nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktes: Oberlegungen zu einem 'neuen Realismus' in Afrik:a", Leviathan, 2, pp. 213-238
LACHENMANN, Gurdrun (1987):
"Die gesellschaftlicbe Problematik der Strukturanpassungspolitik in Afrik:a", Vierteljahresberichte, 109, pp. 275-192
LANCASTER, Carol (1989):
"Economic restructuring in Sub-Saharan Africa", Current History, 88 (S38), pp. 21-3-216, 244
LANCASTER, Carol (1990a):
"[Mozambique:) Reform- or else?", A/rica Report, 3S (3), pp. 43-46 LANCASTER, Carol (1990b):
"How the IMF and the World Bank affect African decision making", CSIS Afri-ca Notes, 97, p. 1-12
LANCASTER, Carol (1990c):
"Tbe Wor1d Bank's Africa Update: Something old, something new, something borrowed, '>Omething blue", CSJS A/rica Notes, 108, p. 1-12
LAZITCH, Branko & RIGOULOT, Pierre (s.d.):
Angola: Eine Niederluge des Kommunismus, Estugarda: Meyers LOPES, Carlos (1982):
Etnia, estado e relaç"es de poder na Guiné-Bissau, Lisboa: Edições 70 LOPES, Carlos (1987);
Guinea-Bissau: From /iberation struggle to independent statehood, Boulder, Col.
+
Londres: Westview+
Zed, 1987 (em português: A transiçdo histórica na Gui-né-Bissau, Bissau: INEP, 1988)LOPES, Carlos (1988):
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MELLO, Georgina de (1986):
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MUNSLOW, Barry & O'KEEFE, Phil (1984):
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RUDEBECK, Lars (1989):
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SAUL, John S. (1990a):
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SAUL, John S. (1990c):
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SAWYER, Akilagra (1991):
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SCH.NEIDMAN, Witney W. (1991):
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